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| Police of Finland Poliisi (Finnish) Polis (Swedish) | |
|---|---|
 The head of lion from theFinnish coat of arms and the sword emblem is the symbol of the Police of Finland | |
| Common name | Poliisi (the police) |
| Motto | Kaikkien turvaaja kaikkina aikoina. eng. ″Everyone's protector at all times.″ |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1816; 209 years ago (1816)[1] |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| Operations jurisdiction | Finland |
| General nature | |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | Helsinki |
| Parent agency | Ministry of the Interior |
| Website | |
| Official Site | |
ThePolice of Finland (Finnish:Poliisi,Swedish:Polis) is a nationalgovernment agency responsible for generalpolice andlaw enforcement matters in theRepublic of Finland. The Police of Finland is subordinate to theMinistry of the Interior and consists of the National Police Board (Finnish:Poliisihallitus,Swedish:Polisstyrelsen), two national police units and 11 local police departments.[2]
On October 1, 2003, the Public Order Act went into effect, standardising public ordinances throughout the country.[3]
The roots of policing in Finland date back to the early 19th century, when Governor-GeneralFabian Steinheil (1762–1831) demanded the establishment of a police department inTurku in 1811. The first police department was established in Turku in December 1816.[1][4] After this, police departments were established inHelsinki in 1826 and inVyborg in 1836.[1] In the late 19th century, police departments were established inTampere (1891) andPori (1899), and in 13 other cities between 1902 and 1916.[5]
The police is divided into police departments, which encompass the area of multiplemunicipalities; municipalities do not have police forces of their own. The function of each police department is to maintain general law and order, prevent crime, investigate crime and other events that threaten public order and safety, to carry out traffic control and surveillance and promote traffic safety, and perform all other duties prescribed by law or otherwise assigned to the police in their area. Local police departments are organized into uniformed patrol police (Finnish:järjestyspoliisi, literally "order police") and criminal investigation police (Finnish:rikospoliisi, literally "criminal police").
Local police also processes licenses and permits such asgun licenses,national ID cards andpassports, and furthermore, enforces immigration decisions by theFinnish Immigration Service. Local police must also be notified when organizing public events that may significantly influence local public security and traffic. Driving licenses were once issued by the local police, but since 2016 are issued by Traficom (Finnish Transport and Communications Agency).[6]
Alarm services are operated by Emergency Response Centres managed by theMinistry of the Interior in cooperation with theMinistry of Social Affairs and Health.[7]
Local police departments as of 2014:[8][9]
In addition,Åland has its own police department which falls under the responsibility of theGovernment of Åland (seelaw enforcement in Åland).
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TheNational Bureau of Investigation (Finnish:Keskusrikospoliisi, KRP,Swedish:Centralkriminalpolisen, CKP) is responsible for major criminal investigations and certain types of specialist services such as fingerprint recognition. The NBI was formed in 1954 to assist the country's other police elements in efforts against crime, particularly that of a serious or deeply rooted nature.[10] A special concern of the NBI iswhite-collar crime. To carry out its mission, the force has advanced technical means at its disposal, and it maintains Finland's fingerprint and identification files. The NBI is not a part of the police, instead it is a separate nationwide law enforcement agency which assists local police with investigations. .[10]
ThePolice University College (Finnish:Poliisiammattikorkeakoulu, Polamk,Swedish:Polisyrkeshögskolan) inTampere is responsible for police training, research and development.[11]
TheFinnish Security Intelligence Service (Finnish:Suojelupoliisi, Supo,Swedish:Skyddspolisen, Skypo) is responsible for national security and the investigation of related crimes. The Supo was moved directly under the Ministry of the Interior in 2016.[12]
The National Traffic Police (Finnish:Liikkuva poliisi,Swedish:Rörliga polisen) was folded into the local police in 2013, thus local police is also responsible for highway patrol. Originally, local police districts were very small and had limited resources, so a separate mobile police organization was founded for riot control, alcohol law enforcement and reserve force duties. Political reliability and independence from local strongmen was also important because of the threat from fascists; indeed, the first task was to escort former presidentK.J. Ståhlberg back to his home afterhe was kidnapped by theLapua Movement. This organization later evolved into a highway patrol. However, because of mergers, local police departments had become larger. Thus, the separate national organization was deemed redundant and traffic police units were subordinated to the local police departments instead, without change in the actual number of highway patrol officers.
Special Intervention Unit Karhu (Finnish:Poliisin valmiusyksikkö Karhu), also known as the "Bear Squad" (Finnish:"Karhu-ryhmä"), is a specialized armed response unit. The unit is officially part of the Helsinki Police Department.[13]
In June 2008, the Finnish police established a Police Incident Response Team tasked with improving the prevention, detection and management of serious information security incidents.[14]
The police uses a VATV (Vaativan ajotavan valvonta) unit that is specialized in high-speed driving and pursuits. The unit consists of specially trained police officers who utilize several unmarked high-performance cars.[15]
The Finnish police uses the following ranks:[16][17][18]
Criminal investigators prefix their ranks withrikos-, "Detective", literally "Crime", e.g.rikostarkastaja.
Rank insignia on the shoulder epaulettes is all silver on blue with a silver button. The rank insignia for Senior Constable is a single bar, added with two chevrons for Sergeant. Police officers have bordered rows of oak leaves, with a Lion of Finland next to them. Additionally, on the collar there is pentagonal insignia that always has the emblem with laurel leaves and a border, but with colors slightly varying with rank; officers have a border around the pentagon.
| Group | Officers | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insignia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| Rank | Poliisiylijohtaja Polisöverdirektör | Poliisijohtaja Polisdirektör | Poliisipäällikkö Polischef | Poliisiylitarkastaja Polisöverinspektör | Apulais-poliisipäällikkö Biträdande polischef | Poliisitarkastaja Polisinspektör | Ylikomisario Överkommissarie | Komisario Kommissarie | |
| Commonwealth equivalent | Inspector-General | Deputy Inspector-General | Commissioner | Deputy Commissioner | Assistant Commissioner | Superintendent | Chief inspector | Inspector | |
| Group | Non-commissioned officers | Policemen | |||||||
| Insignia |  |  |  | ||||||
| Commonwealth equivalent | Ylikonstaapeli Överkonstapel | Vanhempi konstaapeli Äldre konstapel | Nuorempi konstaapeli Yngre konstapel | ||||||
| English | Sergeant | Senior constable | Police constable | ||||||
| Model | Origin | Type | Usage | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taser X26 |  USA | Less lethal | ||
| FN 303 |  Belgium | |||
| Glock 17 |  Austria | Semi-automatic pistol | Being replaced by theWalter P99Q | [20] |
| Walter P99Q |  Germany | Standard issue | ||
| Heckler & Koch VP9 | In use | [21] | ||
| Glock 19 | Austria | [22] | ||
| Glock 26 | ||||
| Heckler & Koch MP5 | Germany | Submachine gun | Being replaced by theCZ Scorpion Evo 3 | [23] |
| CZ Scorpion Evo 3 |  Czech Republic | Standard issue | [24] | |
| Heckler & Koch G36C | Germany | Assault rifle | [25] | |
| Remington 870 | USA | Shotgun | [26] |
The most common patrol vehicle of police in Finland is Volkswagen Transporter, usually with 2.5 L diesel engines. In 2002 about one third of Finnish police cars were Transporters.[27] Transporters are also used byborder guards, customs, andsotilaspoliisi (military police).Due to the bilingualism of the country, the right side of the vehicles is marked in Finnish (POLIISI), the left side is marked in Swedish (POLIS). The siren used for the Finnish police cars are also used for the police of Sweden.
Marked police motorcycles are usually eitherBMW K1200 RS,Yamaha FJR 1300,Yamaha FZ1,Yamaha XT660,Kawasaki Ninja H2,Honda VFR1200 orKTM 1190 Adventure models. Unmarked motorcycles are Yamaha YZF1000R Thunderace- and Yamaha YZF-R1 models. Motorcycles are used in pursuit situations. The quad bikes are also used in service, mostly used arePolaris Sportsman andCan-Am Outlander.
Additionally, Finnish police operatessnowmobiles,water scooters and boats.[29] Helsinki department also has amounted police unit.
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