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Art in Poland refers to all forms ofvisual art in or associated withPoland.
Polish art has often reflected European trends while maintaining its unique character. TheKraków school ofhistory painting developed byJan Matejko produced monumental portrayals of significant events and customs throughout Polish history. He is referred to as the most famousPolish painter or even as the "national painter" of Poland.[2][3][4]Stanisław Witkiewicz was an ardent supporter ofRealism in Polish art, its main representative beingJozef Chełmoński.
The Młoda Polska (Young Poland) movement witnessed the birth of modern Polish art and engaged in a great deal of formal experimentation led byJacek Malczewski (Symbolism),Stanisław Wyspiański,Józef Mehoffer, and a group of PolishImpressionists.
Artists of the twentieth-century Avant-Garde represented various schools and life. The art ofTadeusz Makowski was influenced byCubism; whileWładysław Strzemiński andHenryk Stażewski worked within the Constructivist idiom. Distinguished contemporary artists includeRoman Opałka,Leon Tarasewicz,Jerzy Nowosielski,Wojciech Siudmak,Mirosław Bałka, andKatarzyna Kozyra and Zbigniew Wąsiel in the younger generation.Tamara de Lempicka was a Polish artist creatingArt Déco paintings.Józef Czajkowski was an artist of many forms, including painting, architecture, and furniture design.[5] The most celebrated Polish sculptors includeXawery Dunikowski,Katarzyna Kobro,Alina Szapocznikow andMagdalena Abakanowicz.[citation needed] Since the inter-war years, Polish art and documentary photography has enjoyed worldwide recognition.
After theSecond World War in Poland only few famous artists like paintersAndrzej Wróblewski,Bronisław Linke and film directorAndrzej Wajda (recipient of anHonorary Oscar) commemorated the war's victims of the NaziHolocaust,Warsaw Ghetto Uprising andWarsaw Uprising.
Kapists (Jan Cybis,Jan Szancenbach,Artur Nacht-Samborski,Hanna Rudzka-Cybisowa),Grupa Krakowska (Tadeusz Kantor,Maria Jarema,Jerzy Nowosielski), individuals likePiotr Potworowski,Władysław Hasior,Ludwik Konarzewski (junior),Stefan Knapp,Jerzy Duda-Gracz,Zdzisław Beksiński were some important Polish post-war painters.
In the sixties thePolish Poster School was formed, withHenryk Tomaszewski andWaldemar Świerzy at its head.[6]
Some of the most important representatives of contemporary art areWilhelm Sasnal,Rafał Bujnowski,Józef Robakowski,Paweł Althamer,Artur Żmijewski,Mirosław Bałka,Leszek Knaflewski,Robert Kuśmirowski,Zuzanna Janin,Krzysztof Wodiczko,Paulina Ołowska,Katarzyna Kozyra,Joanna Rajkowska, Gruppa Azorro.
Independent galleries, mainly in Warsaw, Krakow, and Poznań, play an important role. In many cities museums of modern art are being built, gathering not only national but also international collections (Krakow, Wrocław, and Toruń). InWarsaw, work is underway to build theMuseum of Modern Art, which operates a temporary building, creating an international collection of contemporary art. It is open to the public since 2013.
