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Popular Orthodox Rally

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Political party in Greece
Popular Orthodox Rally
Λαϊκός Ορθόδοξος Συναγερμός
PresidentPhilippos Kampouris
FounderGeorgios Karatzaferis
Founded14 September 2000 (2000-09-14)
Split fromNew Democracy
Headquarters52, Kallirois Avenue, 117 45Athens
Youth wingYouth of the Orthodox Rally
IdeologyGreek nationalism[1]
Right-wing populism[2][3][4]
Religious conservatism[5]
Euroscepticism[6]
Political positionRight-wing[7] tofar-right[3][4][8]
European affiliationMovement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy (2011-2015)
European Parliament groupIND/DEM (2004-2009)
EFD (2009-2014)
Colours Dark Blue
Parliament
0 / 300
European Parliament
0 / 21
Regional councillors
2 / 611
Website
laos.com.gr

ThePopular Orthodox Rally orPeople's Orthodox Alarm[9] (Greek: Λαϊκός Ορθόδοξος Συναγερμός,Laikós Orthódoxos Synagermós), often abbreviated toLAOS (ΛΑ.Ο.Σ.) as a reference to the Greek word forpeople, is aGreekright-wing populist political party.[2][3][4] It was founded by journalistGeorgios Karatzaferis in 2000, a few months after he was expelled from the centre-rightNew Democracy. Today, the party is led byPhilippos Kampouris.

In 2004, LAOS secured support from theParty of Hellenism and the Hellenic Women's Political Party. In 2005, LAOS absorbed the nationalist[10][11]Hellenic Front.[12][independent source needed] The youth branch of LAOS is the Youth of the Orthodox Rally (NEOS) (which is also a pun on the word for "youth" in Greek). The Popular Orthodox Rally was a member of theEurope of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group in theEuropean Parliament during the7th European Parliament, and was a member of theAlliance of Independent Democrats in Europe, aEuropean political party, until the AIDE's dissolution in 2008.

The party failed to reach the 3% threshold of the popular vote in the2004 elections, with 2.2%; three months later it gained 4.12% of the vote and one seat in the2004 European Parliamentary Elections. LAOS received 3.8% of the vote in the2007 elections, electing 10 members of parliament. In 2009 LAOS managed toelect two representatives in theEuropean Parliament, receiving 7.14% of the vote. After receiving 5.63% of the vote and electing 15 members of parliament in the2009 elections, LAOS dropped below the 3% threshold in2012 and failed to secure any seats in parliament. On 8 April 2016 LAOS joined the allianceNational Unity. The party did not contest the2019 elections or theMay 2023 orJune 2023 Greek legislative election.

High profile members, such asMakis Voridis,Thanos Plevris andAdonis Georgiadis, have since joinedNew Democracy, all three becoming ministers in theCabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis, in what has been described as a "LAOSification" of the latter.[13] Prior to the2023 Greek legislative election, the party's founder and long-time president,Georgios Karatzaferis, praised Mitsotakis, calling him "the best politician of the century".[14][15]

Ideology

[edit]
Part ofa series on
Conservatism in Greece

According to the Popular Orthodox Rally, "thedemarcation of the political world into theRight wing and theLeft wing is no longer relevant after the end of theCold War. Nowadays, everyone in every aspect of his or her everyday life is either in favour or againstGlobalization". The party claims to consist of radically diverse groups that span the entireleft-right political spectrum. Party president Karatzaferis, speaking on the 6th anniversary of the party's creation, stated "We are united in the only party that has in its ranks labourers and scientists, workers and the unemployed, leftists and rightists".[16][independent source needed]

Karatzaferis has described the Popular Orthodox Rally as "a profoundly democratic party", consisting of everything from a "pre-dictatorship Right" to a merger of Left and Right to a "Popular Liberalism" in official party literature. He has also stated that he supports "patriotism and socialsolidarity, taking from all ideologies and personalities I like. I don't care if it's called communism, liberalism or socialism."[17]

However, the Popular Orthodox Rally is often characterized by opposing politicians and in the media as "far-right",[18][19][20][21][22] "populist", "radical right",[23] "right-wing"[7][24] and "nationalist". It has also been argued that its founding declaration (now withdrawn from the web) included antidemocratic, anti-parliamentary ideas, and the proposal that decisions should be taken by a council, which would include military officers and Church officials.[25] The Popular Orthodox Rally began as a party with an Orthodox Christian religious identity, but also one with a radically nationalist political identity. Although it has since allegedly tried to 'moderate' the nationalist part of its appeal, with some of an extreme-nationalist or neo-fascist bent, such asKonstantinos Plevris, then leaving the party to joinPatriotic Alliance or other fringe political organizations, more extreme-nationalists have recently once again joined its ranks and been elected to parliament. Of the ten Popular Orthodox Rally candidates who entered the parliament in 2007, four are considered to be part of the "nationalist bloc": Makis Voridis, "Thanos" Plevris, Adonis Georgiadis, and Kiriakos Velopoulos.[26]

Amid theGreek government-debt crisis, the party supported the first bail-out in 2010 (the only parliamentary party apart from the governing PASOK),[27] but thereafter voted against PASOK government on crucial votes, including the 29 June 2011 vote on austerity measures. After George Papandreou resigned in November 2011, LAOS participated along with PASOK and the ND in the government of national unity (the Papademos cabinet), but resigned from the government in February 2012 due to further austerity measures[28] and amid declining popularity in polls.[29] LAOS failed to win any seats in the 2012 Greece parliamentary election, which can be attributed to its previous indecisive position.[30]

Platform

[edit]
This sectionmay rely excessively on sourcestoo closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from beingverifiable andneutral. Please helpimprove it by replacing them with more appropriatecitations toreliable, independent sources.(February 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(September 2019)

The main points of the Popular Orthodox Rally platform are as follows:[31]

Election results

[edit]

Hellenic Parliament

[edit]
ElectionHellenic ParliamentRankGovernmentLeader
Votes%±ppSeats won+/−
2004162,1512.2%New
0 / 300
Steady 0#5No seatsGeorgios Karatzaferis
2007271,8093.8%+1.6
10 / 300
Increase 10#5Opposition
2009386,2055.6%+1.8
15 / 300
Increase 5#4Government
(Cabinet of Lucas Papademos, 2011–2012)
May 2012182,9252.9%−2.7
0 / 300
Decrease 15#9No seats
June 201297,0991.6%−1.3
0 / 300
Steady 0#9No seats
January 201563,6691.0%−0.6
0 / 300
Steady 0#11No seats
September 2015Did not participateNo seats
2019No seatsNikolaos Salavrakos
May 2023No seats
June 2023No seats

European Parliament

[edit]
European Parliament
ElectionVotes%±ppSeats won+/−RankLeaderEP Group
2004252,4294.12%New
1 / 24
New5thGeorgios KaratzaferisIND/DEM
2009366,6167.15%+3.03
2 / 22
Increase 14thEFD
2014154,0292.69%−4.46
0 / 21
Decrease 28th−
2019[a]69,7791.23%−1.46
0 / 21
Steady 012th
20249,9360.25%−0.98
0 / 21
Steady 024thPhilippos Kampouris
  1. ^Run in a joint list withPAT.RI.E.

Local elections

[edit]
Results since 2004
(year links to election page)
YearType of ElectionVotes%Mandates
2010Local (peripheries)4.0%89

Affiliated media

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Lacroix, Justine; Nicolaīdis, Kalypso (2011).European Stories: Intellectual Debates on Europe in National Contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 188.ISBN 978-0-19-959462-7.
  2. ^abGemenis, Kostas (March 2008)."The 2007 Parliamentary Election in Greece"(PDF).Mediterranean Politics.13 (1).Taylor and Francis:95–101.doi:10.1080/13629390701862616.S2CID 154194955.
    Gemenis, Kostas; Dinas, Elias (July 2010)."Confrontation still? Examining parties' policy positions in Greece"(PDF).Comparative European Politics.8 (2).Palgrave Macmillan:179–201.doi:10.1057/cep.2008.28.S2CID 143772280.
  3. ^abcHainsworth, Paul (2008),The Extreme Right in Western Europe, Routledge, p. 66,ISBN 9780415396820
  4. ^abcArt, David (2011),Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe, Cambridge University Press, p. 188,ISBN 9781139498838
  5. ^Papadopoulos, Alex G. (8 May 2012)."The Puzzle of the 2012 Greek Elections". International Policy Digest. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved2 June 2012.
  6. ^Vasilopoulou, Sofia (2010),Euroscepticism and the radical right: domestic strategies and party system dynamics(PDF) (PhD thesis), The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), p. 157
  7. ^ab""First term judged by second," 10 August 2007". Ekathimerini.com. Archived fromthe original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved10 January 2011.
  8. ^Escalona, Fabien; Keith, Daniel; March, Luke (17 April 2023).The Palgrave Handbook of Radical Left Parties in Europe.Springer Nature. p. 263.ISBN 1137562641. Retrieved15 August 2025.And finally, four minor far-right parties have been significant, the National Alignment during the 1970s, the National Political Union (EPEN) during the 1980s, the Popular Orthodox Rally (LAOS) from 2002 to 2012 and the extreme right Golden Dawn from 2012 until 2019.
  9. ^Malkopoulou, Anthoula (2014), "Eurozone crisis and Parliamentary democracy: lessons from the Greek case", in Wiesner, Claudia (ed.),The meanings of Europe: changes and exchanges of a contested concept, Routledge, p. 161,ISBN 9781306287913.
  10. ^Davies, Peter; Jackson, Paul (2008),The far right in Europe: an encyclopedia, Greenwood World Press, p. 416
  11. ^Tzilivakis, Kathy (5 March 2004),Voices from the far right, Athens News, archived fromthe original on 1 August 2012, retrieved1 March 2012
  12. ^"Decision of Hellenic Front, 15 May 2005". E-grammes.gr. Archived fromthe original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved10 January 2011.
  13. ^"Ανασχηματισμός / «Φουλ» του ΛΑΟΣ στη νέα σύνθεση της κυβέρνησης Μητσοτάκη".Αυγή (in Greek). 31 August 2021. Retrieved31 January 2023.
  14. ^Group), Radiotileoptiki S. A. (OPEN Digital (31 January 2023)."Καρατζαφέρης: Ο Μητσοτάκης ο πιο «άρτιος πολιτικός τουλάχιστον του αιώνα - Η ισχυρότερη προσωπικότητα»".ΕΘΝΟΣ (in Greek). Retrieved31 January 2023.
  15. ^IEFIMERIDA.GR, NEWSROOM (31 January 2023)."Καρατζαφέρης για Μητσοτάκη: Ο πιο άρτιος πολιτικός του αιώνα -Μιντιάρχες και άλλοι θέλουν να τον «κοντύνουν» [βίντεο]".iefimerida.gr (in Greek). Retrieved31 January 2023.
  16. ^"Georgios Karatzaferis, "6 Years Popular Orthodox Rally", 14 September 2006". E-grammes.gr. Archived fromthe original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved10 January 2011.
  17. ^ND's nemesis is named Karatzaferis, 1 June 2007[dead link]
  18. ^"'French-Greek axis' with the same extreme views". Ekathimerini.com. 4 January 2006. Archived fromthe original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved23 April 2012.
  19. ^Smith, Helena (Athens) (18 September 2007)."Far-right movement gathers strength as Greek election nears".The Guardian. London. Retrieved10 January 2011.
  20. ^"The Age quoting Los Angeles Times, Reuters".The Age. Melbourne, Australia. 18 September 2007. Retrieved10 January 2011.
  21. ^Carassava, Anthee (17 September 2007)."Greek governing party wins a 2nd term".The New York Times.
  22. ^Gatopoulos, Derek (16 September 2007)."Greeks voting in general election".The Washington Post. Retrieved10 January 2011.
  23. ^See Gemenis (2008) as above, Gemenis and Dinas (2009) as above, Cas Mudde (2007),Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  24. ^"Wall of flame threatens to engulf birthplace of the Olympic Games".The Times. 27 August 2007. Archived fromthe original on 24 July 2008.
  25. ^"The hidden 'Orthodoxy' of LAOS". Tanea.gr. 14 June 2007. Retrieved10 January 2011.
  26. ^"With Α Hard Group of Five on National Issues". Ethnos.gr. 18 September 2007. Archived fromthe original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved10 January 2011.
  27. ^"Profile of parties running in May 6 Greek elections".ekathimerini.com. 3 May 2012.
  28. ^Kosmidis, Spyros (May 2013).Government constraints and economic voting in Greece(PDF). Hellenic Observatory, European Institute. GreeSE Paper No. 70.
  29. ^GRReporter (12 February 2012)."Karadzaferis changed his mind about the memorandum, Voridis and Georgiadis are leaving". GRReporter.
  30. ^Roushas, Roxani (January 2014).Understanding the electoral breakthrough of Golden Dawn in Greece: a demand and supply perspective(PDF).International Migration Institute. WP 83. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 11 January 2016.
  31. ^"Program Laos (Plaisio Theseon)"(PDF). pp. 1–96. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved15 January 2011.

External links

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