| Piperales | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Piper aduncum | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Piperales Bercht. &J.Presl[2] |
| Families | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
Piperales is an order offlowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the familyPiperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order includeblack pepper,kava, the manyPeperomias,pepper elder,lizard's tail,birthwort, andwild ginger.[4] The twoperianthless families Piperaceae and Saururaceae are mainly herbaceous plants possessing highly reduced flowers.[5][6]
In theAPG IV system, of 2016, this order is placed in the clademagnoliids and is circumscribed as follows:[7]
| The current composition andphylogeny of the Piperales.[7][3] | |
This is an expansion from theAPG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in themagnoliids) but used this circumscription:
TheCronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclassMagnoliidae of classMagnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
TheEngler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassisArchichlamydeae in classDicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
TheWettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to theMonochlamydeae in subclassChoripetalae of classDicotyledones. It used the circumscription:
