ThePolitics of Montenegro (Montenegrin:Politika Crne Gore / Политика Црне Горе) takes place in a framework of aparliamentaryrepresentative democraticrepublic, whereby thePrime Minister of Montenegro is thehead of government, and of amulti-party system.Executive power is exercised by the government.Legislative power is vested in both thegovernment and theParliament of Montenegro. TheJudiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. TheEconomist Intelligence Unit rated Montenegro a "flawed democracy" in 2022.[1][needs update]
The currentConstitution of Montenegro was ratified and adopted by theConstitutional Parliament ofMontenegro on 19 October 2007. The Constitution was officially proclaimed as the Constitution of Montenegro on 22 October 2007. This Constitution replaced the Constitution of 1992.
The new Constitution definesMontenegro as a civic,democratic andenvironmentally friendly country withsocial justice, established by thesovereign rights of its government.
| Office | Name | Party | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| President of Montenegro | Jakov Milatović | Europe Now! | 20 May 2023 |
| Prime Minister of Montenegro | Milojko Spajić | Europe Now! | 31 October 2023 |
| President of the Parliament | Andrija Mandić | New Serb Democracy | 30 October 2023 |
TheGovernment of Montenegro (Влада Републике Црне Горе,Vlada Republike Crne Gore) comprises the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers as well as ministers.Milojko Spajić is the Prime Minister of Montenegro and head of the Government, since 31 October 2023. The44nd composition of the Government of Montenegro.
ThePresident of Montenegro is elected for a period of five years through direct and secret ballots. The President:
TheGovernment of Montenegro is appointed by majority vote of the Parliament. The Government:
ThePrime Minister of Montenegro directs the work of the Government, and submits to the Parliament the Government's Program including a list of proposed ministers. The resignation of the Prime Minister will cause the fall of the Government.
TheParliament of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Скупштина Црне Горе,Skupština Crne Gore) is thelegislature ofMontenegro. The Parliament currently has 81 members, each elected for a four-year term. Montenegro has amulti-party system, with numerousparties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, andparties must work with each other to formcoalition governments.
The Assembly passes all laws in Montenegro, ratifies international treaties, appoints theprime minister, ministers, and justices of all courts, adopts the budget and performs other duties as established by the Constitution. The Parliament can pass a vote of no-confidence on the Government by a majority of the members. One deputy is elected per 6,000 voters, which in turn results in a reduction of total number of deputies in the Assembly of Montenegro.
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Europe Now! | 77,203 | 25.53 | 24 | +22 | |
| Together! (DPS–SD–LP–UDSh) | 70,228 | 23.22 | 21 | −12 | |
| For the Future of Montenegro (NSD–DNP–RP) | 44,565 | 14.74 | 13 | −2 | |
| Aleksa and Dritan – Count Bravely! (Democrats–URA) | 37,730 | 12.48 | 11 | −1 | |
| Bosniak Party | 21,423 | 7.08 | 6 | +3 | |
| SNP–DEMOS | 9,472 | 3.13 | 2 | −4 | |
| Social Democratic Party of Montenegro | 9,010 | 2.98 | 0 | −2 | |
| Justice for All | 8,380 | 2.77 | 0 | New | |
| Albanian Forum (ASh–LDSh–UNSh) | 5,767 | 1.91 | 2 | +2 | |
| Turnaround for a Safe Montenegro | 4,833 | 1.60 | 0 | New | |
| Albanian Alliance (FORCA–PD–LSMZ) | 4,512 | 1.49 | 1 | –1 | |
| People's Coalition (DHP–PCG–SCG–DSS–PZPV) | 3,630 | 1.20 | 0 | −1 | |
| Croatian Civic Initiative | 2,226 | 0.74 | 1 | +1 | |
| Movement for Changes | 1,993 | 0.66 | 0 | −5 | |
| Yes, We Can! | 1,444 | 0.48 | 0 | New | |
| Total | 302,416 | 100.00 | 81 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 302,416 | 99.05 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 2,890 | 0.95 | |||
| Total votes | 305,306 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 542,468 | 56.28 | |||
| Source:RTC | |||||
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party of Socialists | 143,515 | 35.06 | 30 | –6 | |
| For the Future of Montenegro | 133,261 | 32.55 | 27 | +6 | |
| Peace is Our Nation | 51,298 | 12.53 | 10 | –2 | |
| In Black and White | 22,679 | 5.54 | 4 | +2 | |
| Social Democrats | 16,769 | 4.10 | 3 | +1 | |
| Bosniak PartyM | 16,279 | 3.98 | 3 | +1 | |
| Social Democratic Party | 12,835 | 3.14 | 2 | –2 | |
| Albanian ListM | 6,488 | 1.58 | 1 | 0 | |
| Albanian CoalitionM | 4,675 | 1.14 | 1 | +1 | |
| Croatian Civic InitiativeM | 1,106 | 0.27 | 0 | –1 | |
| Croatian Reform PartyM | 496 | 0.12 | 0 | New | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 4,500 | 2.09 | – | – | |
| Total | 413,894 | 100 | 81 | 0 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 540,026 | 76.64 | – | – | |
| Mdenotes the national minority lists, for which the 3% threshold does not apply. | |||||
In April 2018,Milo Djukanovic, the leader of the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS), won Montenegro’spresidential election. The veteran politician had served as prime minister six times and as president once before.[2]
In September 2020, President Milo Djukanovic’s Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) narrowly lost theparliamentary election after having led the country for 30 years. The opposition, “For the Future of Montenegro” (ZBCG) bloc, composed mainly of Serb national parties.[3] The new pro-serbian government was formed by Prime MinisterZdravko Krivokapic. However, Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapic's government was toppled in no-confidence vote after only 14 months in power.[4] In April 2022, a new minority government, comprising moderate parties that are both pro-European and pro-Serb, was formed. The new government was led by Prime MinisterDritan Abazovic.[5]
In March 2023,Jakov Milatovic, a pro-western candidate of theEurope Now movement, won the presidentialelection run-off over incumbent Milo Djukanovic to succeed him as the nextPresident of Montenegro.[6]
On 31 October 2023,Milojko Spajic of the Europe Now Movement became Montenegro's new prime minister, leading a coalition of both pro-European and pro-Serb parties.[7]
Montenegro follows the principle of division of powers. Itsjudicial,legislative, andexecutive branches are independent of each other. The judiciary is autonomous and independent. The rulings of the courts must be in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of Montenegro. Appointment to a judiciary position is permanent.
With regard to the legal profession, it is important to note that Montenegro officially became a sovereign state in 2006. According to a 2015 source, the country has approximately 800 registered attorneys and the bar association has existed for over a century.[8] Although the Bar Association of Montenegro [Advokatska Komora Crne Gore] maintains records, there is no indication as to how demographic groups, such as women, have fared in the legal field.
Montenegro is divided in 25 municipalities.
A new officialflag of Montenegro was adopted on July 12, 2004, by the Montenegrin legislature. The new flag is based on the personal standard ofKing Nikola I of Montenegro. This flag was all red with a gold border, a gold coat of arms, and the initials "НИ" in Cyrillic script (corresponding to NI in Latin script) representingKing Nikola I. These initials are omitted from the modern flag. The national day of 13 July marks the date in 1878 when theCongress of Berlin recognised Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world. It is also the date of the13 July Uprising in 1941 against Fascist Italian occupiers.
In 2004, the Montenegrin legislature selected a popular Montenegrin folk song, "Oh the Bright Dawn of May", as thenational anthem. Montenegro's official anthem during the reign of King Nikola wasUbavoj nam Crnoj Gori (To our beautiful Montenegro).
