| Pork Chop Hill | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Lewis Milestone |
| Screenplay by | James R. Webb |
| Based on | Pork Chop Hill: The American Fighting Man in Action 1956 novel byS. L. A. Marshall |
| Produced by | Sy Bartlett |
| Starring | Gregory Peck Harry Guardino Rip Torn George Peppard James Edwards Bob Steele Woody Strode George Shibata |
| Cinematography | Sam Leavitt |
| Edited by | George Boemler |
| Music by | Leonard Rosenman |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
Release date |
|
Running time | 97 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $ 3 million[1] or $1,750,000[2] |
| Box office | $2.1 million(est. domestic)[3] |
Pork Chop Hill is a 1959 AmericanKorean Warfilm starringGregory Peck,Woody Strode,Rip Torn, andGeorge Peppard. The film, which was the final war film directed byLewis Milestone, is based upon the 1956 book by U.S. military historianBrigadier GeneralS. L. A. Marshall. It depicts the first fierceBattle of Pork Chop Hill between theU.S. Army's7th Infantry Division andChinese andNorth Korean forces in April 1953.
The film features numerous actors who would go on to become movie and television stars in the 1960s and the 1970s such asWoody Strode,Harry Guardino,Robert Blake,George Peppard,Norman Fell,Abel Fernandez,Gavin MacLeod,Harry Dean Stanton, andClarence Williams III. It is also the screen debut ofMartin Landau andGeorge Shibata, who was a West Point classmate ofLieutenant Joe Clemons, who also acted astechnical adviser on the film.
In April 1953, during theKorean War, K Company,31st Infantry Regiment,7th Infantry Division, under the command of LieutenantJoe Clemons, is assigned to recapture Pork Chop Hill from a largerChinese People's Volunteer Army force. Clemons leads 2nd Platoon, while putting his friend andExecutive Officer, Lieutenant Tsugio Ohashi in charge of 1st Platoon, while 3rd Platoon is kept as a reserve. They succeed in taking the hill, trench by trench, but at the cost of high casualties. Clemons is promised another company as reinforcements, but L Company is ambushed, and only about a dozen infantrymen reach him. They prepare for a large-scale PVA counterattack, with only 25 men left out of the whole company.
Meanwhile, at nearbyPanmunjeom,cease-fire negotiations continue, and U.S. Army High Command are unwilling to reinforce the hill because its value is not worth further losses. Yet they will not abandon the hill either, because it is a point of negotiation in the talks. Eventually, American negotiators come to the conclusion that the Chinese are pouring soldiers into the battle for a militarily insignificant hill to test the resolve of the Americans. Thus, the decision is made to reinforce the hill, saving the lives of the survivors of Clemons's unit.
The film was based on Marshall's bookPork Chop Hill published in 1956.[4]The New York Times called it "unforgettable".[5]
In August 1957 the film rights were bought byMelville Productions, the film company ofGregory Peck. Sy Bartlett was to produce and James Webb was to write the script.[6] It was Webb who recommended the project to Melville. He decided to focus the action on Company K, who took up a chapter in the book, "All the King's Men", over a 24-hour period.[7]
S.L.A. Marshall reportedly disliked the fact that he had sold the movie rights to his book for next-to-nothing, and vowed not to make the same mistake again.[8]
In January 1958 Lewis Milestone agreed to direct.[9] He and Bartlett wanted to cast unknowns in support of Peck and saw over 600 actors for 83 speaking parts.[10]
Strode and Edwards' portrayal ofAfrican American soldiers is based on the24th Infantry Regiment, which was stillracially segregated in Korea. All Black units were integrated in the summer and fall of 1951 and all Black units were integrated and closed out on 1 October 1951. Like its cinematic portrayal, the real regiment was poorly trained, poorly equipped and poorly led.[11] More than once when this all-black unit was placed on the front lines, a unit in reserve was positioned directly behind because they were expected to break. The regiment was finally considered so unreliable it was disbanded. Its personnel were reassigned to other combat units just as in the film, which portrays Edwards' character - with good leadership - becoming an effective soldier.
George Shibata, who stars as Lt. Suki Ohashi, became the firstNisei appointed toWest Point through the sponsorship of Sen.Elbert D. Thomas. Shibata would become the firstAsian American graduate of theUnited States Military Academy, Class of 1951 and he was commissioned in theUnited States Air Force later in that same year (1951).[12] During theKorean War he flew anF-86 Sabre out ofTaegu Air Force Base. The film Pork Chop Hill was about Shibata's classmateJoseph G. Clemons, who was also a 1951 West Point graduate. This came about when Clemons accidentally bumped into his old friend Shibata at a drugstore when Clemons was in California acting as atechnical adviser for the forthcoming film. He convinced Shibata to try out for the role of theJapanese-Hawaiian Executive Officer, Lt. Tsugio Ohashi when Hollywood was having a problem casting the role.[13] During the production Clemons decided to play a joke on his Air Force pilot classmate whose accommodations during the war were more comfortable than Clemons' by ensuring that Shibata wore the only actualflak jacket in the film; the other cast members wearing foam rubber reproductions.
The film was the second feature film for George Peppard.[14]
Filming started 19 May 1958. Some of the location shooting was conducted in California nearWestlake Village and inSan Fernando Valley. Two months before filming the unit moved into an Albertson Company Ranch where the bulk of the film was to be shot and created a series of trenches.[15]
Peck, although not credited, directed a few scenes despite protests by Milestone.
Milestone called it his "most interesting job in a long time."[16]
The film had an allocated shooting schedule of 40 days and ended up needing another 15 days.[17]
Peck and director Milestone clashed during filming over Peck's performance; the director wanted Peck to play his character as more insecure while Peck wanted a more conventional approach. Before the film's premier in May 1959, United Artists cut the film by nearly 20 minutes. Milestone claimed changes were made becauseVeronique Peck, the wife of star Gregory Peck, felt her husband made his first entrance too late into the picture. While that claim stands as unconfirmed, the film does show signs of post-production editing, with segments of several excised scenes showing up under the main title credits.[18]
Milestone's version reportedly featured more cross cutting between the fighting and the peace conference and made Peck's character less of a conventional hero. The director says it also featured more scenes involving the Chinese.[19]
The film opened in Chicago and Detroit in the week ended May 26, 1959.[20] It opened at theRoxy Theatre in New York City on May 29 and became number one in the U.S.[21]
The film was a minor box office hit.[22]
The New York Times applauded the film's "grim and rugged" style, the way it captured the "resentment" of the American GIs, and how it "tacitly points the obsoleteness of ground warfare".[23]
He'd given them away forPork Chop Hill and often talked about how, as a result, he felt sick every time the film of his Korea story played on the tube and he didn't get a red cent. "I'll never letthat happen again," he'd vow each time he wound up his lament on the subject.
...the 24th, was an all-Black outfit and as a fighting force it was sorrier than any unit I'd ever seen. It had not always been that way; in fact, the Deuce-Four had been responsible for the first significant American ground victory of the war, atYechon, in July of 1950. But the regiment had been badly bloodied since then, and with the attendant loss of many of its fine blackNCOs (too many of whom were replaced by white NCOs who were unable or unwilling to bond with the troops—and vice versa), it seemed the 24th had gone to hell in a hand basket. Individually, many of its members were great... but its leadership was too thin...
Nevertheless, Pork Chop Hill was still cut by nearly twenty minutes, supposedly because the wife of star Gregory Peck felt that her husband made his first entrance too late into the picture. While that claim remains unconfirmed, the film does show signs of post-production editing, with segments of several excised scenes showing up under the main title credits.