.jpg) Pigeon Point Lighthouse in 2016 | |
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| Location | Pigeon Point southern toSan Francisco Bay California United States |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 37°10′54.3″N122°23′38.1″W / 37.181750°N 122.393917°W /37.181750; -122.393917 |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1871 |
| Foundation | stone |
| Construction | brick tower |
| Automated | 1974 |
| Height | 115 ft (35 m) |
| Shape | tapered cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern attached to workroom |
| Markings | white tower, black trim |
| Operator | Pigeon Point Lighthouse State Historic Park[1][2] |
| Heritage | National Register of Historic Places listed place,California Historical Landmark  |
| Light | |
| First lit | 1872 |
| Focal height | 148 ft (45 m) |
| Lens | First orderFresnel lens (1872), DCB-24 aerobeacon (current) |
| Range | 24 nmi (44 km; 28 mi) |
| Characteristic | Flashing white 10s, Emergency light of reduced intensity when main light is extinguished. |
| Designated | 1977 |
| Reference no. | 77000337[3] |
| Designated | 1980 |
| Reference no. | 930[4] |
Pigeon Point Light Station orPigeon Point Lighthouse is alighthouse built in 1871 to guide ships on thePacific coast ofCalifornia. It is thetallest lighthouse (tied withPoint Arena Light) on the West Coast of theUnited States. It is still an activeCoast Guard aid to navigation. Pigeon Point Light Station is located on the coastal highway (State Route 1), 5 miles (8 km) south ofPescadero, California, betweenSanta Cruz andSan Francisco. The 115-foot (35 m), white masonry tower, resembles the typical New England structure.
The lighthouse and the land around have been preserved asPigeon Point Light Station State Historic Park, a Californiastate park. The lighthouse is also listed on theNational Register of Historic Places,[3] and designated as aCalifornia Historical Landmark.[4] The lighthouse is currently undergoing major renovations funded by the California state legislature in 2021.[5] Research published 2022 by the San Mateo County Office of Sustainability found that the lighthouse was vulnerable to erosion caused bysea level rise.[6][7]
Pigeon Point Lighthouse is one of the most picturesque lighthouses on the Pacific coast. The tower stands on a rocky promontory and has long been a landmark for ships approachingSan Francisco Bay from the south. This headland, and the lighthouse, took its name from the shipCarrier Pigeon that wrecked here in 1853.[8]
The lantern room of the tower is no longer equipped with the original first-order, 1000-wattFresnel lens.[9] No longer illuminated for demonstration purposes,[10] the lens has 24 flash panels, is composed of 1008 hand-polished lenses and prisms and is capable of producing over 500,000 candlepower illumination. It was manufactured by the Henry-LePaute company in Paris, France, and was first lit at Pigeon Point at sunset on November 15, 1872.
Originally the tower was equipped with a lamp that burned refined lard oil (pig fat). In 1888, that lamp was replaced with a mineral oil (kerosene) lamp. To produce Pigeon Point's assigned characteristic of one white flash of light every ten seconds, the one ton lens rotated one time every four minutes. When observed from a distance, this resulted in the appearance of one white flash of light every ten seconds. The lens rotation was originally powered by a clockworks and 45 pounds (20 kg) weight. In 1926 the lighthouse was provided with electricity. Modern innovations were incorporated and the kerosene IOV lamp was replaced by a 1000 watt bulb, the clockworks by an electric motor and an electrically operatedfog signal was eventually installed.
The lighthouse has been designatedCalifornia Historical Landmark number 930. In 1972, theUnited States Coast Guard mounted a 24-inch (610 mm)aerobeacon on the front of the tower (now replaced by a smaller beacon) and officially retired the Fresnel lens from regular duty. The First order Fresnel lens is no longer lit to celebrate special occasions, such as the annual lighting of the lens, which usually occurred in mid-November (closest Saturday to November 15) the date of the original first lighting in 1872. The lens was removed from the top of the tower in November 2011, to now be displayed in the fog signal building, adjacent to the base of the lighthouse.[citation needed] The light outside the lens room, mounted on a smallverandah at the top of the 100-foot (30 m) tower, rotating with six beams, is still an active aid to navigation.
The first order fresnel lens of the Pigeon Point Lighthouse originally came from theCape Hatteras Lighthouse, which has the same lens characteristic. Following the deactivation of the original tower in 1870, the lens, which had only been installed in 1863 was removed and put into storage. Shortly thereafter in 1871 it was shipped to the west coast to be installed in the new lighthouse.[11]
The tower has been closed to tours since December 2001 because of the collapse of brickwork supporting outside access metal walkways on the top of the structure. Cast iron was used rather than steel. Cast iron absorbs water rather than repelling it like steel, thus the walkways are severely rusted, as are the major binding ring bands at the base of the tower. The California State Park system has promised repairs, but it is estimated that even if funds were available, it would be seven to ten years before the repairs would be completed. In July, 2010,Rep. Anna G. Eshoo (D-Palo Alto) stated that of the $3.4 million she requested for her district through theFiscal Year 2011 Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, $250,000 will be allocated to restore the upper portion of the lighthouse.[12]
In 2021, an $18 million provision was made in the California state budget for the full restoration of the lighthouse.[5] In December 2023, California State Parks said in a press release that a $16 million rehabilitation project will start in early 2024 and is expected to be completed within two years.[13]
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The restored lighthouse keepers' housing has, since the mid-1960s, also served as ayouth hostel for travelers. The hostel is operated by HI USA,[14] a nonprofit organization devoted to helping the young gain a greater understanding of the world and its people through hosteling.
The Pigeon Point Lighthouse is also a logo of theE. W. Scripps Company.
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Pigeon Point Lighthouse has become a popular destination for astrophotographers due to its unique location and surrounding landscape.
Pigeon Point Lighthouse's main advantage in astrophotography is its open coastal horizon, which provides an unobstructed view of the night sky. Combined with relatively stable atmospheric conditions and low levels of light pollution, this enhances the visibility of celestial objects and reduces distortion. The lighthouse itself is also a foreground element, blending the historical architecture with the astronomical scene to create visually striking compositions.
Every year, many astronomy enthusiasts gather at Pigeon Point Lighthouse to witness celestial phenomena such as meteor showers, solar and lunar eclipses. They often record these scenes with cameras and post them on social media platforms.
As a result, Pigeon Point Lighthouse is not only a famous landmark but also an important location for astrophotography.
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