Pine Creek is a tributary ofMahantango Creek inSchuylkill andDauphin counties,Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 23.7 miles (38.1 km) long. The creek flows through Foster Township, Hegins Township, Hubley Township, and Upper Mahantango Township in Schuylkill County and Lykens Township in Dauphin County.[1] The creek's watershed has an area of 76.8 square miles (199 km2) and its tributaries include Rausch Creek and Deep Creek. Pine Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by abandoned mine drainage and resource extraction. However, it is designated as a coldwater fishery.
Pine Creek begins in southwesternFoster Township, Schuylkill County, nearInterstate 81. The creek heads west-southwest into a valley, enteringHegins Township, where it passes through Dell Lake. Some distance downstream, the valley broadens significantly and the creek turns west. The creek continues west for many miles, flowing parallel to Good Spring Mountain. It passes by the community of Valley View and receives the tributary Rausch Creek and continues west, enteringHubley Township. In Hubley Township, the creek passes near the community of Sacramento. A few miles further on, it crossesPennsylvania Route 25, passes through the community of Spring Glen, and beginsmeandering northwest, away from Good Spring Mountain. The creek receives the tributaryDeep Creek there. Further downstream, Pine Creek leaves Schuylkill County.[1]
Upon leaving Schuylkill County, Pine Creek entersLykens Township, Dauphin County. Here, the creek flows west for a short distance before turning north. It then cuts through a ridge and re-enters Schuylkill County, this time inUpper Mahantango Township. A short distance downstream, the creek reaches its confluence with Mahantango Creek.[1]
Pine Creek joins Mahantango Creek 17.16 miles (27.62 km) upstream of its mouth.[2]
Tributaries of Pine Creek include Rausch Creek and Deep Creek. Rausch Creek joins Pine Creek 13.32 miles (21.44 km) upstream of its mouth and its watershed has an area of 9.55 square miles (24.7 km2). Deep Creek reaches its confluence with Pine Creek 8.14 miles (13.10 km) upstream of the latter creek's mouth. The watershed of this tributary has an area of 31.80 square miles (82.4 km2).[2]
Pine Creek is considered by thePennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired byabandoned mine drainage and resource extraction. Most of the creek is considered to be impaired, as is the entirety of the tributary Rausch Creek. One of Pine Creek's subtributaries in the Deep Creek sub-watershed is also impaired. The rest of the steams in the watershed are not considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired.[3]
South of the community of Fountain, the daily load ofaluminum in the waters of Pine Creek is 29.86 pounds (13.54 kg). At the Gap School Road bridge, the aluminum load is 109.64 pounds (49.73 kg) per day and the daily load is 237.48 pounds (107.72 kg) at the Schwenks Road bridge. At the Pennsylvania Route 25 bridge near the community of Spring Glen, the daily load is 269.67 pounds (122.32 kg). At the end of State Route 4015, the daily load of aluminum is 531.36 pounds (241.02 kg) and at the Michaels Food Products Bridge in Klingerstown, it is 380.03 pounds (172.38 kg).[3]
South of the community of Fountain, the daily load ofmanganese in the waters of Pine Creek is 0.77 pounds (0.35 kg). At the Gap School Road bridge, the aluminum load is 8.57 pounds (3.89 kg) per day and the daily load is 135.97 pounds (61.67 kg) at the Schwenks Road bridge. At the Pennsylvania Route 25 bridge near the community of Spring Glen, the daily load is 75.73 pounds (34.35 kg). At the end of State Route 4015, the daily load of aluminum is 79.30 pounds (35.97 kg) and at the Michaels Food Products Bridge in Klingerstown, it is 54.53 pounds (24.73 kg).[3]
South of the community of Fountain, the daily load ofiron in the waters of Pine Creek is 4.26 pounds (1.93 kg). At the Gap School Road bridge, the aluminum load is 24.84 pounds (11.27 kg) per day and the daily load is 114.58 pounds (51.97 kg) at the Schwenks Road bridge. At the Pennsylvania Route 25 bridge near the community of Spring Glen, the daily load is 110.90 pounds (50.30 kg). At the end of State Route 4015, the daily load of aluminum is 147.08 pounds (66.71 kg) and at the Michaels Food Products Bridge in Klingerstown, it is 132.83 pounds (60.25 kg).[3]
South of the community of Fountain, the daily load ofacidity in the waters of Pine Creek is 272.61 pounds (123.65 kg). At the Gap School Road bridge, the aluminum load is 1,045.61 pounds (474.28 kg) per day and the daily load is 4,479.76 pounds (2,031.98 kg) at the Schwenks Road bridge. At the Pennsylvania Route 25 bridge near the community of Spring Glen, the daily load is 5,085.31 pounds (2,306.66 kg). At the end of State Route 4015, the daily load of aluminum is 10,250.18 pounds (4,649.40 kg) and at the Michaels Food Products Bridge in Klingerstown, it is 9,801.75 pounds (4,446.00 kg).[3]
ThepH of Pine Creek south of the community of Fountain ranges from 6.2 to 7.1. The creek's pH ranges from 6.5 to 7 at the Gap School Road bridge and at the Schwenks Road bridge, the pH ranges from 6.65 to 6.9. The pH ranges between 6.2 and 6.9 at the Pennsylvania Route 25 bridge near the community of Spring Glen and it ranges from 6.5 to 7 at the end of State Route 4015. At the Michaels Food Products Bridge in Klingerstown, the pH ranges between 6.3 and 6.9.[3]
Thedischarge of Pine Creek south of the community of Fountain is 2364.5 gallons per minute. The creek's discharge is 8706.47 gallons per minute at the Gap School Road bridge and at the Schwenks Road bridge, the discharge is 18807.06 gallons per minute . It is 20099.86 gallons per minute at the Pennsylvania Route 25 bridge near the community of Spring Glen and is 42252.4 gallons per minute at the end of State Route 4015. At the Michaels Food Products Bridge in Klingerstown, the discharge is 48122.62 gallons per minute.[3]
The elevation near the mouth of Pine Creek is 440 feet (130 m) above sea level.[4] The elevation of the creek's source is between 1,560 feet (480 m) and 1,580 feet (480 m).[1] The elevation of the creek decreases at a rate of 180 feet (55 m) per mile from its source to 18river miles. From that point to the mouth, the rate of elevation decrease is 16 feet (4.9 m) per mile.[5]
The watershed of Pine Creek is within theAnthracite Uplands section of theRidge-and-Valley Appalachians physiological province.[3]
The headwaters of Pine Creek are located in Hegins Valley. This valley is situated betweenMahantango Mountain and Broad Mountain. The tributary Deep Creek is also in Hegins Valley, being separated from Pine Creek by a low ridge within the valley. Pine Creek also flows through awater gap in Mahantango Mountain near its mouth.[3]
The main rock types in the watershed of Pine Creek areinterbeddedsedimentary rock andsandstone. Thesoils in the watershed are well-drained and permeable. The Lykens Valleycoal seam, which is part of thePottsville Formation, is found in the watershed's southeastern portion. This is the only coal seam in the watershed.[3]
The channel of Pine Creek istortuous.[5] The creek's bottom is rocky or sandy.Riffles and pools occur along it.[6]
The watershed of Pine Creek has an area of 76.8 square miles (199 km2).[2] The watershed is on theUnited States Geological Survey 7.5 minute quadrangles of Klingerstown, Lykens, Minersville, Tower City, Tremont, and Valley View.[3] The watershed of Pine Creek is situated in western Schuylkill County and northeastern Dauphin County.[5]
The topography of the Pine Creek watershed is described as "rough and hilly" in a 1921 book.[5]
The communities in the watershed of Pine Creek include Valley View, Hegins, Klingerstown, and Sacramento. In 1921, these communities had populations of 580, 400, 204, and 202, respectively.[5]
Underground mining of anthracite was being done in the watershed of Pine Creek by the middle of the nineteenth century. In the twenty-first century, there is one mining permit in the watershed. It belongs to the Pine Creek Coal Company.[3]
In the early 1900s, the main industries in the watershed of Pine Creek werecoal mines andagriculture. The creek was also used as water power for a number ofmills.[5]
Pine Creek is designated for use byaquatic life. It is also designated as a coldwater fishery.[3]
There are fewpine trees along Pine Creek, with groves ofhemlock being present instead.[6] Some of the hemlock trees along the creek have trunks that are over 3 feet (0.91 m).[6]
It is possible to canoe on at least 13.5 miles (21.7 km) of Pine Creek during the winter, duringsnowmelts or soon after heavy rains. Edward Gertler describes the creek as a "diminutive novice run" in his bookKeystone Canoeing. Gertler describes the scenery along the creek as "good". However, there areelectric fences anddeadfalls on it.[6]
40°39′46″N76°41′43″W / 40.66281°N 76.69516°W /40.66281; -76.69516
