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Pond slider

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Species of turtle

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Red Eared Slider Turtle

Trachemys scripta elegans, thered-eared slider
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]^[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Superfamily:	Testudinoidea
Family:	Emydidae
Genus:	Trachemys
Species:	T. scripta
Binomial name
*Trachemys scripta* (ThunbergandSchoepff, 1792)^[3]^[2]^[4]

Subspecies native range map in the United States. Current subspecies ranges include non-native, introduced areas and may be considered as invasive. red-eared slider (also in Mexico) yellow-bellied slider Cumberland slider
Synonyms
Pseudemys scripta

Thepond slider (Trachemys scripta) is a species of common, medium-sized, semiaquaticturtle. Three subspecies are described,^[2] the most recognizable of which is thered-eared slider (T. s. elegans), which is popular in the pet trade and has been introduced to other parts of the world by people releasing it to the wild. Hatchling and juvenile pond sliders have a green upper shell (carapace), yellow bottom shell (plastron), and green and yellow stripes and markings on their skin. These patterns and colors in the skin and shell fade with age until the carapace is a muted olive green to brown and the plastron is a dull yellow or darker. Some sliders become almost black with few visible markings.The carapace is oval with a bit of rounding and a central crest with knobs, but these features soften and fade with age, adults being smoother and flatter. For determining an adult slider's sex, males typically have much longer front claws than adult females, while females usually have shorter, more slender tails than males. Their lifespans range from 20 to 50 years.

Etymology

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The origin of the name slider stems from the behavior of these turtles when startled. Groups of sliders, sometimes quite large, as well as many other types of less abundant freshwater turtles, are often seen basking and sunning on logs, branches, and vegetation at or even well above the water's surface, but they readily and quickly scramble if they sense danger, shooting back in and darting away to safety underwater.

Distribution

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Pond sliders are native to the south-central and southeastern United States and northern Mexico.

Subspecies

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Image	Subspecies	Distribution
	T. s. scripta –yellow-bellied slider^[2]	from Florida to southeastern Virginia
	T. s. elegans –red-eared slider^[2]	Midwestern United States to northern Mexico
	T. s. troostii –Cumberland slider^[2]	Southeastern United States.

Invasive species

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Red-eared slider inTokyo

A specimen ofT. s. scripta with its eggs (Italy)

In the 1900s, many pond sliders were captured for sale. In the 1950s, millions of turtles were being farmed and shipped abroad as part of the pet trade.

These turtles often compete with native species for food, habitat, and other resources. Eventually, they bully many native species out ofbasking sites, where sunlight (and warmth) is available for the species. When basking, pond sliders commonly bask on birds' nests, thereby killing the eggs. They also prey on young birds.

Turtles that were raised in captivity can develop diseases that are unfamiliar to native species, which can be harmful. Turtles raised in captivity are often released because they become too much to handle or grow bigger than expected. Not uncommonly, they also escape.

Conservationists have warned owners not to release these turtles into the wild. Many states also have passed legislation to control the possession and release of pond sliders. Two states have banned their sale entirely.

In Europe,T. scripta is included since 2016 in thelist of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list).^[5] This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union.^[6] By the first quarter of the 21st century, this species has spread widely across the waters of Europe and Southeast Asia, and is also found in the Urals and Siberia.^[7]

Hybridization between yellow-bellied and red-eared sliders is not uncommon where the ranges of the two subspecies overlap.^[8]

References

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^van Dijk, P.P.; Harding, J. & Hammerson, G.A. (2016) [errata version of 2011 assessment]."Trachemys scripta".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2011: e.T22028A97429935.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T22028A9347395.en. Retrieved28 October 2022.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fRhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley (2010-12-14)."Turtles of the World 2010 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution and Conservation Status"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2011-07-17. Retrieved2010-12-15.
^First described by Carl Peter Thunberg, and published in:
Ioannis Davidis Schoepff (1792).Historia Testudinum Iconibus Illustrata. Published inErlangen, byIoannis Iacobi Palm. p. 16-17.
^Fritz 2007, pp. 207–208
^"List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern - Environment - European Commission".ec.europa.eu. Retrieved2021-07-27.
^"REGULATION (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the council of 22 October 2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species".
^Reshetnikov et al., 2023."Rarely naturalized, but widespread and even invasive: the paradox of a popular pet terrapin expansion in Eurasia".NeoBiota 81: 91-127https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.90473 (24 Jan 2023).
^Trachemys scripta elegans ×Trachemys scripta scriptaProject Noah

External links

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Wikispecies has information related toTrachemys scripta.

Reshetnikov, Andrey N., et al. "Rarely naturalized, but widespread and even invasive: the paradox of a popular pet terrapin expansion in Eurasia".NeoBiota Volume 81, 2023
J. Servan et C. Arvy, "The introduction ofTrachemys scripta in France. A new competitor for the European pond turtles".Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic. Number 344-345, 1997
Dewey, T. and T. Kuhrt. (2002). "Trachemys scripta" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed July 29, 2008 athttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachemys_scripta.html.
Rhudy, Robyn "Sliders" (On-Line), Accessed April 29, 2009. athttp://www.fishpondinfo.com/turtles/sliders.htm

Emydidae family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Testudinoidea
Family:Emydidae

Genera

Species of theEmydidae family

Northern red-bellied cooter(Pseudemys rubriventris)

Chrysemys

Painted turtle

Clemmys

Spotted turtle

Deirochelys

Chicken turtle

Actinemys

Emys

Emydoidea

Blanding's turtle

Glyptemys

Graptemys

Malaclemys

Diamondback terrapin

Pseudemys

Terrapene

Trachemys

†Wilburemys

†Wilburemys yakimensis

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Key: †=extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Trachemys scripta	Wikidata:Q142985 Wikispecies:Trachemys scripta ADW:Trachemys_scripta AFD:Trachemys_scripta BioLib:25100 BOLD:80311 CoL:C8JV7 EoL:52570494 EUNIS:12253 GBIF:2443002 iNaturalist:39782 IRMNG:10365552 ITIS:173819 IUCN:22028 NAS:1259 NatureServe:2.104105 NBN:NHMSYS0000080227 NCBI:34903 Observation.org:79350 Open Tree of Life:725741 Paleobiology Database:121572 RD:scripta WoRMS:999901