Portrait of Dionysius, by the 15th c. artistSandro Botticelli, in theSistine Chapel. Dionysius is depicted in anachronistic papal vestments, along with a book, common attributes in art of this pope.
Pope Dionysius (Greek: Διονύσιος) was thebishop of Rome from 22 July 259 AD to his death on 26 December 268. His task was to reorganise theCatholic Church, after the persecutions ofEmperorValerian I, and the edict of toleration by his successorGallienus. He also helped rebuild the churches ofCappadocia, devastated by the maraudingGoths.
Dionysius was born inTerranova da Sibari[1][2][3] in the early 3rd century. He waselected pope in 259, after the martyrdom ofSixtus II in 258. TheHoly See had been vacant for nearly a year because it was difficult to elect a new pope during the violent persecution whichChristians faced.[4] When the oppression had begun to subside, Dionysius was raised to the office of Bishop of Rome.Emperor Valerian I, who had led the tyranny, was captured and killed by theKing of Persia in 260.[4] The new emperor,Gallienus, issued an edict oftoleration, restoring the churches, cemeteries and other properties it had held, ushering in the nearly 40-year "Little Peace of the Church".[5] To the new pope fell the task of reshaping the Catholic Church, which had fallen into great disorder.
Teaching regarding the relation of God to theLogos had arisen fromBishop Dionysius inAlexandria. The pope in Rome called for explanations; a satisfactory response duly arrived back, notwithstanding expostulation about the propriety of all this from some of the Alexandrian Christians.[4]
To rebuild, and to ransom those held captive, Pope Dionysius sent large sums of money to the churches ofCappadocia, devastated by maraudingGoths. Following Emperor Gallienus' edict of toleration, he brought order to the church and helped secure a peace that lasted until 303, some 35 years after his death on 26 December 268.[4]
According toSt. Athanasius, Pope St. Dionysius retroactively condemned Arianism far before theFirst Ecumenical Council of Nicaea on behalf of the entire Church saying, "For Dionysius, Bishop of Rome, having written also against those who said that the Son of God was a creature and a created thing, it is manifest that not now for the first time but from of old the heresy of the Arian adversaries of Christ has beenanathematised by all."[6]
