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Acity is ahuman settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agreed definition of the lower boundary for their size. In a narrower sense, a city can be defined as a permanent anddensely populated place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems forhousing,transportation,sanitation,utilities,land use,production of goods, andcommunication. Their density facilitates interaction between people,government organizations, andbusinesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving the efficiency of goods and service distribution.
Historically, city dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapidurbanization, more than half of theworld population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequences forglobal sustainability. Present-day cities usually form the core of largermetropolitan areas andurban areas—creating numerouscommuters traveling towardcity centres for employment, entertainment, and education. However, in a world of intensifyingglobalization, all cities are to varying degrees also connected globally beyond these regions. This increased influence means that cities also have significant influences onglobal issues, such assustainable development,climate change, andglobal health. Because of these major influences on global issues, the international community has prioritized investment insustainable cities throughSustainable Development Goal 11. Due to the efficiency of transportation and the smallerland consumption,dense cities hold the potential to have a smallerecological footprint per inhabitant than more sparsely populated areas. Therefore,compact cities are often referred to as a crucial element in fighting climate change. However, this concentration can also have some significant harmful effects, such as formingurban heat islands, concentratingpollution, and stressing water supplies and other resources. (Full article...)
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Brisbane (/ˈbrɪzbən/ ⓘBRIZ-bən;Turrbal/Yagara:Meanjin, Meaanjin, Maganjin or Magandjin) is thecapital and largest city of thestate ofQueensland and thethird-most populous city inAustralia, with a population of approximately 2.8 million. Brisbane lies at the centre ofSouth East Queensland, anurban agglomeration with a population of over 4 million. Thecentral business district is situated within a peninsula of theBrisbane River about 15 km (9 mi) from its mouth atMoreton Bay. Greater Brisbane sprawls over the hillyfloodplain of the Brisbane River Valley betweenPacific Ocean and theTaylor andD'Aguilarmountain ranges, encompassing severallocal government areas, most centrally theCity of Brisbane, the most populous local government area in Australia. Thedemonym of Brisbane isBrisbanite orBrisbaner.
TheMoreton Bay penal settlement was founded in 1824 atRedcliffe as a place for secondary offenders from theSydney colony, but in May 1825 moved toNorth Quay on the banks of the Brisbane River, so named for theGovernor of New South Wales SirThomas Brisbane.German Lutherans established the first free settlement ofZion Hill atNundah in 1838, and in 1859 Brisbane was chosen as Queensland's capital whenthe state separated fromNew South Wales. DuringWorld War II, theAllied command in theSouth West Pacific was based in the city, along with theheadquarters for GeneralDouglas MacArthur of the United States Army. (Full article...)
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Hamilton is a port city in theCanadian province ofOntario. Hamilton has a population of 569,353 as of the2021 Canadian census, and itscensus metropolitan area, which encompassesBurlington andGrimsby, has a population of 785,184. The city is situated approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest ofToronto in theGreater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA).
Conceived byGeorge Hamilton when he purchased theDurand farm shortly after theWar of 1812, the town of Hamilton became the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end ofLake Ontario known as theGolden Horseshoe. On January 1, 2001, the current boundaries of Hamilton were created through theamalgamation of the original city with other municipalities of theRegional Municipality of Hamilton–Wentworth. Residents of the city are known as Hamiltonians. (Full article...)
Principles of intelligent urbanism (PIU) is a theory ofurban planning composed of a set of ten axioms intended to guide the formulation of city plans and urban designs. They are intended to reconcile and integrate diverse urban planning and management concerns. These axioms includeenvironmentalsustainability,heritage conservation,appropriate technology, infrastructure-efficiency,placemaking,social access,transit-oriented development,regional integration,human scale, and institutional integrity. The term was coined by Prof.Christopher Charles Benninger.
The PIU evolved from the city planning guidelines formulated by theInternational Congress of Modern Architecture (CIAM), the urban design approaches developed at Harvard's pioneering Urban Design Department under the leadership ofJosep Lluis Sert, and the concerns enunciated byTeam Ten. It is most prominently seen in plans prepared byChristopher Charles Benninger and his numerous colleagues in the Asian context. They form the elements of the planning curriculum at the School of Planning,CEPT University,Ahmedabad, which Benninger founded in 1971. They were the basis for the new capital plan forThimphu,Bhutan. (Full article...)
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