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Finland, officially theRepublic of Finland, is aNordic country inNorthern Europe. It bordersSweden to the northwest,Norway to the north, andRussia to the east, with theGulf of Bothnia to the west and theGulf of Finland to the south, oppositeEstonia. Finland has a population of 5.6 million, the majority beingethnic Finns. Its capital and largest city isHelsinki. The official languages areFinnish andSwedish, themother tongues of 84.1 percent and 5.1 percent of the population, respectively. Finland's climate varies fromhumid continental in the south toboreal in the north. Its land is predominantly covered byboreal forest, withover 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after thelast Ice Age. During theStone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. TheBronze Age andIron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures inFennoscandia and theBaltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of Sweden following theNorthern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of theFinnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and becamean autonomous grand duchy within theRussian Empire. During this period,Finnish art flourished and anindependence movement gradually developed. (Full article...)

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Erik Gustav Elfving (25 June 1908 – 25 March 1984) was aFinnish mathematician andstatistician. He wrote pioneering works in mathematical statistics, especially on thedesign of experiments. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: Johannes Jansson/norden.org
Prime Minister of Finland Matti Vanhanen

Did you know(auto-generated)

... that among thefossils of Finland are the remains of a woolly mammoth and a woolly rhinoceros?
... that the filmmakers of100 Litres of Gold brewed 20 litres ofsahti at the Finnish embassy in Rome for its premiere?
... that Finland won its firstOlympic ice hockey medal under the leadership ofKai Hietarinta?
... thatSodankylä Old Church is one of the oldest preserved wooden churches in Finland?
... thatCharlotte Haining was an International Jury Member for the selection ofFinland's 2020 Eurovision Song Contest entry?
... thatJoe Wirkkunen coached theFinland men's national ice hockey team after receiving a recommendation from Canada?

WikiProjects

You are invited to participate inFinland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles aboutFinland.

More did you know -show different entries

...that thecruiseferry M/SNordlandia (originally M/SOlau Hollandia) was built to beNATO-compatible, so that she could easily be converted to atroopship?
...thatThomas, the first knownBishop of Finland, resigned after confessing totorture andforgery?
...that theFinnish-Novgorodian wars only ended with theSwedish conquest of Finland in 1249, resulting in theSwedish–Novgorodian Wars?
...the crash ofAero Flight 311, which claimed the lives of all 25 people on board, was the worstaviation accident ever to occur inFinland?
...that some areas of theFinnish Lakeland have up to 1,000 lakes per 100 km²?

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This is aGood article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Sondhi speaking at a mass rally, February 2006

InThai politics, theFinland Plot,Finland Plan,Finland Strategy, Finland Conspiracy orFinland Declaration (Thai:แผนฟินแลนด์, ยุทธศาสตร์ฟินแลนด์, ปฏิญญาฟินแลนด์,Finnish:Suomi-salaliitto, Suomi-suunnitelma, Suomi-strategia) are names of a controversialconspiracy theory espoused bySondhi Limthongkul and supporters affiliated with thePeople's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) in 2006 describing a plot allegedly developed byThai Prime MinisterThaksin Shinawatra and former left-wing student leaders to overthrow theformer Thai monarch, take control of the nation, and establish acommunist state. The plot allegedly originated inFinland.

The allegations damaged the popularity of Thaksin and his government, despite the fact that no evidence was ever produced to verify the existence of a plot.Thaksin and hisThai Rak Thai (TRT) party vehemently denied the accusations and sued the accusers. Theleaders of the2006 military coup claimed Thaksin's alleged disloyalty as one of their rationales for seizing power. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German ChancellorHelmut Schmidt, East Germany's leaderErich Honecker, US presidentGerald Ford and the Austrian chancellorBruno Kreisky (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 2S/S Urania inHanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 3TheSwedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part ofSweden proper,rike, shown in dark green. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 4Linus Torvalds, a famousFennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of theLinux kernel (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 5Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 6ThreeFinnish Romani women inHelsinki, Finland, in 1930s (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 7Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of theNew Testament to KingGustav Wasa. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 8A group of Finnish soldiers operating aBofors gun during theContinuation War in 1943 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 9Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 10The ruins ofVammala burned by theReds, during the Civil war (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 11Homann's map of theScandinavian Peninsula andFennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northernGermany, northernPoland, theBaltic region,Livonia,Belarus, and parts ofNorthwest Russia.Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 12Thefirst government of independent Finland.P. E. Svinhufvud, the firstPrime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 13Asmoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 14Kastelli Giant's Church inPattijoki byPöljä culture [fi] (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 15The Finnish composerJean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history ofclassical music (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 16Helsinki Accords Treaty (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 17The Finno-Soviet Treaty (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 18Alvar Aalto,Viipuri Library (1927–35) (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 19Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 20Sámi family in traditional costumes from Finland. (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 21Kreeta Haapasalo Playing theKantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), byRobert Wilhelm Ekman (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 22Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 23An old drawing of the city ofTurku in the 18th century (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 24A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 25Stone Age dwelling namedKierikki 5000–3000 BC (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 26In thesauna, byPekka Halonen, 1925 (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 27Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of theGreat Northern War during 1700–1721. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 28Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 29(1809Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 30Wehrmacht soldiers with a localSámi reindeer herder, Lappland,Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 31Pieces of theAntrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-knownfishing net in the world. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 32Women in sauna withVihtas
Image 33The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 34The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed byVladimir Lenin,Leon Trotsky,Grigory Petrovsky,Joseph Stalin,Isaac Steinberg,Vladimir Karelin, andAlexander Schlichter (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 35Badge of the FinnishWhite/Civil Guard (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 36Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 37Prehistoricred ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 38Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 39A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 40People gathered in theSenate Square for a demonstration against theFebruary Manifesto in March 1899. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 41CaptainAarne Juutilainen at the front atKollaa during theWinter War (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 42Battle of Valkeala was part of theRusso-Swedish War (1788–1790). (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 43Women dressed in Finnishfolk costumes (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 44Atriptych byAkseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting theAino Story ofKalevala on three panes (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 45Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 46Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of theFinnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 47PresidentUrho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 48A view ofPohjoisesplanadi in the center ofHelsinki in 1891 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 49Northern Europe in 814 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 50In the middle is the patron saint of Finland,Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; fromMissale Aboense (1488) (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 51Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found fromKiuruvesi. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 52Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 53This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of theRussian Empire. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 54The part of Finland controlled bythe Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 55Eero Järnefelt,Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 56Kalmar Union in 1400s (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 57Paavo Nurmi at the1920 Summer Olympics (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 58Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer"Eino Nieminen [fi] in front of theVaasa courthouse during the4 June 1930 riot. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 59Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 60Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region ofSouthern Ostrobothnia (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 61In 2011 figure skaterKiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 62Painting ofLalli killingHenry. Painting byC. A. Ekman. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 63Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps onVappu (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 64Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent fromMustamäki, Finland (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 65Identification document and tag of aFinnish war child (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 66Marshal of FinlandCarl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 67PresidentK. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 68A reconstruction of a 12th-centuryPerniö costume (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 69The public education system founded during earlier Swedish rule resulted the literacy of Grand Duchy of Finland being higher than its host countryRussian Empire (map of1897 census literacy data) (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 70Apocalyptica'sPerttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 71The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 72Winter War Monument inSuomussalmi,Kainuu, Finland (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 73Imagery collage ofBirger Jarl conqueringHäme and the construction ofHäme Castle (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 742007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 75Memorial of theMannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 76Jean Sibelius at work in his study (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 77Portrait of Finnish poet Elias Lönnrot who wrote "the Kalevala" (1802 - 1884) (fromHistory of Finland)

In the news

3 October 2025 –: AFinnish court dismisses charges against the crew of theEagle S tanker, ruling prosecutors failed to prove intent in the2024 Estlink 2 incident and that negligence must be addressed bythe ship's flag state or crew's home countries.(Reuters)
14 September 2025 –EuroBasket 2025: Inbasketball,Germany defeatsTurkey 88–83 in theEuroBasket 2025 final, withDennis Schröder selected as theMVP. In the third-place match,Greece beatsFinland.(FIBA)
5 September 2025 –Finland–Latvia relations,Belarus–European Union border crisis: Finland acceptsLatvia's request to deployborder guards at theBelarus–Latvia border to help manage increasedmigration from Belarus, withEstonia andLithuania also providing support.(Reuters)
5 September 2025 –Finland–Palestine relations,Diplomatic impact of the Gaza war: Finland joins theNew York Declaration calling for the end of theGaza war and advancing atwo-state solution to theIsraeli–Palestinian conflict.(Reuters)
1 September 2025 –: AFinnish court sentencesBiafran activistSimon Ekpa to six years in prison forincitement,tax fraud, andterrorism, among other charges.(AP)
19 August 2025 –: Eemeli Peltonen, a 30-year-oldFinnish member of parliament, dies bysuicide inside theParliament House inHelsinki.(Yle)

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