 Pine (Pinus sylvestris) essential oil in a clear glass vial | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names Essential oil of pine Yarmor | |
| Identifiers | |
| 8191505 | |
| ChemSpider |
|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.219.894 |
| UNII | |
| Properties | |
| Mixture | |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Density | 0.875 g/cm3 at 25 °C (approximate) |
| Melting point | 5 °C (41 °F; 278 K) |
| Boiling point | 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K) |
| Insoluble | |
| logP | 1.7 |
| Vapor pressure | 4 mmHg |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 65 °C (149 °F; 338 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Pine oil is anessential oil obtained from a variety of species ofpine, particularlyPinus sylvestris. Typically, parts of the trees that are not used for lumber — stumps, etc. — are ground and subjected tosteam distillation.[2] As of 1995, synthetic pine oil was the "biggest singleturpentine derivative."[3] Synthetic pine oils accounted for 90% of sales as of 2000.[4]
Pine oil is a higher boiling fraction fromturpentine. Both synthetic and natural pine oil consists mainly ofα-terpineol, a C10 alcohol (b.p. 214–217 °C).[5][1] Other components includedipentene andpinene.[6] The detailed composition of natural pine oil depends on many factors, such as the species of the host plant.[7] Synthetic pine oil is obtained by treatingpinene with water in the presence of a catalytic amount ofsulfuric acid. This treatment results inhydration of the alkene and rearrangement of the pinene skeleton, yielding terpineols.[4]
Industrially, pine oil was once used infroth flotation for the separation of mineral from ores.[1] For example, incopper extraction, pine oil is used to conditioncopper sulfide ores forfroth flotation.
It is also used as alubricant in small and expensiveclockwork instruments.
Inalternative medicine it is used inaromatherapy and as a scent inbath oils.
Pine oil is used as a cleaning product,disinfectant,sanitizer,microbicide (ormicrobistat),virucide orinsecticide.[5] It is an effective herbicide where its action is to modify the waxy cuticle of plants, resulting in desiccation.[8] Pine oil is a disinfectant that is mildly antiseptic.[9] It is effective againstBrevibacterium ammoniagenes, the fungiCandida albicans,Enterobacter aerogenes,Escherichia coli,Gram-negativeenteric bacteria, household germs, Gram-negative household germs such as those causingsalmonellosis,herpes simplex types 1 and 2,influenza type A, influenza virus type A/Brazil, influenza virus type A2/Japan, intestinal bacteria,Klebsiella pneumoniae, odor-causing bacteria, mold, mildew,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella choleraesuis,Salmonella typhi,Salmonella typhosa,Serratia marcescens,Shigella sonnei,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus faecalis,Streptococcus pyogenes, andTrichophyton mentagrophytes.[5]
With respect to the quality of indoor air, attention is directed to the effects of ambient ozone on pine oil components.[10] Large doses may causecentral nervous system depression.[1]
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