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The Afghanistan PortalAfghanistan, officially theIslamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is alandlocked country located at the crossroads ofCentral andSouth Asia. It is bordered byPakistan to theeast and south,Iran to thewest,Turkmenistan to thenorthwest,Uzbekistan to thenorth,Tajikistan to thenortheast, andChina to thenortheast and east. Occupying 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plainsin the north andthe southwest, which are separated by theHindu Kush mountain range.Kabul is the country's capital and largest city.Afghanistan's population is estimated to be between 40 and 50 million. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates to theMiddle Paleolithic era. Popularly referred to as thegraveyard of empires, the landhas witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by thePersians,Alexander the Great, theMaurya Empire,Arab Muslims, theMongols, theBritish, theSoviet Union, anda US-led coalition. Afghanistan also served as the source from which theGreco-Bactrians and theMughals, among others, rose to form major empires. Because of the various conquests and periods in both theIranian andIndian cultural spheres, the area was a center forZoroastrianism,Buddhism,Hinduism, and later Islam. The modern state of Afghanistan began with theDurrani Afghan Empire in the 18th century, althoughDost Mohammad Khan is sometimes considered to be the founder of the firstmodern Afghan state. Afghanistan became abuffer state in theGreat Game between theBritish Empire and theRussian Empire. From India, the British attempted to subjugate Afghanistan but were repelled in theFirst Anglo-Afghan War; theSecond Anglo-Afghan War saw a British victory. Following theThird Anglo-Afghan War in 1919, Afghanistan became free of foreign political hegemony, and emerged as the independentKingdom of Afghanistan in 1926. This monarchy lasted almost half a century, untilZahir Shah wasoverthrown in 1973, following which theRepublic of Afghanistan was established. Afghanistan is rich in natural resources, includinglithium, iron,zinc, and copper. It is the second-largest producer ofcannabis resin,[obsolete source] and third largest of bothsaffron andcashmere. The country is a member of theSouth Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and a founding member of theOrganization of Islamic Cooperation. Due to the effects of war in recent decades, the country has dealt with high levels of terrorism,poverty, and child malnutrition. Afghanistan remains among the world'sleast developed countries, ranking 182nd on theHuman Development Index. Afghanistan's gross domestic product (GDP) is $81 billion bypurchasing power parity and $20.1 billion by nominal values. Per capita, its GDP is among the lowest of any country as of 2020[update]. (Full article...) Selected article -show anotherNew Kabul Bank is a bank inAfghanistan that has its main branch in the capital city ofKabul. It was established in 2004 as theKabul Bank, the firstprivate bank in Afghanistan. After corruption and scandals it was re-established in 2011 as the New Kabul Bank. It is the main bank used to pay the salaries of the nationalarmy andsecurity police forces. The bank provides facilities to maintain accounts in Current, Savings Bank, and Fixed deposits; and offers its consumers branch andautomated teller machine services. The bank is under the supervision of theCentral Bank of Afghanistan (Da Afghanistan Bank−DAB), the General Directorate of Treasury, and theAfghanistan Ministry of Finance (MOF). (Full article...) Did you know? -load more entries
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