Hu lived inNanjing during the transition from theMing dynasty to theQing dynasty. A Ming loyalist, he was offered a position at the rump court of theHongguang Emperor, but declined the post, and never held anything more than minor political office. He did, however, design the Hongguang Emperor's personalseal, and his loyalty to the dynasty was such that he largely retired from society after the emperor's capture and death in 1645. He owned and operated an academic publishing house called the Ten Bamboo Studio, in which he practised variousmulti-colour printing andembossing techniques, and he employed several members of his family in this enterprise. Hu's work at the Ten Bamboo Studio pioneered new techniques in colour printmaking, leading to delicate gradations of colour which were not previously achievable in this art form. (Full article...)
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Song dynasty river ship armed with atrebuchet catapult on its top deck, from theWujing Zongyao
TheBattle of Caishi (Chinese:采石之戰) was a major naval engagement of theJin–Song Wars of China that took place on November 26–27, 1161. It ended with a decisive Song victory, aided by their use of gunpowder weapons.
Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story is a 1993 American biographicaldrama film directed byRob Cohen. The film starsJason Scott Lee, with a supporting cast includingLauren Holly,Nancy Kwan, andRobert Wagner. The film follows the life of actor and martial artistBruce Lee (Jason) from his relocation to the United States from Hong Kong to his career as a martial arts teacher, and then as a television and film actor. It also focuses on the relationship between Bruce and his wifeLinda, and the racism to which Bruce was subjected.
The primary source of the screenplay is Cadwell's 1975 biographyBruce Lee: The Man Only I Knew. Other sources includeRobert Clouse's bookBruce Lee: The Biography and research by Cohen, including interviews with Cadwell and Bruce's son,Brandon Lee. Rather than a traditional biographical film, Cohen decided to include elements of mysticism and to dramatise fight scenes to give it the same tone as the films in which Bruce starred.Dragon was filmed primarily in Hong Kong, Los Angeles and San Francisco. (Full article...)
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A Yuan-era stele in the ruins of the Cross Temple. Another stele (left) and some scattered groundwork (right) are visible in the background.
TheCross Temple (Chinese:十字寺;pinyin:Shízì sì) is a formerplace of worship inFangshan, Beijing. The temple was used during different periods byBuddhists and earlyChinese Christians. Though it was originally built as a Buddhist temple, some scholars hypothesise that it saw Christian use during theTang dynasty (618–907). The temple was used by Buddhists during theLiao dynasty (916–1125) and by Christians during theYuan dynasty (1271–1368). It returned to Buddhist use during theMing dynasty (1368–1644), before being sold in 1911. It was first recorded in modern scholarship in 1919, damaged during theCultural Revolution, and re-established as a national-level protected site in 2006. Some scholars consider it to be the only place of worship of theChurch of the East (also known as Nestorian Christianity) discovered in China.
Today, the site features two ancient steles, as well as groundwork and the bases of several pillars. The steles date to the Liao and Yuan dynasties, but their inscriptions were tampered with during the Ming. During the early 20th century, two stone blocks carved with crosses and other patterns were also discovered at the site, with one of them also bearing an inscription inSyriac. The blocks are presently on display at theNanjing Museum. (Full article...)
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A statue depicting Zhang Heng at his tomb inNanyang, Henan province, China
Zhang Heng began his career as a minor civil servant inNanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stance on historical and calendrical issues led to his becoming a controversial figure, preventing him from rising to the status of Grand Historian. His political rivalry with the palaceeunuchs during the reign ofEmperor Shun (r. 125–144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator ofHejian Kingdom in present-dayHebei. Zhang returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. (Full article...)
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Choe Bu (Korean:최부, 1454–1504) was a Korean diarist, historian, politician, and travel writer during the earlyJoseon Dynasty. He was most well known for the account of his shipwrecked travels inChina from February to July 1488, during theMing dynasty (1368–1644). He was eventually banished from the Joseon court in 1498 and executed in 1504 duringtwo political purges. However, in 1506 he wasexonerated and given posthumous honors by the Joseon court.
Choe's diary accounts of his travels in China became widely printed during the 16th century in both Korea andJapan. Modern historians also refer to his written works, since his travel diary provides a unique outsider's perspective on Chinese culture in the 15th century. The attitudes and opinions expressed in his writing represent in part the standpoints and views of the 15th centuryConfucian Korean literati, who viewedChinese culture as compatible with and similar totheir own. His description of cities, people, customs, cuisines, and maritime commerce alongChina's Grand Canal provides insight into the daily life of China and how it differed betweennorthern and southern China during the 15th century. (Full article...)
Born in Los Angeles to second-generationTaishanese Chinese American parents, Wong became engrossed in films and decided at the age of 11 that she would become an actress. Her first role was as an extra in the movieThe Red Lantern (1919). During the silent film era, she acted inThe Toll of the Sea (1922), one of the first films made in color, and inDouglas Fairbanks'The Thief of Bagdad (1924). Wong became a fashion icon and had achieved international stardom in 1924. Wong had been one of the first to embrace theflapper look. In 1934, the Mayfair Mannequin Society of New York voted her the "world's best dressed woman." In the 1920s and 1930s, Wong was acclaimed as one of the top fashion icons. (Full article...)
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1830 depiction of Zhao
Zhao Chongguo (Chinese:趙充國;pinyin:Zhào Chōngguó, 137 BCE – 52 BCE) was a Chinese military commander and official during theWestern Han dynasty. Born to a family of officials in what is now easternGansu, Zhao studiedmilitary science in his youth. Around 100BCE, he joined the Feathered Forest, a recently-created elite cavalry unit recruited from the northwestern districts. He joined GeneralLi Guangli's campaign against theXiongnu confederation the following year, and was severely wounded in combat.Emperor Wu, impressed by Zhao's service, promoted him. He served as chief of staff for the supreme head of cavalry units. In 80BCE, Zhao was appointed to manage the imperial parks, and also controlled the minting ofcash coinage.
Phallus indusiatus, commonly called thebasket stinkhorn,bamboo mushrooms,bamboo pith,long net stinkhorn,crinoline stinkhorn,bridal veil, orveiled lady, is a species offungus in the familyPhallaceae, known as stinkhorns. First described scientifically in 1798 by French botanistÉtienne Pierre Ventenat, the species has often been referred to a separate genusDictyophora along with otherPhallus species featuring an indusium.
Thefruit body is characterised by a conical to bell-shaped cap on astalk and a delicate lacy "skirt", orindusium, that hangs from beneath the cap and reaches nearly to the ground. The mature fruit bodies are up to 25 centimetres (10 inches) tall with a conical to bell-shapedcap that is 1.5–4 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 in) wide. The cap is covered with a greenish-brownspore-containing slime, which attracts flies and other insects that eat the spores and disperse them.P. indusiatus can be distinguished from similar species by differences indistribution, size, colour, and indusium length. (Full article...)
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Engravings on a cliff-side near a widely accepted candidate site for the battlefield, in the vicinity ofChibi, Hubei. The engravings are at least 1000 years old, and include the Chinese characters赤壁 ('red cliffs') written fromright to left.
TheBattle of Red Cliffs, also known as theBattle of Chibi, was a decisive naval battle in China that took place during the winter of 208–209 AD. It was fought on theYangtze River between the forces of warlords controlling different parts of the country during theend of the Han dynasty. The allied forces ofSun Quan,Liu Bei, andLiu Qi based south of the Yangtze defeated the numerically superior forces of the northern warlordCao Cao. By doing so, Liu Bei and Sun Quan prevented Cao Cao from conquering any lands south of the Yangtze, frustrating Cao Cao's efforts to reunify the territories formerly held by theEastern Han dynasty.
The allied victory at Red Cliffs ensured the survival of Liu Bei and Sun Quan and left them in control of the Yangtze, establishing defensible frontiers that would later serve as the basis for the states ofShu Han andEastern Wu during theThree Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Historians have arrived at different conclusions in their attempts to reconstruct the timeline of events at Red Cliffs. The location of the battlefield itself remains a subject of debate: most scholars consider either a location southwest of present-dayWuhan, or a location northeast of Baqiu in present-dayYueyang, Hunan as plausible candidate sites for the battle. The battle has been the subject of or influenced numerous poems, dramas, movies and games. (Full article...)
Felice Beato (c. 1832 – 29 January 1909), also known asFelix Beato, was an Italian–British photographer. He was one of the first people to take photographs in East Asia and one of the firstwar photographers as well as a pioneer oftravel photography. He is noted for hisgenre works, portraits, and views andpanoramas of the architecture and landscapes of Asia and theMediterranean region. Beato's travels gave him opportunities to create images of countries, people, and events unfamiliar and remote to most people in Europe and North America. His works provide images of such events as theIndian Rebellion of 1857 and theSecond Opium War, and represent the first substantial body ofphotojournalism. He influenced other photographers; and his impact in Japan, where he taught and worked with numerous other photographers and artists, was particularly deep and lasting. (Full article...)
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The field shortly after the start.
The men's road race, a part of thecycling events at the2008 Summer Olympics, took place on August 9 at theUrban Road Cycling Course inBeijing. It started at 11:00 China Standard Time (UTC+8), and was scheduled to last until 17:30 later that day. The 245.4-kilometre (152.5 mi) course ran north across the heart of the Beijing metropolitan area, passing such landmarks as theTemple of Heaven, theGreat Hall of the People,Tiananmen Square and theBeijing National Stadium. After rolling over relatively flat terrain for 78.8 km (49.0 mi) north of the Beijing city center, the route entered a decisive circuit encompassing seven loops on a 23.8 km (14.8 mi) section up and down theBadaling Pass, including ramps as steep as a 10 percent gradient.
The race was won by the Spanish riderSamuel Sánchez in 6 hours, 23 minutes, 49 seconds, after a six-man breakaway group contested a sprint finish. It was the first medal in the men's individual road race for Spain.Davide Rebellin of Italy andFabian Cancellara of Switzerland, finishing second and third place with the same time as Sánchez, received silver and bronze medals respectively for the event. The hot and humid conditions were in sharp contrast to the heavy rain weathered in thewomen's road race the following day. (Full article...)
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Rob-B-Hood (traditional Chinese:寶貝計劃;simplified Chinese:宝贝计划, also known asRobin-B-Hood, literally: Baby Project) is a 2006Hong Kong action comedy drama film written, produced and directed byBenny Chan, feature an ensemble cast includeJackie Chan,Louis Koo,Yuen Biao,Michael Hui,Gao Yuanyuan,Charlene Choi,Chen Baoguo and Matthew Medvedev. It tells the story of a kidnapping gone wrong in Hong Kong; a trio of burglars consisting of Thongs (Chan), Octopus (Koo) and the Landlord (Hui) kidnap a baby from a wealthy family on behalf oftriads. With the Landlord arrested, Thongs and Octopus take care of the baby for a short time, developing strong bonds with him. Reluctant to hand the baby over, the two are forced to protect him from the triads who hired them in the first place.
Originally announced in 2005, the film marked Benny Chan's third collaboration with Jackie Chan, followingWho Am I? andNew Police Story. It was produced with a budget of HK$16.8 million and filming took place in Hong Kong between December 2005 and January 2006.Rob-B-Hood is the first film in over 30 years in which Jackie Chan plays as athief. (Full article...)
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A Western Han paintedceramic jar with raised reliefs ofdragons,phoenixes, andtaotie designs TheHan dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) was the secondimperial dynasty of China, following theQin dynasty (221–207 BC). It was divided into the periods of Western (Former) Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and Eastern (Later) Han (25–220 AD), briefly interrupted by theXin dynasty (9–23 AD) ofWang Mang. The capital of Western Han wasChang'an, and the capital of Eastern Han wasLuoyang. Theemperor headed the government,promulgating all written laws, serving ascommander-in-chief of thearmed forces, and presiding as the chief executive official. He appointed all government officials who earned a salary of 600bushels of grain or more (though these salaries were largely paid incoin cash) with the help of advisors who reviewed each nominee. Theempress dowager could either be the emperor's actual or symbolic mother, and was in practice more respected than the emperor, as she could override his decisions; she could even make decisions on behalf of the emperor in dilemma matters of the country or for the order and continuation of the dynasty. If necessary, with the support of the courtiers, she would decide on his successor or his dismissal, although such a challenge was only raised by the empress dowager to the emperor during the emperor's youth or incapacity. The emperor's executive powers could also be practiced by any official upon whom he bestowed the Staff of Authority. These powers included the right to execute criminals without the imperial court's permission.
Zeng Laishun (13 September 1826 – 2 June 1895) was a Chineseinterpreter, businessman, and educator. He was among the firstChinese people to study at a foreign college. Born inSingapore to aTeochew father and aMalay mother, he was orphaned as a young child. He was educated by theAmerican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, a Christian missionary organization, where he converted to Christianity. He was sent to the US in 1843, and in 1846 was admitted toHamilton College, but he did not graduate due to a lack of funds. Zeng subsequently traveled to China.
After several years working as a missionary assistant inGuangzhou, he left with his family to pursue a trading career inShanghai. In 1866, Zeng was hired by the local Fuzhou government as anEnglish language instructor at the newly establishedFuzhou Navy Yard School. Seeking to gain experience with Western practices and institutions, the imperial government began theChinese Educational Mission in 1871, amassing a group of 120 Chinese boys to study in the US. He worked as an interpreter and English tutor for the mission under bureaucratChen Lanbin and Zeng's colleagueYung Wing. He returned to the US in 1872, where he was frequently and erroneously hailed as the "Chinese Commissioner of Education". (Full article...)
Hunan cuisine, also known asXiang cuisine, consists of the cuisines of theXiang River region,Dongting Lake and westernHunan Province in China. It is one of the Eight Great Traditions ofChinese cuisine and is well known for its hot and spicy flavours, fresh aroma and deep colours. Despite this, only about 20% of the cuisine usescapsicum to produce a strong spicy taste. Common cooking techniques includestewing,frying, pot-roasting,braising andsmoking. Due to the high agricultural output of the region, many different ingredients are used in Hunan dishes. (Full article...)
This is agood article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.
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Xu in 1940
Xu Lai (Chinese:徐来;Wade–Giles:Hsü Lai; 1909 – 4 April 1973) was a Chinese film actress, socialite, and World War IIsecret agent. Known as the "Standard Beauty", she was active in the film industry for only three years, and quit acting after the suicide of the great starRuan Lingyu in 1935. Her first husband wasLi Jinhui, the "Father of Chinese pop music".
A statue of the Buddha representing Emperor Taiwu. TheNorthern Celestial Masters are an evolution of theDaoistWay of the Celestial Master (simplified Chinese:天师道;traditional Chinese:天師道;pinyin:Tiān Shī Dào) in the north ofChina during theSouthern and Northern Dynasties. The Northern Celestial Masters were a continuation of the Way as it had been practiced inSichuan province byZhang Lu and his followers. After the community was forced to relocate in 215 CE, a group of Celestial Masters established themselves in Northern China.Kou Qianzhi, from a family who followed the Celestial Master, brought a new version of Celestial Master Daoism to theNorthern Wei. The Northern Wei government embraced his form of Daoism and established it as the state religion, thereby creating a new Daoisttheocracy that lasted until 450 CE. The arrival ofBuddhism had great influence on the Northern Celestial Masters, bringing monasticism and influencing the diet of practitioners. Art produced in areas dominated by the Northern Celestial Masters also began to show Buddhist influence. When the theocracy collapsed, many Daoists fled to Louguan, which quickly became an important religious center. The Northern Celestial Masters survived as a distinct school at Louguan until the late 7th century CE, when they became integrated into the wider Daoist movement. (Full article...)
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Performing rituals for the 2020 Chinese New Year's eve in Indonesia
Chinese Indonesians (Indonesian:Orang Tionghoa Indonesia,simplified Chinese:印度尼西亚华人;traditional Chinese:印度尼西亞華人;pinyin:Yìndùníxīyà huárén), also known asChindo (slang),Orang Tionghoa or simplyTionghoa, areIndonesians whose ancestors arrived fromChina at some stage in the last eight centuries. While their long-standing presence is well established, Indonesia’s 2020 national census does not systematically record ethnic data, making precise estimates of the Chinese Indonesian population difficult.
The2010 census, the most recent Indonesian census to record ethnic categories, reported 2,832,510 Chinese Indonesians. More recent estimates differ considerably, with Indonesiandemographic experts estimating around 3.28 million, while theTaiwan-basedOverseas Community Affairs Council estimates as many as 11.15 million. Depending on which estimate is used, they could represent either the fourth largest or the largestoverseas Chinese community in the world. (Full article...)
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Ink wash painting (simplified Chinese:水墨画;traditional Chinese:水墨畫;pinyin:shuǐmòhuà) is a type of Chineseink brush painting which useswashes ofblack ink, such as that used inEast Asian calligraphy, in different concentrations. It emerged during theTang dynasty of China (618–907), and overturned earlier, morerealistic techniques. It is typicallymonochrome, using only shades of black, with a great emphasis onvirtuoso brushwork and conveying the perceived "spirit" or "essence" of a subject over directimitation. Ink wash painting flourished from theSong dynasty in China (960–1279) onwards, as well as in Japan after it was introduced byZen Buddhist monks in the14th century. Some Western scholars divide Chinese painting (including ink wash painting) into three periods: times of representation, times of expression, and historical Oriental art. Chinese scholars have their own views which may be different; they believe that contemporary Chinese ink wash paintings are the pluralistic continuation of multiple historical traditions.
In China, Japan and, to a lesser extent, Korea, ink wash painting formed a distinct stylistic tradition with a different set of artists working in it than from those in other types of painting. In China especially it was a gentlemanly occupation associated with poetry andcalligraphy. It was often produced by thescholar-official or literati class, ideally illustrating their own poetry and producing the paintings as gifts for friends or patrons, rather than painting for payment. In practice a talented painter often had an advantage in climbing the bureaucratic ladder. In Korea, painters were less segregated, and more willing to paint in two techniques, such as mixing areas of colour with monochrome ink, for example in painting the faces of figures. (Full article...)
The book received both acclaim and criticism by the public and by academics. It has been praised as a work that "shows more clearly than any previous account" the extent and brutality of the episode, while elements of Chang's analysis of the motivations for the events, Japanese culture, and her calculation of the total numbers killed and raped were criticized as inaccurate because of her lack of training as a historian. Chang's research on the book was credited with the finding of the diaries ofJohn Rabe andMinnie Vautrin, both of whom played important roles in theNanking Safety Zone, a designated area in Nanjing that protected Chinese civilians during the Nanjing Massacre. (Full article...)
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Clockwise from top-left: Chiang inspecting soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army; NRA troops marching north; an NRA artillery unit in combat; civilians showing support for the NRA; peasants volunteering to join the expedition; NRA soldiers preparing to launch an attack.
The second phase of the Expedition began in January 1928, when Chiang resumed command. By April 1928, the nationalist forces had advanced to theYellow River. With the assistance of allied warlords, includingYan Xishan andFeng Yuxiang, the nationalist forces secured a series of decisive victories against theBeiyang Army. As they approachedBeijing,Zhang Zuolin, leader of theManchuria-basedFengtian clique, was forced to flee andwas later assassinated shortly thereafter by the Japanese. His son,Zhang Xueliang, took over as the leader of the Fengtian clique, and in December 1928, announced that Manchuria wouldaccept the authority of the nationalist government in Nanjing. With the final piece of China under KMT control, the Northern Expedition concluded successfully and China was reunified, heralding the start of theNanjing decade. (Full article...)
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MacMurray in November 1924
John Van Antwerp MacMurray (October 6, 1881 – September 25, 1960) was an American attorney, author and diplomat best known as one of the leading China experts in the U.S. government. He served as Assistant Secretary of State from November 1924 to May 1925, and was subsequently appointed Minister to theRepublic of China in 1925. Although MacMurray had coveted the China post, he soon fell into disagreement with theState Department over U.S. policy towards the ruling theNationalist government. He resigned the position in 1929 and briefly left the foreign service. Following several years in academia, MacMurray returned to the State Department to become Minister to Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 1933 to 1936. He later served as ambassador to Turkey from 1936 to 1941, and then was made a special assistant to the Secretary of State until his retirement in 1944.
In 1935, MacMurray was commissioned to write a memorandum on the conflict between China and Japan. In it, he suggested that the United States, China, and Great Britain were partly to blame for Japan's invasion of China, and argued that unless the United States stopped opposing Japanese domination of China, a war between the two powers was likely. Japan laterattacked the United States at Pearl Harbor in December 1941, drawing the US intoWorld War II. (Full article...)
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Chinese First Phase Offensive, 25 October – 1 November 1950
TheBattle of Pakchon (5 November 1950), also known as theBattle of Bochuan (Chinese:博川战斗;pinyin:Bó Chuān Zhàn Dòu), took place ten days after the start of the ChineseFirst Phase Offensive, following the entry of the ChinesePeople's Volunteer Army (PVA) into theKorean War. The offensive reversed theUnited Nations Command (UN)advance towards the Yalu River which had occurred after their intervention in the wake of theNorth Korean invasion ofSouth Korea at the start of the war. The battle was fought between British and Australian forces from the27th British Commonwealth Brigade with American armour and artillery in support, and the PVA117th Division of the39th Army, around the village ofPakchon on theTaeryong River. Aftercapturing Chongju on 30 October the British and Australians had been ordered to pull back to Pakchon in an attempt to consolidate the western flank of the USEighth Army. Meanwhile, immediately following theirsuccess at Unsan against the Americans, the PVA 117th Division had attacked southward, intending to cut off the UN forces as they withdrew in the face of the unexpected PVA assault. To halt the PVA advance, the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade was ordered to defend the lower crossings of the Taeryong andChongchon rivers as part of a rearguard, in conjunction with the US24th Infantry Division further upstream on the right.
During the night of 4/5 November, the PVA andKorean People's Army (KPA) mounted a full-scale assault on the US 24th Infantry Division, pushing back an American infantry regiment nearly 2 kilometres (1.2 mi). The PVA/KPA force subsequently turned west, advancing between the Taeryong and Chongchon rivers and threatening the rear of the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade by cutting the Pakchon–Sinanju road. The following day they attacked an American artillery battery which was guarding a vital concrete bridge near Kujin. The British and Australians then successfullycounter-attacked the PVA forces occupying a number of nearby ridgelines during the day but were in turn counter-attacked before being pushed off the high ground during the night. In their first battle with the PVA, the3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR) captured a well defended hill with only limitedoffensive support, and held it in the face of heavy counter-attacks before confused command decisions resulted in a disorganised night withdrawal while still in contact. The withdrawal threatened to open the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade's left flank and the Australians were ordered to immediately reposition on the ridge, yet ultimately it was too late to regain the feature in darkness. However, following heavy fighting the pressure on the Australians unexpectedly ceased after midnight, and parties of PVA were observed beginning to withdraw. By early morning the PVA attack had been checked and 3 RAR had redeployed to new positions in thepaddy fields around the railway crossing north of Maenjung-dong. (Full article...)
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Xi'an City Wall
Thefortifications of Xi'an inShaanxi, also known as theXi'an City Wall (Chinese:西安城墙,Xī'ān Chéngqiáng), represent one of the oldest, largest, and best preservedChinese city walls. It was built under the rule of theHongwu Emperor of theMingdynasty to protect the city from theNorthern Yuan and potential unrest. It exhibits the "complete features of the rampart architecture of feudal society". It has been refurbished many times since it was first built in the 14th century with the most important three reconstructions occurring in the late 1500s, in the late 1700s, and in 1983. The wall encloses an area of about 14 square kilometres (5.4 mi2).
The Xi'an City Wall is on the tentative list ofUNESCO'sWorld Heritage Sites under the title "City Walls of the Ming and Qing Dynasties". Since 2008, it is also on the list of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of thePeople's Republic of China. Since March 1961, the Xi'an City Wall is a heritage National Historical and Cultural Unit. (Full article...)
Map of the situation in China during the transition from the Sui to the Tang, with the main contenders for the throne and the main military operations
TheBattle of Yanshi (Chinese:偃師之戰) was fought on 5–6 October 618 between the armies ofWang Shichong andLi Mi, rival contenders for the succession of theSui dynasty. Wang, who was still ostensibly a Sui loyalist and had been blockaded inLuoyang for months by Li, gambled on a decisive battle and led his troops out to attack the besieging army. Li assembled his forces on a naturally defensible position north ofYanshi town, but Wang managed to surprise Li's forces and approach their camp before they could react. Aided by a secondary cavalry attack from the rear, Wang secured a decisive victory over Li's forces. Although Li managed to escape with part of his army, his authority was shattered, and his followers joined Wang. While Li sought refuge in the rivalTang court, Wang consolidated his control overHenan and eventually deposed the Sui puppet rulerYang Tong and declared himself as emperor of the new Zheng dynasty. Wang's power lasted until his surrender to the Tang princeLi Shimin in 621, and Li Mi was captured and executed bySheng Yanshi [zh]. (Full article...)
The species was originally described as apitcher plant with close affinities toextant members of thefamilySarraceniaceae. This would make it the earliest knowncarnivorous plant and the only known fossil record of Sarraceniaceae, or the New World pitcher plant family.Archaeamphora is also one of the three oldest knowngenera ofangiosperms (flowering plants). Li (2005) wrote that "the existence of a so highly derived Angiosperm in the Early Cretaceous suggests that Angiosperms should have originated much earlier, maybe back to 280 mya as themolecular clock studies suggested". (Full article...)
Image 11Gilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon, tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer. Its body enveloped in sacred flames. Detail from Entrance of General Zu Dashou Tomb (Ming Tomb). (fromChinese culture)
Image 47Flag of the Republic of China from 1928 to now (fromHistory of China)
Image 48Relief of afenghuang in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). They are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds. (fromChinese culture)
Image 49Red lanterns are hung from the trees during the Chinese New Year celebrations in Ditan Park (Temple of Earth) in Beijing. (fromChinese culture)
Image 55Chinese polities in the late 5th century BC, before the breakup of Jin and the Qin move into Sichuan. (fromHistory of China)
Image 56Main hall and tea house in Dunedin Chinese Garden (fromChinese culture)
Image 57People's Republic of China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing (fromHistory of China)
Image 58Photo showing serving chopsticks (gongkuai) on the far right, personal chopsticks (putongkuai) in the middle, and a spoon. Serving chopsticks are usually more ornate than the personal ones. (fromChinese culture)
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ThePresident of the Republic of China is the head of state of theRepublic of China (ROC).
TheConstitution names the president as head of state and commander-in-chief of theRepublic of China Armed Forces (formerly known as theNational Revolutionary Army). The president is responsible for conducting foreign relations, such as concluding treaties, declaring war, and making peace. The president must promulgate all laws and has no right to veto. Other powers of the president include granting amnesty, pardon or clemency, declaring martial law, and conferring honors and decorations.
The current President isLai Ching-te(pictured), since May 20, 2024. Lai is a Taiwanese politician and former physician, who is currently serving as the eighth president of the Republic of China under the1947 Constitution and the third president from theDemocratic Progressive Party (DPP).
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