American architect (1899–1994)
Pietro Belluschi (August 18, 1899 – February 14, 1994) was anItalian-American architect. A leading figure inmodern architecture , he was responsible for the design of over 1,000 buildings.[ 1]
Born inAncona , Italy, Belluschi began his architectural career as a draftsman in aPortland, Oregon firm. He achieved a national reputation within about 20 years, largely for his 1947 aluminum-cladEquitable Building . In 1951, he was named the dean of theMIT School of Architecture and Planning , where he served until 1965, also working as collaborator and design consultant for many high-profile commissions, most famously the 1963Pan Am Building . He won theAmerican Institute of Architects' Gold Medal in 1972.
Pietro Belluschi was born inAncona, Italy , in 1899.[ 2] World War I when Italy was allied withGreat Britain ,France , and later the United States.[ 2] Caporetto andVittorio Veneto .[ 2] University of Rome , earning a degree incivil engineering in 1922.[ 1]
He moved to the United States in 1923, despite speaking no English, and finished his education—as an exchange student on a scholarship—atCornell University with a second degree in civil engineering.[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] Idaho earning $5 per day, but he then joined the architectural office ofA. E. Doyle in Portland,[ 2] Goose Hollow .[ 4] Benito Mussolini and theFascist government.[ 2]
Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption inSan Francisco At Doyle's office, Belluschi rose rapidly, soon becoming chief designer. After Doyle died in 1928, the firm took him into partnership in 1933. By 1943, Belluschi had assumed control of the firm by buying out all the other partners and was practicing under his own name.
In 1951, Belluschi became Dean of the architecture and planning school at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology , a position he held until 1965.[ 1] Skidmore, Owings and Merrill . The move reduced his annual income from $150,000 to a salary of $15,000, but was prompted by health concerns attributable to the long hours of managing his office while still designing buildings.[ 2]
Belluschi emerged as a leader in the development of AmericanModern architecture , with the design of several buildings reflecting the influence of theInternational Style and his awareness of the technological opportunities of new materials. Most important was theEquitable Building (1944–47) in Portland, Oregon: a concrete frame office block clad inaluminum , and considered the first office building with a completely sealedair-conditioned environment.
Belluschi'schurches and residences differed from his commercial works. Although of Modern design, they fit within the development of thePacific Northwest regional Modern idiom as they frequently used regional materials (particularly wood) and were often integrated with their suburban or rural sites.
Belluschi was elected a Fellow of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1952.[ 5] National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1957. He served as a presidential appointee on theU.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1950 to 1955.[ 6] Fellow in theAmerican Institute of Architects (AIA), and was awarded theAIA Gold Medal , the highest award given by the institute, in 1972.[ 1] National Medal of Arts by the National Endowment for the Arts in 1991 for his lifetime achievements.[ 7] Vietnam Veterans Memorial inWashington, D.C. [ 8]
After leaving MIT in 1965, he continued to work. Belluschi would design and consult on both buildings and issues surroundingurban planning . Pietro Belluschi was married first to Helen Hemmila on December 1, 1934, the mother of his two sons, Peter and Anthony. His son Anthony Belluschi is an architect.[ 9] [ 10] [ 2]
Commonwealth Building in Portland. Rohm and Haas Belluschi's designs include:
Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company Building, southern addition, Portland,[ 11] Pacific Building , Portland, 1926Public Service Building , Portland, 1927Belluschi Building,Portland Art Museum (NRHP ), 1932 Guardians' Lodge (1929), Kiwanis Lodge (1931), Uncle Toby's Story House (1932), and Blue Wing Lodge (1936),Camp Namanu , Sandy, Oregon Northrup Library (now T. J. Day Hall) atLinfield University , McMinnville, 1936[ 12] Library Building (now Smullin Hall) atWillamette University , Salem,[ 13] St. Thomas More Catholic Church , Portland, 1940Peter Kerr House,Gearhart, Oregon ,[ 14] Chapel,River View Cemetery , Portland, 1942 Korten Music Store,Longview, Washington , 1946 Sweeney, Straub and Dimm Printing Plant, Portland (NRHP), 1946 Emmanuel Lutheran Church, Longview, Washington, 1946 Burkes House, Portland, 1947 Coats House, 3600 Whiskey Creek Rd, Netarts, 1942 Oregonian Building, Portland,[ 11] [ 15] Baxter Hall and Collins Hall, Willamette University, Salem,[ 13] Charles and Blanche Sprague Weekend House, also known as Thetford Lodge, Little North Santiam River, Oregon, 1947Psychology Building,Reed College , Portland, 1947–1948 Breitenbush Hall,Oregon State Hospital , Salem (NRHP), 1948 (demolished 2017)[ 11] Equitable Building , Portland, 1948First Presbyterian Church , Cottage Grove, Oregon (NRHP), 1948Percy L. Menefee Ranch House,Yamhill, Oregon , 1948[ 8] Sacred Heart Church,Lake Oswego, Oregon , 1949 Zion Lutheran Church , Portland (NRHP), 1950Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Portland Branch,[ 11] Central Lutheran Church , Portland,[ 16] St. Philip Neri Catholic Church , Portland, 1952Tucker Maxon School,[ 17] YWCA building, Salem,[ 18] Marion County Courthouse andWorld War II Memorial , Salem,[ 19] Trinity Lutheran Church, Walnut Creek, California, 1954[ 20] Temple Israel, Swampcott, Massachusetts, 1953-1956 First Lutheran Church, Boston, 1954–1957 Cedar Lane Unitarian Universalist Church , Bethesda, Maryland, 1955Temple Adath Israel of the Main Line , with Charles Frederick Wise, Merion, Pennsylvania, 1956–1957Church of the Redeemer (Baltimore), 1958[ 21] [ 22] Bennington College Library,Bennington, Vermont , 1957–1958Central Lutheran Church ,Eugene, Oregon ,[ 23] Temple B'rith Kodesh , Rochester, New York, 1959–1963Goucher College Center, Towson, Maryland, 1960[ 22] [ 24] Trinity Episcopal Church, Concord, Massachusetts, dedicated October 6, 1963 First Methodist Church,Duluth, Minnesota , 1962–1969 TheAlice Tully Hall at theJuilliard School within theLincoln Center , New York City, 1963–1969 Pan Am Building , Belluschi andWalter Gropius as design consultants toEmery Roth & Sons , New York City, 1963Rohm and Haas Corporate Headquarters , with George M. Ewing Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1964Church of the Christian Union, Rockford, Illinois, 1964-1965[ 25] Hoffman Columbia Plaza, nowUnitus Plaza , Portland, 1966 Immanuel Lutheran Church,Silverton, Oregon , 1966 Saint Joseph's Roman Catholic Church,Roseburg, Oregon , 1968[ 26] 555 California Street , as consultant toWurster, Benardi and Emmons andSkidmore, Owings and Merrill , San Francisco, 1969One Boston Place , withEmery Roth & Sons , Boston, 1970Tower Square , also known as BayState West, withEduardo Catalano ,Springfield, Massachusetts , 1970University of Virginia School of Architecture , 1970Woodbrook Baptist Church, Towson, Maryland, 1970[ 22] [ 27] Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption , San Francisco (collaborating withPier Luigi Nervi and others), 1971Clark Art Institute , withThe Architects Collaborative ,Williamstown, Massachusetts , 1973100 East Pratt Street , withEmery Roth & Sons , Baltimore, 1975Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall , Baltimore, 1978–1982Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall , withSkidmore, Owings and Merrill , San Francisco, 1980One Financial Center , Boston, 1983US Bancorp Tower , as consultant toSkidmore, Owings and Merrill , Portland, 1983Chapel of Christ the Teacher ,University of Portland ,[ 28] United Hebrew Congregation , Chesterfield, Missouri, 1986–1989Murray Hills Christian Church , Beaverton, Oregon (1987–89)[ 29] Centennial Tower and Wheeler Sports Center,George Fox University ,[ 30] [ 31] Portsmouth Abbey School campus, Portsmouth, Rhode Island; Belluschi designed 14 of the 27 buildings on campus between 1960 and 1991^a b c d e Belluschi, Pietro. (2007). InEncyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved September 22, 2007, from:Encyclopædia Britannica Online ^a b c d e f g h Gragg, Randy. "Belluschi revered as creative, 'spiritual' architect".The Oregonian ^ Birkland, Dave (February 16, 1994)."Pietro Belluschi, 94, Helped Design Seattle Convention Center" .Seattle Times . Retrieved2008-07-01 . ^ Prince, Tracy J. (2011).Portland's Goose Hollow ISBN 978-0-7385-7472-1 ^ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B" (PDF) . American Academy of Arts and Sciences. RetrievedMay 30, 2011 .^ Thomas E. Luebke, ed.,Civic Art: A Centennial History of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2013): Appendix B, p. 540. ^ National Medal of Arts: Medalists. Archived 2011-07-21 at theWayback Machine National Endowment for the Arts, accessed September 22, 2007.^a b Clausen, Meredith L.,Pietro Belluschi: Modern American Architect ,MIT Press , Cambridge, Massachusetts and London 1994,ISBN 0-262-03220-1 ^ Libby, Brian (6 July 2021)."Nearly 80 Years Later, An Architect Rescues a Japanese-Inspired Masterwork Designed by His Father" .Dwell . Retrieved2021-08-17 . ^ Eastman, Janet (2018-09-27)."Modernist architect Pietro Belluschi's modest farmhouse for sale (photos)" .The Oregonian, OregonLive . Retrieved2021-08-17 . ^a b c d "Architects Associated with Oregon State Hospital" . Archived fromthe original on October 6, 2008. RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .^ Adams, Bree (2009-10-09)."Northrup: History in the re-making" .thelinfieldreview.com . The Linfield Review. Retrieved2021-11-10 . ^a b Gregg, Robert D. 1970.Chronicles of Willamette, volume II: Those eventful years of the President Smith era . Salem, Or: Willamette University. ^ "Peter Kerr House by Pietro Belluschi at GreatBuildings" .GreatBuildings . RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .^ MacColl, E. Kimbark (1979).The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915-1950 .Portland, Oregon : The Georgian Press.ISBN 0-9603408-1-5 ^ "Central Lutheran Church: Building History" . Archived fromthe original on July 30, 2007. RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .^ "Tucker-Maxon School excels" .The Southeast Examiner of Portland Oregon . Apr 1, 2013. RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .^ "Salem (Oregon) Online History - YWCA" .www.salemhistory.net . RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .^ Marion County Circuit Court:The Marion County Courthouse: A Historical Perspective Archived 2008-05-01 at theWayback Machine ^ "Archives West: Pietro Belluschi Collection, 1927-1983" .archiveswest.orbiscascade.org . RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .^ A Guide To Baltimore Architecture, Third Edition, Dorsey & Dilts, 1997ISBN 0-87033-477-8 ^a b c "Raising Baltimore's Skyline" Gunts, Edward. The Sun [Baltimore, Md] 27 Dec 1987: T11. ^ "University of Oregon News release: "UO Gallery Shows Drawings by Pietro Belluschi" . Archived fromthe original on May 29, 2004. RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .^ A Guide To Baltimore Architecture, Third Edition, Dorsey & Dilts, 1997ISBN 0-87033-477-8 ^ "The Unitarian Universalist Church" . Archived fromthe original on April 10, 2011. RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .^ "Saint Joseph's Roman Catholic Church (Roseburg, Oregon)" .Building Oregon . RetrievedSeptember 17, 2016 .^ "Finally Looking Like A Church", Gunts, Edward. The Sun [Baltimore, Md] 02 Jan 1997: 2B. ^ "Welcome to Campus Ministry! | University of Portland" .www.up.edu . RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .^ Clausen, Meredith L.Spiritual Space: The Religious Architecture of Pietro Belluschi , University of Washington Press; First Edition, August 1992. ^ George Fox University: Centennial Clock Tower Archived 2008-09-26 at theWayback Machine ,^ "George Fox Athletics" .George Fox Athletics . RetrievedJan 10, 2020 .
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