| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 130,000[1][2][citation needed] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Caracas,Maracaibo,Valencia,Maracay | |
| Languages | |
| Predominantly inSpanish, minority speakPolish and/orYiddish | |
| Religion | |
| majorityRoman Catholicism (Poles), minority areOrthodox andJudaism (Polish Jews) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Poles,Polish Brazilians,Polish Americans,Polish Canadians |
Polish Venezuelans (Polish:Polscy Wenezuelczycy,Spanish:polaco-venezolanos) areVenezuelan citizens of full or partialPolish ancestry. The Polish colony in Venezuela is well dispersed throughout the country, but most of the Poles and their descendants live in big cities like Caracas, Maracaibo and Valencia.
In the 1630s, there were ideas being proposed between DukeJacob Kettler and the King of thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,John II Casimir Vasa forCuronian colonization of Venezuela. Polish ships had explored settlements within the Caribbean and tried on four occasions to establish a colony on the nearby island ofTobago, however the attempt of a colony failed and all plans to establish a colony in Venezuela faltered.[3] In 1787, Polish KingStanisław August Poniatowski hosted future Venezuelan military leader and revolutionary,Francisco de Miranda for a few days inKaniów (in present-dayUkraine) while Miranda was traveling Europe.[3] During theVenezuelan War of Independence, several Polish officers served and fought for Venezuelan independence against Spanish troops. One Polish officer,Izydor Borowski fought for Venezuelan independence and was promoted to general bySimón Bolívar.[3] Soon after Venezuela obtained independence, small numbers of Poles immigrated to Venezuela, many of them scientists, clergy, architects and engineers.[3]
Polish immigration to Venezuela occurred in three stages, the first duringWorld War II, whenPolish citizens of Jewish origin were fleeing theHolocaust.[citation needed]
The second happened immediately after the war (years 1946–1948), when the Poles of Jewish origin who survived the war joined their relatives already established in Venezuela. In addition, many Polish soldiers who had fought in Britain, Germany and Italy or were prisoners inNazi camps migrated to Venezuela. Others migrated also after the war from Europe (not from Jewish origins) escaping the Soviets and ended being successful architects, engineers, businessmen and extraordinary human beings. Many escape to Germany at the end of the war and waited for two or three years to get documents and travel permits to move to Latin America, many came to Venezuela during the period of 1948 - 1952.[citation needed]
The next wave of Polish immigration to Venezuela took place between 1957 and 1958 when a few hundred Polish citizens primarily of Jewish origin arrived. There were others who escaped from Poland during a communist crackdown (1947–1956).[4][5]
As for their profession and employment, the largest group among Poles in Venezuela is constituted by representatives of small family business. There are a considerable number of musicians, academics and doctors.Teodoro Petkoff Malec is aVenezuelanpolitician, ex-guerrilla,journalist andeconomist. One of the most prominent politicians on theleft in Venezuela, Petkoff began as acommunist but gravitated towardsliberalism in the 1990s. The governor ofMiranda state,Henrique Capriles Radonski, film directorJonathan Jakubowicz, and the writerLuis Zelkowicz are of Polish origin. In the sports world,Jimy Szymanski is a representative of Venezuela in tennis and Ricardo Wloka a jockey.Ilan Chester is a singer and composer. Mariano Kossowski and his brother Andrés Kossowski foundedPromar TV inBarquisimeto, Lara State.[6]Nina Novak prima ballerina is a dance national prize of 1996,Harry Abend, is a national prize winning sculptor, and Maria Magdalena and Andrzej Antczak are recognized archaeologists.Andres Gluski is CEO ofAES.Ángel Rosenblat was a philologist, essayist and hispanist.Mieczysław Detyniecki is a painter.David Smolansky, politician,Voluntad Popular, former mayor of El Hatillo, Miranda State.Franco de Peña, film director.Gerardo Gerulewicz, pianist and composer. Two Polish Venezuelans have achieved considerable success in theMiss Venezuela. In 1996, Miss Venezuela for Miss World pageant wasAna Cepinska who then get the third place in theMiss World 1996 pageant in India. In 2003 one of the 10 finalists of Miss Venezuela wasFrancys Sudnicka, who later represented Poland in theMiss Universe 2006 (did not place) andMiss Earth 2006 (semi-finalist) pageants.[4]Marius Sznajderman is a painter, printmaker and scenic designer.Eduardo Krulig, plastic surgeon.Pynchas Brener, former rabbi of Caracas, actual ambassador of Venezuela in Israel.Waclaw Zalewski was engaged as architect by Universidad de los Andes andMIT. The project "Polish Diaspora in Numbers /Polonia w Liczbach Wspolnota Polska" on Facebook is made by Monica Puerta de Pieslak, a Venezuelan.
