| King Ping of Zhou 周平王 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||
| King of the Zhou dynasty | |||||||||
| Reign | 770–16 April 720 BC | ||||||||
| Predecessor | King You of Zhou | ||||||||
| Successor | King Huan of Zhou | ||||||||
| Died | 16 April 720 BC[1] | ||||||||
| Issue | Crown Prince Xiefu Prince Hu Ruizu of Zhou (周睿祖) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Ji | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Zhou (Eastern Zhou) | ||||||||
| Father | King You of Zhou[2] | ||||||||
| Mother | Queen Shen | ||||||||
| King Ping of Zhou | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posthumous name | |||||||||
| Chinese | 周平王 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | The Peaceful King of Zhou | ||||||||
| |||||||||
King Ping of Zhou (Chinese:周平王;pinyin:Zhōu Píng Wáng; died 16 April 720 BC), personal nameJi Yijiu,[3] was the thirteenthking of China'sZhou dynasty and the first of theEastern Zhou dynasty.[4]
He was the son ofKing You of Zhou andQueen Shen (申后).
King You had exiled Queen Shen and Ji Yijiu after the king became enamoured with hisconcubineBao Si and made herqueen and his sonBofu his heir.[5] As a result, Queen Shen’s father, theMarquess of Shen, teamed with theQuanrong nomads and local satellitestates to overthrow King You.[4][6] In theBattle of Mount Li King You and Bofu were killed, and Bao Si captured. Ji Yijiu ascended the throne. At about the same time, Jī Hàn (姬翰), Duke of Guó (虢公), elevated Jī Yúchén (姬余臣) to the throne asKing Xie of Zhou (周携王), and the Zhou Dynasty saw a period oftwo parallel kings until King Xie was killed byMarquis Wen of Jin (晋文侯) in 750 BCE.
The Xinian manuscript, however, has challenged this traditional narrative. It seems to indicate that King Xie (also known as King Hui, or the King at Xie) was originally accepted by many of the regional lords over King Ping. After Marquis Wen of Jin killed Xie, there was not an officially accepted King of Zhou for 9 years, until, in 741 BCE, Marquis Wen recognized Ping. Three years later, in 738 BCE, Wen helped Ping move to Chengzhou.[7]
King Ping moved theWestern Zhou dynasty's capital east fromHaojing toLuoyang,[8] thus ending theWestern Zhou[citation needed] and beginning the Eastern Zhou dynasty and theSpring and Autumn period. He is the first Zhou king to be mentioned in the chronological account of theZuo Zhuan.
Over 14 centuries after King Ping’s death,Tang dynasty Empress regnantWu Zetian claimed ancestry from King Ping through his son Prince Wu, and changed the dynastic name to Zhou, which was reverted to Tang after her death.[9]
| King Li of Zhou (890–828 BC) | |||||||||||||||
| King Xuan of Zhou (d. 782 BC) | |||||||||||||||
| Shen Jiang ofShen | |||||||||||||||
| King You of Zhou (d. 771 BC) | |||||||||||||||
| Duke Wu of Qi | |||||||||||||||
| Queen Jiang ofQi | |||||||||||||||
| King Ping of Zhou (d. 720 BC) | |||||||||||||||
| Marquis of Shen | |||||||||||||||
| Queen Shen ofShen | |||||||||||||||
三年，春，王三月，壬戌，平王崩，赴以庚戌，故書之。
King Ping of Zhou Died: 720 BC | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | King of China 770–16 April 720 BC | Succeeded by |
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