| Point Sur State Historic Park | |
|---|---|
 Point Sur fromCalifornia State Route 1 | |
   | |
| Location | Monterey County, California, United States |
| Nearest city | Carmel, California |
| Coordinates | 36°18′23″N121°54′6″W / 36.30639°N 121.90167°W /36.30639; -121.90167 |
| Area | 92 acres (37 ha) |
| Established | 1986 |
| Governing body | California Department of Parks and Recreation |
Point Sur State Historic Park is aCalifornia State Park on theBig Sur coastline ofMonterey County, California, United States, 19 miles (31 km) south of Rio Road inCarmel. The 1889Point Sur Lighthouse is on theNational Register of Historic Places.[1]
The point was granted as a part ofRancho El Sur in 1834 by GovernorJosé Figueroa toJuan Bautista Alvarado.[2]
Point Sur was a notorious hazard to navigation. The 725-ton steamerUSS Ventura was the fastest ship in Goodall, Nelson & Perkins’ fleet; she could do thirteen knots. On Tuesday, April 20, 1875, she set sail from San Francisco with 225 passengers and 500 tons of freight. In dense fog the ship ran onto rocks just north of Point Sur. The ship's commander, Captain George John Fake, was a veteran mariner. He had navigated the route between Monterey and San Francisco for several years. But this was his first trip from Monterey to Southern California.[3] While he was drunk that night, the absence of a light contributed to the tragedy. The sinking of theVentura became the impetus for building a lightstation in the remote area.[4][3]
Other ships lost in the area include the 493 tons (447 t) S.S.Los Angeles (originallyUSRCWayanda), which ran aground in 1894, theMajestic in 1909, theShna-Yak in 1916, theThomas L. Wand in 1922, theBabinda in 1923, theRhine Maru, thePanama and theS. Catania in 1930, and theHoward Olson in 1956.[5]
John Bautista Henry Cooper, who owned the portion ofRancho El Sur surroundingPoint Sur, sold to the United States .5 acres (0.20 ha) of land on the rocky summit of Point Sur for $5 and the right-of-way for $1,495 (or about $52,000 today) as recorded on November 9, 1889.[6]
In 1888,Joseph Post won a government contract to build the road from thecoastal road his father W.B. Post had built to Point Sur, where the lighthouse would be built.[7]
Point Sur Lighthouse opened on August 1, 1889. The station was very remote and was necessarily self-sufficient, as most supplies had to be brought in by ship. Lighthouse employees and their families had their own vegetable gardens. Children stayed with local ranchers during the week to attend school, returning home on weekends, or stayed with distant relatives. In 1927, a schoolteacher was assigned to the lightstation to teach the six children who resided there. When thetwo-lane road from Monterey to the Big Sur Village was completed in 1927, children could attend school at a school house on Highway 1. In the 1940s, children from the lightstation were assimilated into Big Sur's larger school.[4]
The coast off Point Sur Lighthouse was the location of the sinking of theUnited States NavyairshipUSS Macon (ZRS-5) in 1935. The Lighthouse Service was absorbed into the Coast Guard in 1939, and Point Sur Lighthouse became the property of the Coast Guard. The lightstation was automated in the late 1960s, and in 1974 ceased to have a light keeper. Point Sur State Historic Park was established in 1986.
In 2000, the nearbyNaval Facility Point Sur, except for one building retained by the U.S. Navy, was transferred to theCalifornia State Park system. It became part of the Point Sur State Historic Park. The state park used some of the facility's housing for a period. The facility is open for guided tours on weekends.[8]
On February 3, 2017, the California Historical Resources Commission nominated Naval Facility Point Sur for theNational Register of Historic Places. It was chosen in part because Point Sur NAVFAC is one of the last remaining Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) facilities, and the only one remaining on the West Coast.[9][10]
The land formation later known as Point Sur is visible at sea for 10 miles (16 km) and was first mentioned in the logs ofJuan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1552. Sebastian Viscaino visited the area in the early 1600s, and his 1603 map names the promontory "Punta que Parece Isla" (meaning "Point that looks like an island"). In 1769, explorerMiguel Costansó, a member of thePortolá expedition, named the point "Morro de la Trompa" because it looked like a rock in the shape of a trumpet.[11]
The name "El Sur" (meaning "The South") was first applied to a land grant namedRancho El Sur given by GovernorJosé Figueroa toJuan Bautista Alvarado on July 30, 1834. The name of the rock was shortened to Moro Rock,[12][13] until the U.S. Coast Survey renamed it Point Sur in 1851.[10][11]
Point Sur State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area are marine protected areas offshore from Point Sur Lighthouse. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems.
