Pope John V (Latin:Ioannes V; died 2 August 686) was thebishop of Rome from 23 July 685[1] to his death on 2 August 686.[2] He was the first pope of theByzantine Papacy consecrated without prior imperial consent, and the first in a line of ten consecutive popes of Eastern origin. His papacy was marked by reconciliation between the city ofRome and theEmpire.
John V was the first Pope of theByzantine Papacy consecrated without the direct imperial approval. EmperorConstantine IV had done away with the requirement during the pontificate ofBenedict II, John V's predecessor, providing that "the one elected to the Apostolic See may be ordained pontiff from that moment and without delay".[7] In a return to the "ancient practice", John V was elected in July 685 "by the general population" of Rome.[7][8] Constantine IV doubtlessly trusted that the population and clergy of Rome had been sufficiently Easternized, and indeed the next ten pontiffs were of Eastern descent.[7]
John V's papacy saw a continuation of improving relations with Byzantium. The Emperor greatly reduced taxes on the papal patrimonies of Sicily and Calabria and abolished other taxes, such as a surtax on grain that had been paid only with difficulty in recent years.[9] A letter fromJustinian II assured John V that a "synod of high-ranking civil and ecclesiastical officials", including theapocrisiarius and the Byzantine military, had read and thereafter sealed the text of the Third Council of Constantinople, to prevent any alteration to its canons.[10] The letter was addressed to "John pope of the city of Rome", written while the Emperor believed the pope to still be alive, but received by Pope Conon.[11]
Like his immediate predecessors, John V was unusually generous towards the diaconies of Rome, distributing 1,900solidi to "all the clergy, the monastic diaconies, and themansionarii" for the poor.[3]
After a pontificate of little more than a year, John V died in his bed in August 686, giving rise to a "heated debate over his successor". The clergy favored anarchpriest named Peter, while the army supported another priest, Theodore.[12] The faction of the clergy gathered outside theConstantinian basilica and the faction of the military met in theChurch of St. Stephen.[12]Shuttle diplomacy proved futile and eventually the clergy electedConon, a Greco-Sicilian.[12]
John V was buried among thepapal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica.[13] His inscription praised him for combatingMonothelitism at the Third Council of Constantinople "with the titles of the faith, keeping such vigilance, you united the minds so that the inimical wolf mixing in might not seize the sheep, or the more powerful crush those below".[14] John V's tomb was destroyed during theArab raid against Rome in 846.[13]
Ekonomou, Andrew J. 2007.Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern influences on Rome and the papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752. Lexington Books.ISBN978-0739119778
