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The Baseball Portal

Los Angeles Angels center fielderMike Trout hits ahome run off a pitch fromNew York Mets pitcherTommy Milone on May 21, 2017.

Baseball is abat-and-ballsport played between twoteams of nine players each, taking turnsbatting andfielding. The game occurs over the course of severalplays, with each play beginning when a player on thefielding team, called thepitcher, throws aball that a player on thebatting team, called thebatter, tries to hit with abat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run thebases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called "runs". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becomingrunners, and to prevent runnersadvancing around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter).

The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding; the batting team's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs. One turn batting for each team constitutes aninning. A game is usually composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins. Most games end after the ninth inning, but if scores are tied at that point,extra innings are usually played. Baseball has no game clock, though some competitions featurepace-of-play regulations such as apitch clock to shorten game time.

Baseballevolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America,where the modern version developed. Baseball's American origins, as well as its reputation as a source ofescapism during troubled points in American history such as theAmerican Civil War and theGreat Depression, have led the sport to receive the moniker of "America's Pastime"; since the late 19th century, it has been unofficially recognized as thenational sport of theUnited States, though in modern times is consideredless popular than other sports, such asAmerican football. In addition toNorth America, baseball spread throughout the rest of the Americas and the Asia–Pacific in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is now considered the most popular sport in parts ofCentral andSouth America, theCaribbean, andEast Asia, particularly inJapan,South Korea, andTaiwan. (Full article...)

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  • Image 1 The home plate entrance Riders Field, formerly known as Dr Pepper/Seven Up Ballpark and Dr Pepper Ballpark, is a baseball park in Frisco, Texas, United States. The home of the Double-A Frisco RoughRiders of the Texas League, it opened on April 3, 2003, and can seat up to 10,216 people. Though primarily a venue for Minor League Baseball games, the facility also hosts high school and college baseball tournaments, and other public and private events throughout the year. It has been the site of three Texas League All-Star Games. Since its opening, Riders Field has won awards and garnered praise for its unique design, feel, and numerous amenities. In his design, park architect David M. Schwarz desired the creation of a village-like "park within a (ball)park". The stadium received the 2003 Texas Construction Award for Best Architectural Design. (Full article...)
    Image 1

    The home plate entrance

    Riders Field, formerly known asDr Pepper/Seven Up Ballpark andDr Pepper Ballpark, is abaseball park inFrisco, Texas, United States. The home of theDouble-AFrisco RoughRiders of theTexas League, it opened on April 3, 2003, and can seat up to 10,216 people. Though primarily a venue forMinor League Baseball games, the facility also hosts high school and college baseball tournaments, and other public and private events throughout the year. It has been the site of three Texas League All-Star Games.

    Since its opening, Riders Field has won awards and garnered praise for its unique design, feel, and numerous amenities. In his design, park architectDavid M. Schwarz desired the creation of a village-like "park within a (ball)park". The stadium received the 2003Texas Construction Award for Best Architectural Design. (Full article...)
  • Image 2 Adams circa 1870 Daniel Lucius "Doc" Adams (November 1, 1814 – January 3, 1899) was an American baseball player and executive who is regarded by historians as an important figure in the sport's early years. For most of his career he was a member of the New York Knickerbockers. He first played for the New York Base Ball Club in 1840 and started his Knickerbockers career five years later, continuing to play for the club into his forties and to take part in inter-squad practice games and matches against opposing teams. Researchers have called Adams the creator of the shortstop position, which he used to field short throws from outfielders. In addition to his playing career, Adams manufactured baseballs and oversaw bat production; he also occasionally acted as an umpire. From 1847 to 1861, the Knickerbockers selected Adams as their president six times, and as a vice president, treasurer, or director in six other years. As president of the club, Adams was an advocate of rule changes in baseball that resulted in nine-man teams and nine-inning games. When the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) was formed in 1858, he led the rules and regulations committee of the new organization. In his role, Adams ruled that the fields' bases should be 90 feet (27 m) apart, the modern distance, and supported the elimination of the "bound rule", which allowed for balls caught after one bounce to be recorded as outs. He resigned from his positions with the Knickerbockers and NABBP in 1862. Adams' contributions in creating baseball's rules went largely unrecognized for decades after his 1899 death, but in 1980 a letter about him appeared in The New York Times; by 1993, researcher John Thorn had written about Adams' role. Other historians have given him credit for helping to develop the sport, and Thorn has called Adams "first among the Fathers of Baseball". (Full article...)
    Image 2

    Adams circa 1870

    Daniel Lucius "Doc"Adams (November 1, 1814 – January 3, 1899) was an Americanbaseball player and executive who is regarded by historians as an important figure in the sport's early years. For most of his career he was a member of theNew York Knickerbockers. He first played for the New York Base Ball Club in 1840 and started his Knickerbockers career five years later, continuing to play for the club into his forties and to take part in inter-squad practice games and matches against opposing teams. Researchers have called Adams the creator of theshortstop position, which he used to field short throws fromoutfielders. In addition to his playing career, Adams manufactured baseballs and oversawbat production; he also occasionally acted as anumpire.

    From 1847 to 1861, the Knickerbockers selected Adams as their president six times, and as a vice president, treasurer, or director in six other years. As president of the club, Adams was an advocate of rule changes in baseball that resulted in nine-man teams and nine-inning games. When theNational Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) was formed in 1858, he led the rules and regulations committee of the new organization. In his role, Adams ruled that the fields'bases should be 90 feet (27 m) apart, the modern distance, and supported the elimination of the "bound rule", which allowed for balls caught after one bounce to be recorded asouts. He resigned from his positions with the Knickerbockers and NABBP in 1862. Adams' contributions in creating baseball's rules went largely unrecognized for decades after his 1899 death, but in 1980 a letter about him appeared inThe New York Times; by 1993, researcherJohn Thorn had written about Adams' role. Other historians have given him credit for helping to develop the sport, and Thorn has called Adams "first among the Fathers of Baseball". (Full article...)
  • Image 3 Morgan Gardner Bulkeley (December 26, 1837 – November 6, 1922) was an American politician of the Republican Party, businessman, and insurance executive. In 1876, he served as the first president of baseball's National League and, because of that, was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937, a choice that remains controversial, since his time as a baseball executive was short. Bulkeley was born in East Haddam, Connecticut. His father was Judge Eliphalet Adams Bulkeley, a prominent local lawyer and businessman, who became the first president of the Aetna Life Insurance Company. The family moved to Hartford, where Morgan Bulkeley was educated, before he took a job in the city of Brooklyn, New York. He served briefly in the American Civil War, where he saw no combat. When his father died in 1872, he moved back to Hartford and became a bank president and a board member of Aetna, becoming its president in 1879, a post he held the rest of his life. (Full article...)
    Image 3

    Morgan Gardner Bulkeley (December 26, 1837 – November 6, 1922) was an American politician of theRepublican Party, businessman, and insurance executive. In 1876, he served as the first president ofbaseball'sNational League and, because of that, was inducted into theNational Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937, a choice that remains controversial, since his time as a baseball executive was short.

    Bulkeley was born inEast Haddam, Connecticut. His father was JudgeEliphalet Adams Bulkeley, a prominent local lawyer and businessman, who became the first president of theAetna Life Insurance Company. The family moved to Hartford, where Morgan Bulkeley was educated, before he took a job in the city ofBrooklyn, New York. He served briefly in theAmerican Civil War, where he saw no combat. When his father died in 1872, he moved back to Hartford and became a bank president and a board member of Aetna, becoming its president in 1879, a post he held the rest of his life. (Full article...)
  • Image 4 Orval Grove in 1948 Orval Leroy Grove (August 29, 1919 – April 20, 1992) was an American professional baseball player. He was a pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) for ten seasons in the American League with the Chicago White Sox. In 207 career games, Grove pitched 1,176 innings and posted a win–loss record of 63–73, with 66 complete games, 11 shutouts, and a 3.78 earned run average (ERA). The only freshman on the Proviso Township High School varsity baseball team, Grove's pitching ability attracted the attention of the White Sox. After signing with the team in 1937, Grove moved between the major leagues and minor leagues for a few seasons until 1943, when he found a solid place in the White Sox's pitching rotation. Grove had a career-year in 1943, finishing the season with career-bests in ERA, wins, and complete games; in 1944, he made his only All-Star appearance. (Full article...)
    Image 4

    Orval Grove in 1948

    Orval Leroy Grove (August 29, 1919 – April 20, 1992) was an American professionalbaseball player. He was apitcher inMajor League Baseball (MLB) for ten seasons in theAmerican League with theChicago White Sox. In 207 career games, Grove pitched 1,176innings and posted awin–loss record of 63–73, with 66complete games, 11shutouts, and a 3.78earned run average (ERA).

    The only freshman on theProviso Township High School varsity baseball team, Grove's pitching ability attracted the attention of the White Sox. After signing with the team in 1937, Grove moved between the major leagues andminor leagues for a few seasons until 1943, when he found a solid place in the White Sox's pitching rotation. Grove had a career-year in 1943, finishing the season with career-bests in ERA, wins, and complete games; in 1944, he made his onlyAll-Star appearance. (Full article...)
  • Image 5 First Horizon Park at dusk First Horizon Park, formerly known as First Tennessee Park, is a baseball park in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The home of the Triple-A Nashville Sounds of the International League, it opened on April 17, 2015, and can seat up to 10,000 people. It replaced the Sounds' former home, Herschel Greer Stadium, where the team played from its founding in 1978 through 2014. The park was built on the site of the former Sulphur Dell, a minor league ballpark in use from 1885 to 1963. It is located between Third and Fifth Avenues on the east and west (home plate, the pitcher's mound, and second base are directly in line with Fourth Avenue to the stadium's north and south) and between Junior Gilliam Way and Harrison Street on the north and south. The Nashville skyline can be seen from the stadium to the south. (Full article...)
    Image 5

    First Horizon Park at dusk

    First Horizon Park, formerly known asFirst Tennessee Park, is abaseball park in downtownNashville, Tennessee, United States. The home of theTriple-ANashville Sounds of theInternational League, it opened on April 17, 2015, and can seat up to 10,000 people. It replaced the Sounds' former home,Herschel Greer Stadium, where the team played from its founding in 1978 through 2014.

    The park was built on the site of the formerSulphur Dell, aminor league ballpark in use from 1885 to 1963. It is located between Third and Fifth Avenues on the east and west (home plate, the pitcher's mound, and second base are directly in line with Fourth Avenue to the stadium's north and south) and betweenJunior Gilliam Way and Harrison Street on the north and south. The Nashville skyline can be seen from the stadium to the south. (Full article...)
  • Image 6 Johnson in 2022 Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959) is an American businessman and former professional basketball player. Often regarded as the greatest point guard of all time, Johnson spent his entire career with the Los Angeles Lakers in the National Basketball Association (NBA). After winning a national championship with the Michigan State Spartans in 1979, Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers, then led the team to five NBA championships during their "Showtime" era. Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV, but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game, winning the All-Star MVP Award. He retired again after fellow players protested his return, but returned in 1996, at age 36, to play 32 games for the Lakers before retiring for the third and final time. Known for his extraordinary court vision, passing abilities, and leadership, Johnson was one of the most dominant players of his era. He received three NBA Most Valuable Player Awards, three NBA Finals MVP awards, nine All-NBA First Team designations, and twelve All-Star Game selections. He led the league in regular-season assists four times. He holds the NBA records for average assists per game in the regular season (11.19) and in the playoffs (12.35 assists per game). He also holds the NBA playoffs records for most career assists and triple-doubles. Johnson was the co-captain of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team ("The Dream Team"), which won the Olympic gold medal in Barcelona. Johnson is one of eight players to achieve the basketball Triple Crown. After leaving the NBA in 1991, he formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars, a barnstorming team that traveled around the world playing exhibition games. (Full article...)
    Image 6

    Johnson in 2022

    Earvin "Magic"Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959) is an American businessman and former professionalbasketball player. Often regarded as the greatestpoint guard of all time, Johnsonspent his entire career with theLos Angeles Lakers in theNational Basketball Association (NBA). After winning anational championship with theMichigan State Spartans in1979, Johnson was selectedfirst overall in the1979 NBA draft by the Lakers, then led the team to fiveNBA championships during their "Showtime" era. Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contractedHIV, but returned to play in the1992 All-Star Game, winning theAll-Star MVP Award. He retired again after fellow players protested his return, but returned in 1996, at age 36, to play 32 games for the Lakers before retiring for the third and final time.

    Known for his extraordinary court vision, passing abilities, and leadership, Johnson was one of the most dominant players of his era. He received threeNBA Most Valuable Player Awards, threeNBA Finals MVP awards, nineAll-NBA First Team designations, and twelveAll-Star Game selections. Heled the league in regular-season assists four times. He holds the NBA records for average assists per game in the regular season (11.19) and in the playoffs (12.35 assists per game). He also holds the NBA playoffs records for most careerassists andtriple-doubles. Johnson was the co-captain of the1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team ("The Dream Team"), which won theOlympic gold medal inBarcelona. Johnson is one of eight players to achieve thebasketball Triple Crown. After leaving the NBA in 1991, he formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars, abarnstorming team that traveled around the world playingexhibition games. (Full article...)
  • Image 7 Portrait c. 1925 William Harold Ponsford MBE (19 October 1900 – 6 April 1991) was an Australian cricketer. Usually playing as an opening batsman, he formed a successful and long-lived partnership opening the batting for Victoria and Australia with Bill Woodfull, his friend and state and national captain. Ponsford is the only player to twice break the world record for the highest individual score in first-class cricket; Ponsford and Brian Lara are the only cricketers to twice score 400 runs in an innings. Ponsford holds the Australian record for a partnership in Test cricket, set in 1934 in combination with Don Bradman (451 for 2nd wicket)—the man who broke many of Ponsford's other individual records. In fact, he along with Bradman set the record for the highest partnership ever for any wicket in Test cricket history when playing on away soil (451 runs for the second wicket) Despite being heavily built, Ponsford was quick on his feet and renowned as one of the finest ever players of spin bowling. His bat, much heavier than the norm and nicknamed "Big Bertha", allowed him to drive powerfully and he possessed a strong cut shot. However, critics questioned his ability against fast bowling, and the hostile short-pitched English bowling in the Bodyline series of 1932–33 was a contributing factor in his early retirement from cricket a year and a half later. Ponsford also represented his state and country in baseball, and credited the sport with improving his cricketing skills. (Full article...)
    Image 7

    Portraitc. 1925

    William Harold PonsfordMBE (19 October 1900 – 6 April 1991) was an Australiancricketer. Usually playing as anopening batsman, he formed a successful and long-livedpartnership opening the batting forVictoria andAustralia withBill Woodfull, his friend and state and national captain. Ponsford is the only player to twice break the world record for thehighest individual score infirst-class cricket; Ponsford andBrian Lara are the only cricketers to twice score400 runs in an innings. Ponsford holds the Australian record for a partnership inTest cricket, set in 1934 in combination withDon Bradman (451 for 2nd wicket)—the man who broke many of Ponsford's other individual records. In fact, he along with Bradman set the record for the highest partnership ever for any wicket in Test cricket history when playing on away soil (451 runs for the second wicket)

    Despite being heavily built, Ponsford was quick on his feet and renowned as one of the finest ever players ofspin bowling. His bat, much heavier than the norm and nicknamed "Big Bertha", allowed him todrive powerfully and he possessed a strongcut shot. However, critics questioned his ability againstfast bowling, and the hostileshort-pitched English bowling in theBodyline series of 1932–33 was a contributing factor in his early retirement from cricket a year and a half later. Ponsford also represented his state and country in baseball, and credited the sport with improving his cricketing skills. (Full article...)
  • Image 8 Art Houtteman in 1953 with the Detroit Tigers Arthur Joseph Houtteman (August 7, 1927 – May 6, 2003) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for 12 seasons in the American League with the Detroit Tigers, Cleveland Indians and Baltimore Orioles. In 325 career games, Houtteman pitched 1,555 innings and posted a win–loss record of 87–91, with 78 complete games, 14 shutouts, and a 4.14 earned run average (ERA). Known on the sandlot for his pitching motion, Houtteman was signed by scout Wish Egan in 1945 at 17 years of age. He was recruited by major league teams, and joined a Tigers pitching staff that had lost players to injuries and World War II. After moving between the major and minor leagues over the next few years, he was nearly killed in an automobile accident just before the 1949 season. Houtteman rebounded from his injuries and went on to win 15 games that season and made his only All-Star appearance in the following year. (Full article...)
    Image 8

    Art Houtteman in 1953 with the Detroit Tigers

    Arthur Joseph Houtteman (August 7, 1927 – May 6, 2003) was an American right-handedpitcher inMajor League Baseball who played for 12 seasons in theAmerican League with theDetroit Tigers,Cleveland Indians andBaltimore Orioles. In 325 career games, Houtteman pitched 1,555innings and posted awin–loss record of 87–91, with 78complete games, 14shutouts, and a 4.14earned run average (ERA).

    Known on thesandlot for his pitching motion, Houtteman was signed byscoutWish Egan in 1945 at 17 years of age. He was recruited by major league teams, and joined a Tigers pitching staff that had lost players to injuries and World War II. After moving between the major andminor leagues over the next few years, he was nearly killed in an automobile accident just before the 1949 season. Houtteman rebounded from his injuries and went on to win 15 games that season and made his onlyAll-Star appearance in the following year. (Full article...)
  • Image 9 Hornsby in 1921 Rogers Hornsby (April 27, 1896 – January 5, 1963), nicknamed "the Rajah", was an American baseball player, manager, and coach who played 23 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the St. Louis Cardinals (1915–1926, 1933), New York Giants (1927), Boston Braves (1928), Chicago Cubs (1929–1932), and St. Louis Browns (1933–1937). He was named the National League (NL)'s Most Valuable Player (MVP) twice, and was a member of one World Series championship team. Born in Winters, Texas, Hornsby played for several semi-professional and minor league teams. In 1915, he began his major league career with the St. Louis Cardinals and remained with the team for 12 seasons. During this period, Hornsby won his first MVP Award and the Cardinals won the 1926 World Series. He then spent one season with the New York Giants and another with the Boston Braves before being traded to the Chicago Cubs. He played with the Cubs for four years and won his second MVP Award before the team released him in 1932. Hornsby re-signed with the Cardinals in 1933, but was released partway through the season, effectively ending his career as a full-time player. He was picked up by the St. Louis Browns and remained there until his final season in 1937, though he made only 67 appearances for them as a player. From 1925 to 1937, Hornsby was intermittently a player-manager. After retiring as a player, he managed the Browns in 1952 and the Cincinnati Reds from 1952 to 1953. (Full article...)
    Image 9

    Hornsby in 1921

    Rogers Hornsby (April 27, 1896 – January 5, 1963), nicknamed "the Rajah", was an Americanbaseball player,manager, andcoach who played 23 seasons inMajor League Baseball (MLB). He played for theSt. Louis Cardinals (1915–1926, 1933),New York Giants (1927),Boston Braves (1928),Chicago Cubs (1929–1932), andSt. Louis Browns (1933–1937). He was named theNational League (NL)'sMost Valuable Player (MVP) twice, and was a member of oneWorld Series championship team.

    Born inWinters, Texas, Hornsby played for several semi-professional and minor league teams. In 1915, he began his major league career with the St. Louis Cardinals and remained with the team for 12 seasons. During this period, Hornsby won his first MVP Award and the Cardinals won the1926 World Series. He then spent one season with theNew York Giants and another with the Boston Braves before being traded to the Chicago Cubs. He played with the Cubs for four years and won his second MVP Award before the team released him in 1932. Hornsby re-signed with the Cardinals in 1933, but was released partway through the season, effectively ending his career as a full-time player. He was picked up by the St. Louis Browns and remained there until his final season in 1937, though he made only 67 appearances for them as a player. From 1925 to 1937, Hornsby was intermittently aplayer-manager. After retiring as a player, he managed the Browns in 1952 and theCincinnati Reds from 1952 to 1953. (Full article...)
  • Image 10 Adenhart pitching for the Salt Lake Bees in 2008 Nicholas James Adenhart (August 24, 1986 – April 9, 2009) was an American right-handed baseball starting pitcher who played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. In just four career games, Adenhart pitched 18 innings and posted a win-loss record of 1–0. A graduate of Williamsport High School, Adenhart was highly touted as a high school prospect until an injury in his final game required Tommy John surgery. The Angels drafted him in the 14th round of the 2004 Major League Baseball draft, and began playing in their minor league system after the surgery was a success. He spent three full seasons in the minor leagues before making his major league debut on May 1, 2008. After appearing in three games, Adenhart spent the rest of 2008 in the minor leagues developing his skills, and in 2009 he earned a spot in the Angels' starting rotation. (Full article...)
    Image 10

    Adenhart pitching for theSalt Lake Bees in 2008

    Nicholas James Adenhart (August 24, 1986 – April 9, 2009) was an Americanright-handed baseballstarting pitcher who played parts of two seasons inMajor League Baseball (MLB) for theLos Angeles Angels of Anaheim. In just four career games, Adenhart pitched 18 innings and posted a win-loss record of 1–0.

    A graduate ofWilliamsport High School, Adenhart was highly touted as a high school prospect until an injury in his final game requiredTommy John surgery. The Angels drafted him in the 14th round of the2004 Major League Baseball draft, and began playing in their minor league system after the surgery was a success. He spent three full seasons in the minor leagues before making his major league debut on May 1, 2008. After appearing in three games, Adenhart spent the rest of 2008 in the minor leagues developing his skills, and in 2009 he earned a spot in the Angels' starting rotation. (Full article...)
  • Image 11 KARE (channel 11) is a television station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, serving as the NBC affiliate for the Twin Cities area. Owned by Tegna Inc., the station maintains studios on Olson Memorial Highway (MN 55) in Golden Valley and a transmitter at the Telefarm Towers in Shoreview, Minnesota. Channel 11 began broadcasting on September 1, 1953. It was originally shared by WMIN-TV in St. Paul and WTCN-TV in Minneapolis; the two stations shared an affiliation with ABC and alternated presenting local programs. In 1955, Consolidated Television and Radio bought both stations and merged them as WTCN-TV from the Minneapolis studios in the Calhoun Beach Hotel. The station presented several regionally and nationally notable children's shows in its early years as well as local cooking, news, and sports programs. Time Inc. purchased the station in 1957. Under its ownership, ABC switched its affiliation to KMSP-TV (channel 9), leaving channel 11 to become an independent station that broadcast games of the Minnesota Twins baseball team, movies, and syndicated programs. This continued under two successive owners: Chris-Craft Industries and Metromedia. By the late 1970s, WTCN was one of the nation's most financially successful independent stations. (Full article...)
    Image 11

    KARE (channel 11) is atelevision station licensed toMinneapolis, Minnesota, United States, serving as theNBC affiliate for theTwin Cities area. Owned byTegna Inc., the station maintains studios on Olson Memorial Highway (MN 55) inGolden Valley and a transmitter at theTelefarm Towers inShoreview, Minnesota.

    Channel 11 began broadcasting on September 1, 1953. It was originally shared by WMIN-TV inSt. Paul and WTCN-TV in Minneapolis; the two stations shared an affiliation withABC and alternated presenting local programs. In 1955, Consolidated Television and Radio bought both stations and merged them as WTCN-TV from the Minneapolis studios in theCalhoun Beach Hotel. The station presented several regionally and nationally notable children's shows in its early years as well as local cooking, news, and sports programs.Time Inc. purchased the station in 1957. Under its ownership, ABC switched its affiliation toKMSP-TV (channel 9), leaving channel 11 to become anindependent station that broadcast games of theMinnesota Twins baseball team, movies, and syndicated programs. This continued under two successive owners:Chris-Craft Industries andMetromedia. By the late 1970s, WTCN was one of the nation's most financially successful independent stations. (Full article...)
  • Image 12 Ichiro Suzuki was the first high-profile NPB player (second overall) to use the posting system. The posting system (ポスティングシステム, posutingu shisutemu) is a baseball player transfer system that operates between Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and Major League Baseball (MLB). Despite the drafting of the United States – Japanese Player Contract Agreement, unveiled in 1967 to regulate NPB players moving to MLB, problems began to arise in the late 1990s. Some NPB teams lost star players without compensation, an issue highlighted when NPB stars Hideo Nomo and Alfonso Soriano left to play in MLB after using loopholes to void their existing contracts. A further problem was that NPB players had very little negotiating power if their teams decided to deal them to MLB, as when pitcher Hideki Irabu was traded to an MLB team for which he had no desire to play. In 1998, the Agreement was rewritten to address both problems; the result was dubbed the "posting system". Under this system, when an NPB player is "posted", his NPB team notifies the MLB Commissioner, with the posting fee based on the type of contract a player signs and its value. For minor-league contracts, the fee is a flat 25% of the contract's value; for MLB contracts, the fee is based on the value of the contract that the posted player eventually signs. The player is then given 30 days to negotiate with any MLB team willing to pay the NPB team's posting fee. If the player agrees on contract terms with a team before the 30-day period has expired, the NPB team receives the posting fee from the signing MLB team as a transfer fee, and the player is free to play in MLB. If no MLB team comes to a contract agreement with the posted player, then no fee is paid, and the player's rights revert to his NPB team. The current process replaced one in which MLB held a silent auction during which MLB teams submitted sealed, uncapped bids in an attempt to win the exclusive negotiating rights with the posted player for a period of 30 days. Once the highest bidding MLB team was determined, the player could then only negotiate with that team. (Full article...)
    Image 12
    A Japanese man wearing a grey Seattle baseball uniform fielding a ball in the outfield.
    Ichiro Suzuki was the first high-profileNPB player (second overall) to use the posting system.

    Theposting system (ポスティングシステム,posutingu shisutemu) is abaseball player transfer system that operates betweenNippon Professional Baseball (NPB) andMajor League Baseball (MLB). Despite the drafting of the United States – Japanese Player Contract Agreement, unveiled in 1967 to regulate NPB players moving to MLB, problems began to arise in the late 1990s. Some NPB teams lost star players without compensation, an issue highlighted when NPB starsHideo Nomo andAlfonso Soriano left to play in MLB after using loopholes to void their existing contracts. A further problem was that NPB players had very little negotiating power if their teams decided to deal them to MLB, as when pitcherHideki Irabu was traded to an MLB team for which he had no desire to play. In 1998, the Agreement was rewritten to address both problems; the result was dubbed the "posting system".

    Under this system, when an NPB player is "posted", his NPB team notifies theMLB Commissioner, with the posting fee based on the type of contract a player signs and its value. Forminor-league contracts, the fee is a flat 25% of the contract's value; for MLB contracts, the fee is based on the value of the contract that the posted player eventually signs. The player is then given 30 days to negotiate with any MLB team willing to pay the NPB team's posting fee. If the player agrees on contract terms with a team before the 30-day period has expired, the NPB team receives the posting fee from the signing MLB team as a transfer fee, and the player is free to play in MLB. If no MLB team comes to a contract agreement with the posted player, then no fee is paid, and the player's rights revert to his NPB team. The current process replaced one in which MLB held asilent auction during which MLB teams submitted sealed, uncapped bids in an attempt to win the exclusive negotiating rights with the posted player for a period of 30 days. Once the highest bidding MLB team was determined, the player could then only negotiate with that team. (Full article...)
  • Image 13 Martin with the Yankees in 1954 Alfred Manuel "Billy" Martin Jr. (May 16, 1928 – December 25, 1989) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) second baseman and manager, who, in addition to leading other teams, was five times the manager of the New York Yankees. First known as a scrappy infielder who made considerable contributions to the championship Yankee teams of the 1950s, he then built a reputation as a manager who would initially make bad teams good, before ultimately being fired amid dysfunction. In each of his stints with the Yankees he managed them to winning records before being fired by team owner George Steinbrenner or resigning under fire. Martin was born in a working-class section of Berkeley, California. His skill as a baseball player gave him a route out of his home town. Signed by the Pacific Coast League Oakland Oaks, Martin learned much from Casey Stengel, the man who would manage him both in Oakland and in New York, with whom he enjoyed a close relationship. Martin's spectacular catch of a wind-blown Jackie Robinson popup late in Game Seven of the 1952 World Series saved that series for the Yankees, and he was the hitting star of the 1953 World Series, earning the Most Valuable Player award in the Yankee victory. He missed most of two seasons, 1954 and 1955, after being drafted into the Army, and his abilities never fully returned; the Yankees traded him after a brawl at the Copacabana club in New York during the 1957 season. (Full article...)
    Image 13

    Martin with the Yankees in 1954

    Alfred Manuel "Billy"Martin Jr. (May 16, 1928 – December 25, 1989) was an AmericanMajor League Baseball (MLB)second baseman and manager, who, in addition to leading other teams, was five times the manager of theNew York Yankees. First known as a scrappy infielder who made considerable contributions to the championship Yankee teams of the 1950s, he then built a reputation as a manager who would initially make bad teams good, before ultimately being fired amid dysfunction. In each of his stints with the Yankees he managed them to winning records before being fired by team ownerGeorge Steinbrenner or resigning under fire.

    Martin was born in a working-class section ofBerkeley, California. His skill as a baseball player gave him a route out of his home town. Signed by thePacific Coast LeagueOakland Oaks, Martin learned much fromCasey Stengel, the man who would manage him both in Oakland and in New York, with whom he enjoyed a close relationship. Martin's spectacular catch of a wind-blownJackie Robinson popup late in Game Seven of the1952 World Series saved that series for the Yankees, and he was the hitting star of the1953 World Series, earning the Most Valuable Player award in the Yankee victory. He missed most of two seasons, 1954 and 1955, after beingdrafted into the Army, and his abilities never fully returned; the Yankees traded him after a brawl at theCopacabana club in New York during the 1957 season. (Full article...)
  • Image 14 Depiction of the game from The Boston Globe On Saturday, May 1, 1920, the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Boston Braves played to a 1–1 tie in 26 innings, the most innings ever played in a single game in the history of Major League Baseball (MLB). The game was played at Braves Field in Boston before a crowd estimated at 4,000. Both Leon Cadore of Brooklyn and Joe Oeschger of Boston pitched complete games, and with 26 innings pitched, jointly hold the record for the longest pitching appearance in MLB history. Their record is considered unbreakable, as modern pitchers rarely pitch even nine innings, and newer baseball rules have made long extra-innings games a rarity. The day of the game saw rainy weather, and it was uncertain if the game would be played, but the skies cleared enough to allow it to proceed. Brooklyn scored a run in the fifth inning, and Boston in the sixth; thereafter, the pitchers became increasingly dominant. As the game exceeded eighteen innings, the small crowd at Braves Field cheered both pitchers. The last twenty innings were scoreless, and when darkness started to fall, the umpires called a halt after the twenty-sixth inning, as baseball fields did not yet have artificial lighting. (Full article...)
    Image 14
    Newspaper cartoon depicting significant moments from the game. 1. A player runs into another ("Wheat interferes with Pick and is called out"). 2. Wheat catching a fly ball. 3. A player falling down while throwing a ball past another player running towards him while an umpire watches ("Houke after blocking Gowdy's low throw"). 4. A large image of a play at home plate ("The climax of the hair raising double play in the 17th"). Gowdy is stretched out in the dirt reaching with the ball in an outstretched hand to tag Koney (Konetchy) who is sliding foot-first into the plate. An umpire signals "out" while another player looks on and says "Hank how can we ever thank you?" 5. Statues of Oeschger and Cadore on a pedestal labeled "Hall of Fame" ("Find a place for this pair"). 6. A man in a bowler hat holding an umbrella. It is raining. The man says, "Wonder if they'll be able to play two or three innings". 7. A player reaching out to catch a fly ball while two seated players watch ("Konetchy right on the dugout steps"). 8. A woman placing a personal ad, "George, come home, all will be forgiven". An insert shows George sitting on bleacher seats in the dark saying "C'Mon Tony" ("Many wives were on the point of advertising for a lost husband late last night"
    Depiction of the game fromThe Boston Globe


    On Saturday, May 1, 1920, theBrooklyn Dodgers and theBoston Braves played to a 1–1tie in 26innings, the most innings ever played in a single game in the history ofMajor League Baseball (MLB). The game was played atBraves Field inBoston before a crowd estimated at 4,000. BothLeon Cadore of Brooklyn andJoe Oeschger of Boston pitchedcomplete games, and with 26innings pitched, jointly hold the record for the longest pitching appearance in MLB history.Their record is considered unbreakable, as modern pitchers rarely pitch even nine innings, and newer baseball rules have made long extra-innings games a rarity.

    The day of the game saw rainy weather, and it was uncertain if the game would be played, but the skies cleared enough to allow it to proceed. Brooklyn scored arun in the fifth inning, and Boston in the sixth; thereafter, the pitchers became increasingly dominant. As the game exceeded eighteen innings, the small crowd at Braves Field cheered both pitchers. The last twenty innings were scoreless, and when darkness started to fall, the umpires called a halt after the twenty-sixth inning, as baseball fields did not yet have artificial lighting. (Full article...)
  • Image 15 Musial in 1953 Stanley Frank Musial (/ˈmjuːziəl, -ʒəl/; born Stanislaw Franciszek Musial; November 21, 1920 – January 19, 2013), nicknamed "Stan the Man", was an American professional baseball player. Widely considered to be one of the greatest and most consistent hitters in baseball history, Musial spent 22 seasons as an outfielder and first baseman in Major League Baseball (MLB), playing for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1941 to 1944 and from 1946 to 1963. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969 in his first year of eligibility. Musial was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, where he played on the baseball team at Donora High School. Signed to a professional contract by the St. Louis Cardinals as a pitcher in 1938, Musial was converted into an outfielder and made his major league debut in 1941. Noted for his unique batting stance, he quickly established himself as a consistent and productive hitter. In his first full season, 1942, the Cardinals won the World Series. The following year, Musial led the NL in six different offensive categories and earned his first MVP award. He was also named to the NL All-Star squad for the first time; he appeared in every All-Star game in every subsequent season he played. Musial won his second World Series championship in 1944, then missed the 1945 season while serving in the Navy. After completing his military service, Musial returned to baseball in 1946 and resumed his consistent hitting. That year, he earned his second MVP award and his third World Series title. His third MVP award came in 1948, when he finished one home run short of winning baseball's Triple Crown. (Full article...)
    Image 15

    Musial in 1953

    Stanley Frank Musial (/ˈmjuːziəl,-ʒəl/; bornStanislaw Franciszek Musial; November 21, 1920 – January 19, 2013), nicknamed "Stan the Man", was an American professionalbaseball player. Widely considered to be one of the greatest and most consistent hitters in baseball history, Musial spent 22 seasons as anoutfielder andfirst baseman inMajor League Baseball (MLB), playing for theSt. Louis Cardinals from 1941 to 1944 and from 1946 to 1963. He was inducted into theBaseball Hall of Fame in1969 in his first year of eligibility.

    Musial was born inDonora, Pennsylvania, where he played on the baseball team atDonora High School. Signed to a professional contract by the St. Louis Cardinals as apitcher in 1938, Musial was converted into an outfielder and made his major league debut in 1941. Noted for his unique batting stance, he quickly established himself as a consistent and productive hitter. In his first full season, 1942, the Cardinals won theWorld Series. The following year, Musial led the NL in six different offensive categories and earned his first MVP award. He was also named to the NL All-Star squad for the first time; he appeared in every All-Star game in every subsequent season he played. Musial won his second World Series championship in1944, then missed the 1945 season while serving in theNavy. After completing his military service, Musial returned to baseball in 1946 and resumed his consistent hitting. That year, he earned his second MVP award and his third World Series title. His third MVP award came in 1948, when he finished one home run short of winning baseball'sTriple Crown. (Full article...)

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I'm mad at Hank (Aaron) for deciding to play one more season. I threw him his last home run and thought I'd be remembered forever. Now, I'll have to throw him another.

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Major League Baseball has severalblackout rules. Games are blacked out based on two criteria:

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