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Portal:Aviation

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The Aviation Portal

ABoeing 747 in 1978 operated byPan Am.

Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanicalflight and theaircraft industry.Aircraft includefixed-wing androtary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well aslighter-than-air aircraft such ashot air balloons andairships.

Aviation began in the 18th century with the development of thehot air balloon, an apparatus capable of atmospheric displacement throughbuoyancy. Clément Ader built the "Ader Éole" in France and made an uncontrolled, powered hop in 1890. This was the first powered aircraft, although it did not achieve controlled flight. Some of the most significant advancements in aviation technology came with the controlled gliding flying ofOtto Lilienthal in 1896. A major leap followed with the construction of theWright Flyer, the first poweredairplane by theWright brothers in the early 1900s.

Since that time, aviation has been technologically revolutionized by the introduction of the jet engine which enabled aviation to become a major form of transport throughout the world. In 2024, there were 9.5 billion passengers worldwide according to theICAO. As of 2018, estimates suggest that 11% of the world's population traveled by air, with up to 4% taking international flights. (Full article...)

Selected article

Airbus A380, the largest passenger jet in the world, entered commercial service in 2007.
Airbus A380, the largest passenger jet in the world, entered commercial service in 2007.
AirbusSAS is anaircraft manufacturing subsidiary ofEADS, a European aerospace consortium. Based inToulouse,France and with significant activity across Europe, the company produces around half of the world's jetairliners. Airbus began as a consortium of aerospace manufacturers. Consolidation of European defence and aerospace companies around the turn of the century allowed the establishment of a simplified joint stock company in 2001, owned by EADS (80%) andBAE Systems (20%). After a protracted sale process BAE sold its shareholding to EADS on 13 October 2006. Airbus employs around 57,000 people at sixteen sites in four European Union countries:Germany,France, theUnited Kingdom, andSpain. Final assembly production is atToulouse (France) andHamburg (Germany). Airbus has subsidiaries in theUnited States,Japan andChina.(Full article...)

Selected image

U.S. F/A-18 Hornet breaking the sound barrier
U.S. F/A-18 Hornet breaking the sound barrier
Credit: John Gay, U.S. Navy
U.S.F/A-18 Hornet flying attransonic speeds. Inaerodynamics, thesound barrier is a physical boundary that was once thought to be stopping large objects becomingsupersonic. When anaircraft is near to the speed of sound, an unusualcloud sometimes forms. A drop in pressure, in this case due to shock wave formation, causes water droplets to condense and form the cloud.

Did you know

...thatAstro Flight, Incorporated ofMarina del Rey, California created the world's first practical electric-poweredradio controlled model airplane and the world's first full-scale solar-powered airplane?...that theAlexander Aircraft Company, which produced Eaglerock biplanes inColorado, was the largest aircraft manufacturer in the world for a brief period between1928 and1929?... that thePZL SM-4 Łątka never flew, because its engine was not approved for use in flight?

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The following are images from various aviation-related articles on Wikipedia.

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Wikinews Aviation portal
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Selected biography

Elizabeth 'Bessie' Coleman (January 26, 1892 – April 30, 1926), popularly known as "Queen Bess", was the firstAfrican American (male or female) to become anairplane pilot, and the first American of any race or gender to hold an internationalpilot license. Growing up in Chicago, she heard tales of the world from pilots who were returning home fromWorld War I. They told stories about flying in the war, and Coleman started to fantasize about being a pilot. She could not gain admission to American flight schools because she was black and a woman. No black U.S. aviator would train her either. Coleman tookFrench language class at theBerlitz school in Chicago, and then traveled toParis on November 20, 1920. Coleman learned to fly in aNieuport Type 82 biplane.

Selected Aircraft

TheVZ-9 Avrocar (full military designationVZ-9-AV) was aCanadianVTOL aircraft developed byAvro Aircraft Ltd. as part of a secret U.S. military project carried out in the early years of theCold War.[1] The Avrocar intended to exploit theCoandă effect to provide lift and thrust from a single "turborotor" blowing exhaust out the rim of the disk-shaped aircraft to provide anticipatedVTOL-like performance. In the air, it would have resembled aflying saucer. Two prototypes were built as "proof-of-concept" test vehicles for a more advanced USAF fighter and also for a U.S. Army tactical combat aircraft requirement.[2] In flight testing, the Avrocar proved to have unresolved thrust and stability problems that limited it to a degraded, low-performanceflight envelope; subsequently, the project was cancelled in 1961.

  • Diameter:18 ft (5.486 m)
  • Height: 3 ft 6 in (1.1 m)
  • Engines: 3 x Turbomeca Marboré Continental J69-T-9
  • Max Speed: 300 mph (482 km/h)
  • First Flight: 12 November 1959
  • Number built: 2
More selected aircraftRead more...

Today in Aviation

February 14

  • 2013 –American Airlines andUS Airways announce an$11,000,000,000 deal to merge, creating the world's largest airline, with 900 planes, 3,200 daily flights, and 95,000 employees. Under the deal, former US Airways management will dominate the merged airline, but the "US Airways" brand will disappear.[3]
  • 2011 – Two Royal Thai Air Force General Dynamics F-16s collide over north east Thailand. Both aircraft are destroyed but the pilots ejected safely.
  • 2010 – A Yemeni Air Force Mil Mi-17 Helicopter crashes in the Kahlan district, east of the provincial capital Saada. Crash was the result of a technical fault. The helicopter's four-man crew and the seven wounded soldiers they were evacuating all died, as did two soldiers in a military vehicle which the aircraft crashed into.
  • 2009 – N440RA, a CASA C-212 Aviocar operated by Arctic Transportation Services lands short of the runway at Ralph Wien Memorial Airport, Alaska and is significantly damaged.
  • 2008 –Belavia Flight 1834, a Bombardier CRJ100, hits its left wing on the runway while taking off from Yerevan, Armenia. All 21 on board escape the aircraft before it erupts into flames.
  • 2007 – JetBlue announces their codeshare agreement with Cape Air, connecting Boston passengers with Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard.
  • 2000 – The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker enters orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.
  • 1996 – China launches a Long March 3 rocket, carrying the Intelsat 708 satellite. The rocket flies off course 3 seconds after liftoff and crashes into a rural village due to an engineering defect. The number of fatalities is unconfirmed.
  • 1992 – Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 386, sometimes referred to as the Valentine’s Day flight, refers to an incident that occurred on board a scheduled flight of that carrier, in which food contaminated with cholera was distributed to the passengers, of which one died from the illness
  • 1991 – U. S. Navy A-6E Intruders sink an Iraqi Navy Osa-class missile boat in Kuwait Bay, the last Iraqi naval loss of the Gulf War. Iraqi ground fire shoots down a Royal Air Force Tornado and a Royal Saudi Air Force F-5E Tiger II during strikes on Iraqi forces, and a U. S. Air Force EF-111 A Raven electronic warfare aircraft crashes in Saudi Arabia due to battle damage. The United States reports that Coalition airstrikes against Iraqi military forces in Kuwait have destroyed 1,300 of Iraq’s 4,280 tanks, 850 of its 2,870 armored personnel carriers, and 1,100 of its 3,110 artillery pieces there.
  • 1990 – Voyager 1 took the first ever “family portrait” of our Solar System as seen from outside.
  • 1989 – The first of 24 Global Positioning System (Block-II) satellites is placed into orbit.
  • 1984 – First flight of the Cessna S550 Citation
  • 1980 – Japan Air Lines begins commercial operations with the highest-capacity airliner ever put into scheduled service, conducting the inaugural flight of eight Boeing 747SR. The aircraft has seating for 550 passengers, 45 in the upper deck.
  • 1979 – Sabrina Jackintell sets an open class glider altitude record of 12,637 m with her Burkhart Grob G-102 Astir CS.
  • 1975 – Death of Arthur Hicks Peck, British WWI flying ace.
  • 1973 – Death of Charles Ronald Steele, British WWI flying ace, High-ranking officer in WWII and Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Coastal Command post war.
  • 1963 – Launch of Syncom 1, first geosynchronous communications satellite.
  • 1956 – US Army de Havilland Canada U-1A Otter, 55-3252, c/n 93, encountered wake turbulence. The aircraft broke up in mid-air and crashed in Toronto, Canada. 4 killed.
  • 1953 – The RCAF accepted the first of 69 de Havilland Otters.
  • 1951 – Major Raymond S. Wetmore, World War II ace (21.25 kills), and commander of the 59th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts, is killed this date in the crash of North American F-86A-5-NA Sabre, 48-0149, c/n 151-43517 at age 27. After a cross-country flight from Los Angeles, California, to Otis AFB, he was on his final approach when his plane suddenly shot up skyward, and then turned towards the ground where it crashed. Raymond was killed instantly. He was reported to have said that he had trouble steering and ejecting from the plane. He was also reported to have said to the tower that, "I'm going to go up and bring it down in Wakeby Lake, so I don't hit any houses." When he died, he left a widow and four children.
  • 1947 – Birth of Pham Tuân, Vietnam Air Force aviator, first Vietnamese citizen and first Asian (outside of Russia) in space.
  • 1946 – Philippine Airlines resumes service after a 5-year hiatus during World War II.
  • 1945 – Death of Otto “Bruno” Kittel, German WWII flying ace on his 583rd combat mission, shot down and killed by the air gunner of a Shturmovik.
  • 1945 – On the first day of the bombing of Dresden, the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces begin fire-bombing Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony. Prague was also bombed, probably due to a mistake in the orientation of the pilots.
  • 1943 – Birth of Shannon Matilda Wells Lucid, American biochemist and NASA astronaut.
  • 1943 – The first combat action of the F4U Corsair occurs when 50 Imperial Japanese Navy A6 M Zero fighters attack a formation of American bombers and their escorting fighters. In what the Americans call the “St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, ” the Japanese shoot down two U. S. Marine Corps Corsairs and eight U. S. Army Air Forces aircraft – Two P-40s, four P-38s, and two B-24s – Losing three Zeros in exchange.
  • 1943 – The Dakotas Sqn begins air supply missions to Chindit forces working behind enemy lines in Burma. Chindits were small pockets of highly trained British troops, usually with local guides, who operated behind enemy lines, cutting enemy lines of communication.
  • 1942 – The Douglas C-54 Skymaster makes its first flight. Designed as the DC-4, it is adapted for military use. During the war, Skymasters completed 79,632 transoceanic flights with only three ditchings, one of which was a test.
  • 1939 – Death of Lucien Marcel Gasser, French WWI flying ace, killed in an air crash.
  • 1934 – Howard R. Hughes launches the Hughes Tool Co. aircraft division, which evolves into Hughes Helicopters Inc.
  • 1934 – First prototype Bulgarian DAR-3 Garvan ("Raven") (ДАР-3) two-seat biplane, first flown Autumn 1927 and rebuilt twice with different powerplants, written off this date in a fatal crash.{(DAR -Derzhavna Aeroplanna Rabotilnitsa - State Airplane Workshop)}
  • 1928 – First flight of theShort S.8 Calcutta, a British three engine biplane airliner flying boat, First airliner with a full kitchen.
  • 1922 – Death of Herbert Brian Richardson, British WWI fighter ace.
  • 1921 – Birth of Werner Utter, German pilot, one of the first pilot for Lufthansa, who flew more of 100 types of aircraft from sailplanes to Jumbo Jet.
  • 1914 – An official American nonstop duration and distance record is made when Lt. Townsend Dodd and Sgt. Herbert Marcus fly the U. S. Signal Corps Burgess H tractor biplane. (S. C. No. 26) 244.8 mi. in 4 hours 43 min. Although it established a record for two people in one airplane, it also exceeded the previous single-seat record.
  • 1913 – Birth of Anthony W. “Tony” LeVier, American air racer and test pilot for the Lockheed Corporation.
  • 1910 – Birth of Eugène Przysiecki, polish aviator, test pilot and WWII bomber pilot.
  • 1898 – Birth of John William Pinder, British WWI fighter ace and aviation pioneer in South America.
  • 1898 – Birth of William Newton “Bill” Lancaster, pioneering British aviator.
  • 1897 – Birth of Laurent Baptisti Ruamps, French WWI flying ace.
  • 1896 – Birth of Mary Anita ‘Neta’ Snook Southern, American pioneer aviator who achieved a long list of firsts, first woman aviator in Iowa, first woman student accepted at the Curtiss Flying School in Virginia, first woman “aviatrix” to run her own aviation business and first woman to run a commercial airfield. She was Amelia Earhart’s first flying instructor.
  • 1896 – Birth of Harold Albert “Pete” White, British WWI flying ace.
  • 1895 – Birth of Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin, Soviet aircraft engine designer.
  • 1894 – Birth of Horace Balfour Davey, British WWI flying ace.
  • 1891 – Birth of Katherine Stinson, American early female flyer.
  • 1889 – Birth of Bartolomeo ‘Meo’ Costantini, Italian WWI flying ace and post-war racing driver and manufacturer.

References


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