Planning permission orbuilding permit refers to the approval needed for construction or expansion (including significantrenovation), and sometimes for demolition, in some jurisdictions.[1][2]
House building permits, for example, are subject tobuilding codes. There is also a "plan check" (PLCK) to check compliance with plans for the area, if any.[3] For example, one cannot obtain permission to build a nightclub in an area where it is inappropriate such as a high-density suburb.[4][5] The criteria for planning permission are a part ofurban planning andconstruction law, and are usually managed bytown planners employed bylocal governments.[6][7]
Failure to obtain a permit can result infines,penalties, anddemolition of unauthorized construction if it cannot be made to meet code. Generally, the new construction must beinspected during construction and after completion to ensure compliance with national, regional, and localbuilding codes. Since building permits usually precede outlays for construction, employment, financing and furnishings, they are often used as aleading indicator for developments in other areas of the economy.
The number of building permits issued per year varies by country.[8] By-right approval processes can be faster than discretionary approval processes.[9]
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As part ofbroadcast law, the term is also used inbroadcasting, where individualradio andtelevision stations typically must apply for and receive permission to constructradio towers andradio antennas. This type of permit is issued by a national broadcasting authority, but doesnot implyzoning any other permission that must be given bylocal government. The permit itself also does not necessarily imply permission to operate the station once constructed. In the U.S., a construction permit is valid for three years. Afterwards, the station must receive a full license to operate, which is good for 7 years.[10] This is provided by a separatebroadcast license, also called a "license to cover" by theFederal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. Further permission or registration fortowers may be needed fromaviation authorities.
In the U.S., construction permits for new commercial stations are now assigned by auction, rather than the former process of determining who would serve thecommunity of license best. If the givenfrequency allocation is sought by at least onenon-commercial educational (NCE) applicant, or is on an NCE-reserved TV channel or in theFM reserved band, the comparative process still takes place, though the FCC refuses to consider whichradio format the applicants propose.
In Canada, theCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission maintains a comparative process in issuing permits, ensuring that a variety of programming is available in each area, and that as many groups as possible have access tofree speech overradio waves.
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