Pierre Marie | |
|---|---|
 Pierre Marie | |
| Born | 9 September 1853 (1853-09-09) |
| Died | 13 April 1940 (1940-04-14) (aged 86) |
| Known for | acromegaly,Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease,physical culture |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | neurologist endocrinology |
| Institutions | Salpêtrière SFIO |
Pierre Marie (9 September 1853 – 13 April 1940) was a Frenchneurologist and political journalist close to theSFIO.
After finishing medical school, he served as an interne (1878), working as an assistant to neurologistJean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) at theSalpêtrière andBicêtre Hospitals in Paris. In 1883, he received his medical doctorate with a graduate thesis onBasedow’s disease, being promoted tomédecin des hôpitaux several years later (1888). In 1907, he attained the chair ofpathological anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine, and in 1917 was appointed to the chair ofneurology, a position he held until 1925. In 1911, Marie became a member of theAcadémie de Médecine.
One of Marie's earlier contributions was a description of a disorder of thepituitary gland known asacromegaly. His analysis of the disease was an important contribution to the emerging field ofendocrinology. Marie is also credited as the first to describe pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy,cleidocranial dysostosis andrhizomelicspondylosis. In his extensive research onaphasia, his views concerning language disorders sharply contrasted with the generally accepted views ofPaul Broca (1824–1880). In 1907, he was the first person to describe thespeech production disorder offoreign accent syndrome.[1]
Marie was the first general secretary of theSociété Française de Neurologie, and withÉdouard Brissaud (1852–1909), he was co-founder of the journalRevue neurologique. His name is associated with the eponymousCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease, being named along withJean-Martin Charcot andHoward Henry Tooth (1856–1925). This disease is characterized by gradual progressive loss of distal muscle tissue in the arms and feet. It is considered the most common disease within a group of conditions known as"hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies" (HMSN).[2]
Among the doctors trained by Pierre Marie at the beginning of the 20th century account the Spanish neuropathologistsNicolás Achúcarro andGonzalo Rodríguez Lafora, two distinguished disciples ofSantiago Ramón y Cajal and members of theSpanish Neurological School.
In 1928, Marie left the medical academy to become a political journalist, first at thephysical-culturist magazine La Culture Physique, whereEdmond Desbonnet served as his intellectual patron. His writings largely centred around his recommendations for exercise and fitness regimes, and his commentary on government sports and leisure policy.
In 1930, he turned to explicitly political writing as he moved to the Socialist Party's daily newspaper,Le Populaire.[3] He became increasingly involved in theSFIO in the 1930s, gaining a reputation as the Party's foremost intellectual on matters of sports, leisure, and physical culture.[4] His 1934 pamphlet, "Pour Le Sport Ouvrier", was adopted by the SFIO's Congress as official Party policy.[5] This marked the first time the SFIO embraced physical culture explicitly. After the election of theFrench Popular Front in 1936, he worked in the ministerial cabinet ofLéo Lagrange as a technical advisor, where he became a noted advocate of working-class sports and social hygiene within the French government. He is a rare figure to bridge the gap between French physical culturism and Socialism. After the fall of the Popular Front, Marie continued to write for Le Populaire.
Historians have disagreed about the date of Marie's death. While most medical sources place his death before Occupation,[6] noted historianPascal Ory recently uncovered traces of Marie's writing in collaborationist newspapers Le Rouge et Le Bleu in support of theVichy regime until 1941.[7] His collaborationism has led some historians to understand the influence of physical culture in the SFIO and the Vichy Regime as one path that led many Socialists - like Marie - to supporting Pétain.
Medical Writings:
Political Writings:
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)