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TheEuropean Union (EU) is asupranational political andeconomic union of 27member states that arelocated primarily in Europe. The Union has a total area of 4,233,255 km² (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated population of more than 450 million as of 2025. The EU is often described as asui generis political entity combining characteristics of both afederation and aconfederation.

Containing 5.5% of theworld population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominalgross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth ofglobal economic output. Its cornerstone, theCustoms Union, paved the way to establishingan internal single market based on standardisedlegal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market; enact legislation in justice and home affairs; and maintain common policies ontrade,agriculture,fisheries, andregional development.

The EU was established, along withits citizenship, when theMaastricht Treaty came into force in 1993, and was incorporated as aninternational legal juridical person upon entry into force of theTreaty of Lisbon in 2009. Its beginnings can be traced to theInner Six states (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, andWest Germany) at the start of modernEuropean integration in 1948, and to theWestern Union, theInternational Authority for the Ruhr, theEuropean Coal and Steel Community, theEuropean Economic Community and theEuropean Atomic Energy Community, which were established by treaties. These increasingly amalgamated bodies grew, with their legal successor the EU, both in size throughthe accessions of a further 22 states from 1973 to 2013, and in power through acquisitions of policy areas. In 2020,the United Kingdom became the only member state toleave the EU; ten countries areaspiring or negotiating to join it. (Full article...)

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TheEuropean Commission forms part of theexecutive branch of theEuropean Union. It is one of the Union'sthree main political Institutions. It is acabinet government of 27Commissioners led by aCommission President. The current President isUrsula von der Leyen, who leads thevon der Leyen Commission and assumed office in 2019. It is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding theUnion's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.

The Commission is based in theBerlaymont building inBrussels and is supported by an administrative body of about 23,000 European civil servants divided into departments calledDirectorate-General. The term "Commission" can either mean the entire administrative body of the Commission or just the college of 27 Commissioners. Its internalworking languages areEnglish,French andGerman.

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St Stephen's Green

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St Stephen's Green is a city centrepublic park in Dublin, Ireland. The current landscape of the park was designed by William Sheppard. It was officially re-opened to the public in 1880. The park is adjacent to one of Dublin's main shopping streets,Grafton Street, and to ashopping centre named for it, while on its surrounding streets are the offices of a number of public bodies as well as a stop on one of Dublin'sLuas tram lines. At 22 acres (89,000 m²), it is the largest of the parks in Dublin's main Georgiangarden squares.

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Did you know?

...that within theEurozone theEuropean Central Bank has the exclusive authority to set monetary policy?

...thatGreenland andUnited Kingdom are the only countries to ever leave the European Union?

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Tallinn is thecapital city and mainseaport ofEstonia. It is situated on the southern coast of theGulf of Finland, in north central Estonia., 80 kilometres south ofHelsinki. Tallinn's population is registered at 399,180 (as of November 2006). In1154 Tallinn was marked on the world map of theArab cartographeral-Idrisi.

As an important port for trade betweenRussia andScandinavia, it became a target for the expansion of theTeutonic Knights and Kingdom ofDenmark during the period ofNorthern Crusades in the beginning of the13th century whenChristianity was forcibly imposed on the local population. Danish rule of Tallinn and Northern Estonia started in1219. According toEurostat, the statistical agency of theEuropean Union, of all EU member states' capital cities, Tallinn has the largest number of non-EU nationals: 27.8% of its population are not EU citizens.

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General images

The following are images from various European Union-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Vladimir Putin President of Russia (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 2Coins and banknotes of theEuro, the single-currencyintroduced from 1999 (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 3Konrad Adenauer,Walter Hallstein andAntonio Segni, signing theEuropean customs union andEuratom in Rome in 1957 (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 4Mario Draghi (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 5The population density of the EU is 106 people per km². Note that the lights in the North Sea are from oil platforms. (fromDemographics of the European Union)
Image 6Logo of theEuropean Commission (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 7Logo of theEuropean Court of Auditors (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 8Theordinary legislative procedure of the European Union (fromPolitics of the European Union)
Image 9Kaja Kallas, High Representative Vice President (fromPolitics of the European Union)
Image 10Acartogram depicting the population distribution between old EU-27 member states in 2008 (including the UK and excluding Croatia). 57.8% of all citizens of the EU live in the four largest member states: Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. (fromDemographics of the European Union)
Image 11Winston Churchill (right, during theAtlantic Conference), consistent advocate of continental European integration, later along with his son-in-lawDuncan Sandys (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 12The Frankish Empire at its greatest extent, ca. 814 AD (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 13Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in the European Union in 2019 (fromDemographics of the European Union)
Image 14Political groups of the European Parliament in theLouise Weiss building after theelection 2024:
  Group of the European People's Party (EPP)
  Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
  Patriots for Europe (PfE)
  European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR)
  Renew Europe (Renew)
  The Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)
  The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL (The Left)
  Europe of Sovereign Nations (ESN)
  Non-Inscrits (NI)
  Vacant (1)
(fromPolitics of the European Union)
Image 15Boris Johnson Prime Minister of theUnited Kingdom from 2019 to 2022 (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 16Logo of theEuropean Parliament (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 17Meeting in theHall of Knights inThe Hague, during theCongress of Europe (9 May 1948) (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 18Ursula von der Leyen President of the European Commission
(since 1 December 2019) (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 19Percentage responding that their country on balance benefited from being a member of the EU atEurobarometer 2023:
  91–100%
  81–90%
  71–80%
  61–70%
  51–60%

(fromPolitics of the European Union)
Image 20TheSchuman Parade inWarsaw has been organised by theSchuman Foundation since 1999 (2008 photograph). (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 211922European flag of thePaneuropean Union (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 22Elaboration by sex (fromDemographics of the European Union)
Image 23The fertility rate in the EU was 1.38 in 2023 (Kindergarten in France). (fromDemographics of the European Union)
Image 24Population pyramid of the EU 27 in 2023 (fromDemographics of the European Union)
Image 25TheEuropean Coal and Steel Community's flag. (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 26A piece from the original manuscript. (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 27Europa regina inSebastian Münster's "Cosmographia", 1570 (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 28Theflag of Europe, emblem of both the Council of Europe and the European Union. (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 29Aristide Briand (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 30Logo of theCourt of Justice of the European Union (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 31Logo of theEuropean Council and theCouncil of the European Union (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 32TheEuro symbol shown asa sculpture outside theEuropean Central Bank (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 33José Manuel Barroso President of the European Commission (2004–2014) (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 34Newest state in yellow (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 35Logo of theEuropean Central Bank (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 36Donald Trump President of the United States (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 37Signatories of the 2007 declaration in dark blue. (fromSymbols of the European Union)
Image 38Organigram of the political system. The seven organs of the Union are in blue, national / intergovernmental elements in orange. (fromPolitics of the European Union)
Image 39Flag of the Western Union (fromHistory of the European Union)
Image 40After two devastating world wars, the political climate favoured an international unity that could preserve peace in Europe effectively (Hamburg, after a massiveAllied bombing in 1943 in the picture). (fromHistory of the European Union)

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European Union articles

History

Timeline

Predecessors

Defence policy

European Communities (1967–2009)

International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951) European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
European Economic Community (1958–1993) European Community (1993–2009)
European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)

Legislature	European Parliament President Vice-Presidents Secretariat Committees Elections Constituencies Political groups European political parties European political foundations Council of the European Union Presidency General Secretariat Eurogroup
Executive	European Council President Euro summit European Commission President Vice-Presidents Commissioners Directorates-General
Judiciary	Court of Justice of the European Union Court of Justice General Court
Central bank	European Central Bank President System of Central Banks Eurosystem
Supreme audit institution	European Court of Auditors Secretary-General

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EIB Group
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Agencies of the European Union

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Law

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Concepts	European integration Eurosphere Intergovernmentalism Multi-speed Europe Neofunctionalism Optimum currency area Supranational union Euroscepticism Euromyths Federalisation Pro-Europeanism Budget accountability Censorship Democratic legitimacy Differentiated integration Privileged partnership Potential superpower status
Policies	Area of freedom, security and justice Migration and asylum policy Schengen Area European Judicial Network (criminal matters) Citizenship passports identity card (list) Driving licence Vehicle registration plates Common Foreign and Security Policy Common Security and Defence Policy Permanent Structured Cooperation Enlargement Policy Neighbourhood Policy Global Strategy Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) Eurozone European banking union European Banking Supervision Single Resolution Mechanism Capital Markets Union European System of Financial Supervision Single market Agricultural policy Cultural policies Customs Union Educational policies Energy policy Environmental policy European Green Deal Fisheries policy Healthcare Health Insurance Card Labour mobility Regional development European Structural and Investment Funds Space policy Sport policies VAT Area
Foreign relations	Neighbourhood Policy European Economic Area EEA Joint Committee Energy Community European Political Community European Common Aviation Area European Higher Education Area EU/ESA Framework Agreement EU/ESA Space Council European Peace Facility Economic Partnership Agreements European Union Association Agreement Stabilisation and Association Process Eastern Partnership Euronest Parliamentary Assembly EU Gateway Programme EU Strategy for the South Caucasus Northern Dimension Union for the Mediterranean Global Strategy Free trade agreements Enlargement Current agenda Statistics