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Portal:Finland

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The Finland Portal

Finland, officially theRepublic of Finland, is aNordic country inNorthern Europe. It bordersSweden to the northwest,Norway to the north, andRussia to the east, with theGulf of Bothnia to the west and theGulf of Finland to the south, oppositeEstonia. Its capital and largest city isHelsinki. Finland has a population of 5.6 million. The official languages areFinnish andSwedish, themother tongues of 84.1 percent and 5.1 percent of the population, respectively. Finland's climate varies fromhumid continental in the south toboreal in the north. Its land is predominantly covered byboreal forest, withover 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after thelast Ice Age. During theStone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. TheBronze Age andIron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures inFennoscandia and theBaltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of Sweden following theNorthern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of theFinnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and becamean autonomous grand duchy within theRussian Empire. During this period,Finnish art flourished and anindependence movement gradually developed. (Full article...)

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Kontio assisting ships offKemi, Finland, in February 2012.

Kontio is aFinnish state-ownedicebreaker. Built byWärtsilä Helsinki shipyard in 1987 as a replacement for the agingKarhu-class icebreakers, she and her sister shipOtso were the first Finnish post-war icebreaker to be built without bow propellers.

In addition to icebreaker duties,Kontio was fitted foroil spill response by theEuropean Maritime Safety Agency between 2010 and 2016. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: Christopher Batt
Juuso Pykälistö in hisPeugeot 206 WRC during the 2003Swedish Rally.

Did you know(auto-generated)

... that records oftransgender people in Finland stretch back to the 19th century?
... thatSodankylä Old Church is one of the oldest preserved wooden churches in Finland?
... that the 1972 Finnish filmThe Sheep Eaters gathered more than a million viewers opposite the1975 Ice Hockey World Championships match between Finland and the Soviet Union?
... thatKaija Saariaho's 2021 operaInnocence includes traditional Finnish cow-herding calls?
... thatCharlotte Haining was an International Jury Member for the selection ofFinland's 2020 Eurovision Song Contest entry?
... that Finland won its firstOlympic ice hockey medal under the leadership ofKai Hietarinta?

WikiProjects

You are invited to participate inFinland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles aboutFinland.

More did you know -show different entries

...that the prototypes for theWW II GermanU-boat fleet(Type II pictured) were designed bya Dutch company and built inFinland at theCrichton-Vulcan shipyard?
...that while repellingSoviet advances across the frozenLake Suvanto,Finland managed to capture 12anti-tank guns, 140machine guns, 200light machine guns and 1500rifles in theBattle of Kelja in 1939?
...thatMajor Carl Mothander, the leader ofSwedish volunteers in theEstonian War of Independence, later wrote books on Estonian politics that were banned inFinland?
...that theKorpela movement was a short-livedcult during the1930s in NorthernSweden andFinland whose controversial sexual rituals eventually led to the arrest of 60 followers?
...that in 1745,Daniel Juslenius, aFinnish Fennoman, finished the first formalFinnish dictionary?

More did you know facts

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This is aGood article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Juha Harri "Junnu" Vainio, also known asJuha "Watt" Vainio (10 May 1938 inKotka,Finland – 29 October 1990,Gryon,Switzerland) was aFinnish lyricist, singer, composer and teacher. With the lyrics or music to over 2,400 songs to his name, Vainio is one of Finland's most prolific lyricists along with Sauvo Puhtila,Reino Helismaa andVexi Salmi. Vainio enjoyed a short professional career as a teacher at Kymenranta Primary School.

Vainio began writing songs in the early 1960s and continued until his death. Apart from his home town Kotka, he lived for several years inHelsinki andEspoo. In his last years Vainio lived in Gryon, Switzerland, where he died of a heart attack in October 1990. He is buried in the family grave in Helsinki. (Full article...)

List of Good articles

General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps onVappu (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 2The Finno-Soviet Treaty (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 3A group of Finnish soldiers operating aBofors gun during theContinuation War in 1943 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 4An old drawing of the city ofTurku in the 18th century (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 5Paavo Nurmi at the1920 Summer Olympics (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 6S/S Urania inHanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 7The Finnish composerJean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history ofclassical music (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 8In thesauna, byPekka Halonen, 1925 (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 9Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 10A reconstruction of a 12th-centuryPerniö costume (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 11Memorial of theMannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 12Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 13A view ofPohjoisesplanadi in the center ofHelsinki in 1891 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 14Battle of Valkeala was part of theRusso-Swedish War (1788–1790). (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 15Helsinki Accords Treaty (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 16Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German ChancellorHelmut Schmidt, East Germany's leaderErich Honecker, US presidentGerald Ford and the Austrian chancellorBruno Kreisky (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 17CaptainAarne Juutilainen at the front atKollaa during theWinter War (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 18Asmoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 19PresidentUrho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 20Jean Sibelius at work in his study (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 21PresidentK. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 22People gathered in theSenate Square for a demonstration against theFebruary Manifesto in March 1899. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 23Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 24Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 25Imagery collage ofBirger Jarl conqueringHäme and the construction ofHäme Castle (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 26Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 27Badge of the FinnishWhite/Civil Guard (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 28Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found fromKiuruvesi. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 29A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 30Linus Torvalds, a famousFennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of theLinux kernel (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 31The ruins ofVammala burned by theReds, during the Civil war (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 32Painting ofLalli killingHenry. Painting byC. A. Ekman. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 33Winter War Monument inSuomussalmi,Kainuu, Finland (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 34Apocalyptica'sPerttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 35A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 36The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 37Pieces of theAntrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-knownfishing net in the world. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 38Women in sauna withVihtas
Image 39Eero Järnefelt,Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 40Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer"Eino Nieminen [fi] in front of theVaasa courthouse during the4 June 1930 riot. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 41Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 422007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 43Identification document and tag of aFinnish war child (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 44Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of theNew Testament to KingGustav Wasa. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 45ThreeFinnish Romani women inHelsinki, Finland, in 1930s (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 46The public education system founded during earlier Swedish rule resulted the literacy of Grand Duchy of Finland being higher than its host countryRussian Empire (map of1897 census literacy data) (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 47Alvar Aalto,Viipuri Library (1927–35) (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 48In the middle is the patron saint of Finland,Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; fromMissale Aboense (1488) (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 49Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of theFinnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 50Stone Age dwelling namedKierikki 5000–3000 BC (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 51Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent fromMustamäki, Finland (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 52In 2011 figure skaterKiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 53Northern Europe in 814 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 54Kreeta Haapasalo Playing theKantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), byRobert Wilhelm Ekman (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 55The part of Finland controlled bythe Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 56Kalmar Union in 1400s (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 57Homann's map of theScandinavian Peninsula andFennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northernGermany, northernPoland, theBaltic region,Livonia,Belarus, and parts ofNorthwest Russia.Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 58Sámi family in traditional costumes from Finland. (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 59Portrait of Finnish poet Elias Lönnrot who wrote "the Kalevala" (1802 - 1884) (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 60Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 61Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 62Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region ofSouthern Ostrobothnia (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 63Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 64Women dressed in Finnishfolk costumes (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 65This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of theRussian Empire. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 66Wehrmacht soldiers with a localSámi reindeer herder, Lappland,Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 67Thefirst government of independent Finland.P. E. Svinhufvud, the firstPrime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 68Kastelli Giant's Church inPattijoki byPöljä culture [fi] (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 69TheSwedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part ofSweden proper,rike, shown in dark green. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 70The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed byVladimir Lenin,Leon Trotsky,Grigory Petrovsky,Joseph Stalin,Isaac Steinberg,Vladimir Karelin, andAlexander Schlichter (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 71Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 72Atriptych byAkseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting theAino Story ofKalevala on three panes (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 73Prehistoricred ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (fromCulture of Finland)
Image 74The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 75Marshal of FinlandCarl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 76Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of theGreat Northern War during 1700–1721. (fromHistory of Finland)
Image 77(1809Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (fromHistory of Finland)

In the news

5 February 2026 –2026 Winter Olympics: The match betweenFinland andCanada in thewomen's ice hockey tournament at theWinter Olympics is postponed to February 12 after anorovirus outbreak affected 13 members of the Finnish team.(NBC)
21 January 2026 –Greenland crisis,Tariffs in the second Trump administration: United States president Donald Trump announces he will cancel the plannedtariffs onDenmark,Finland,France,Germany, theNetherlands,Norway,Sweden, and theUnited Kingdom after reaching an agreement withNATO Secretary General Mark Rutte for aGreenland framework. He also stated at theWorld Economic Forum that he has ruled out sendingforces amidst invasion fears.(BBC News)(Fortune)
3 October 2025 –: AFinnish court dismisses charges against the crew of theEagle S tanker, ruling prosecutors failed to prove intent in the2024 Estlink 2 incident and that negligence must be addressed bythe ship's flag state or crew's home countries.(Reuters)
14 September 2025 –EuroBasket 2025: Inbasketball,Germany defeatsTurkey 88–83 in theEuroBasket 2025 final, withDennis Schröder selected as theMVP. In the third-place match,Greece beatsFinland.(FIBA)
5 September 2025 –Finland–Latvia relations,Belarus–European Union border crisis: Finland acceptsLatvia's request to deployborder guards at theBelarus–Latvia border to help manage increasedmigration from Belarus, withEstonia andLithuania also providing support.(Reuters)
5 September 2025 –Finland–Palestine relations,Diplomatic impact of the Gaza war: Finland joins theNew York Declaration calling for the end of theGaza war and advancing atwo-state solution to theIsraeli–Palestinian conflict.(Reuters)

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View of Lake Pielinen in Koli National Park

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Panorama of LakePielinen from a hill inKoli National Park, Finland

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