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Pontus (mythology)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Primordial Greek god of the sea
This article is about theGreek god. For other uses, seePontus.
Pontus
Personification of theSea
Pontus in an ancient Roman mosaic, Tunisia[citation needed]
Genealogy
ParentsGaia
SiblingsUranus,Ourea
ConsortGaia,Thalassa
OffspringNereus,Thaumas,Phorcys,Ceto,Eurybia
Greek deities
series
Water deities
Waternymphs

InGreek mythology,Pontus (/ˈpɒntəs/;Ancient Greek:Πόντος,romanizedPóntos,lit.'Sea')[1] was an ancient, pre-Olympian sea-god, one of theGreek primordial deities. Pontus wasGaia's son and has no father (similar toUranus); according to the Greek poetHesiod, he was born without coupling,[2] though according toHyginus, Pontus is the son ofAether and Gaia.[3]

Mythology

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For Hesiod, Pontus seems little more than a personification of the sea,ho póntos (Ancient Greek:ὁ Πόντος), by which Hellenes signified theMediterranean Sea.[4] After the castration of his brotherUranus, Pontus, with his mother Gaia, fatheredNereus (theOld Man of the Sea),Thaumas (the awe-striking "wonder" of the Sea, embodiment of the sea's dangerous aspects),Phorcys and his sister-consortCeto, and the "Strong Goddess"Eurybia.[5] With the sea goddessThalassa (whose own name simply means "sea" but is derived from aPre-Greek root), he fathered all sea life.[2][6][7][8]

In a Roman sculpture of the 2nd century AD, Pontus, rising from seaweed, grasps a rudder with his right hand and leans on the prow of a ship. He wears amural crown, and accompaniesFortuna, whose draperies appear at the left, as twin patron deities of theBlack Sea port ofTomis inMoesia.

Sources

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Statue of Pontus (2nd century CE,Constanța History and Archaeology Museum)

Hesiod

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She [Gaia] bore also the fruitless deep with his raging swell, Pontus, without sweet union of love.

— Hesiod,Theogony (130)[2]

And Sea begat Nereus, the eldest of his children, who is true and lies not: and men call him the Old Man because he is trusty and gentle and does not forget the laws of righteousness, but thinks just and kindly thoughts. And yet again he got great Thaumas and proud Phorcys, being mated with Earth, and fair-cheeked Ceto and Eurybia who has a heart of flint within her.

— Hesiod,Theogony (231–239)[2]

Hyginus

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From Aether and Earth [i.e. Gaia]: Grief, Deceit, Wrath, Lamentation, Falsehood, Oath, Vengeance, Intemperance, Altercation, Forgetfulness, Sloth, Fear, Pride, Incest, Combat, Ocean, Themis, Tartarus, Pontus; and the Titans, Briareus, Gyges, Steropes, Atlas, Hyperion, and Polus, Saturn, Ops, Moneta, Dione; and three Furies – namely, Alecto, Megaera, Tisiphone.[3]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*pont-eh₁-, *pn̩t-h₁, "path" (seeBeekes, R. S. P. (2009).Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Brill. p. 1221.)
  2. ^abcdEvelyn-White, Hugh G. Ed. (1914).The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation. London: William Heinemann Ltd.
  3. ^abHyginus,FabulaePreface
  4. ^TheBlack Sea was the Greeks'ho pontos euxeinos, the "sea that welcomes strangers".
  5. ^Hesiod,Theogony233–239; Gantz, p. 16; Grimal, s.v. Pontus. For a genealogical table of the descendants of Gaia and Pontus, see Gantz, p. 805.
  6. ^Rengel, Marian (2009).Greek and Roman Mythology A to Z. Infobase Publishing. p. 119.ISBN 9781604134124.
  7. ^Morford, Mark P. O. (1999).Classical Mythology. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 98, 103.ISBN 9780195143386.
  8. ^Turner, Patricia (2001).Dictionary of Ancient Deities. Oxford University Press. p. 387.ISBN 9780195145045.

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