Pidhaitsi Підгайці | |
|---|---|
 Independence Square | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Pidhaitsi  Pidhaitsi  Pidhaitsi | |
| Coordinates:49°16′10″N25°8′0″E / 49.26944°N 25.13333°E /49.26944; 25.13333 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Ternopil Oblast |
| Raion | Ternopil Raion |
| Hromada | Pidhaitsi urban hromada |
| First mentioned | 1463 |
| Magdeburg rights | 1539 |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 2,609 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 6124810100 |
| Website | pidgayci-miskrada |
Pidhaitsi (Ukrainian:Підгайці,IPA:[pidˈɦɑjtsi]ⓘ;Polish:Podhajce;Yiddish:פּידײַיִץ,romanized: Pidayitz) is a smallcity inTernopil Raion,Ternopil Oblast, westernUkraine. It is located approximately 15.5 miles (24.9 km) south ofBerezhany, 43.5 miles (70.0 km) fromTernopil, and 62 miles (100 km) south-east ofLviv. In 1939, Pidhaitsi obtained the formal status of a city.[1] It hosts the administration ofPidhaitsi urban hromada, one of thehromadas of Ukraine.[2][3] Population:2,609 (2022 estimate).[4]
Many of the current residents have the surname Koropetskyi/Koropetska, likely attributable to the city's proximity to theKoropets River.
Kingdom of Poland 1436–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1772
Austrian Empire 1772–1867
Austria-Hungary 1867-1917
∟Russian Empire 1914 (occupation)
∟Poland 1919-1939
Soviet Union 1939-1941 (occupation)
Nazi Germany 1941-1943 (occupation)
Soviet Union 1944-1991
According to the sources, Pidhaitsi is one of the oldest settlements in the area. It was established in 1445.[1] The first written records of the town date to 1436, when a Catholic church was built by the regional governor, a member of thePotocki noble family. Because of theTatar invasions and its precarious location on Poland’s main route to the south, the city was surrounded by series of ramparts and rows with water. Most of the key monuments (churches, synagogue) were all built in impressive defensive style. In its early years, the town was governed according to Ruthenian and Polish law. In 1539 it was granted the right to useMagdeburg law. It was one of the centers ofArmenians in Poland, with the first Armenians in Podhajce mentioned in 1657, the Armenian Catholic church built by 1672, and the Armenian commune founded by 1675.[5] Poland fought victorious battles against invading Tatars and Turks at Podhajce in1667 and1698.
In modern period, Pidhaitsi was among the most important urban centers in western part ofPodolia. Its population was almost entirely Jews and Poles. In 1897 an obelisk was erected adjacent to the (Polish) Catholic church to celebrate the 100th birthday of Polish writerAdam Mickiewicz. While the monument is still extant, the church is in desolate condition. In one of Pidhaitsi houses resided famous Polish composerFrédéric Chopin. After the Second World War, Pidhaitsi, along with most of eastern Galicia, was separated from Poland and annexed to theUkrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union. Since that time, the population has been almost entirely ethnically Ukrainian.
During Soviet rule (1945–1991) Pidhaitsi was part ofBerezhany Raion. After Ukrainian independence, a separatedPidhaitsi Raion was established. Until 18 July 2020, Pidhaitsi was the administrative center of Pidhaitsi Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Pidhaitsi Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.[6][7]
Prior to theSecond World War, Pidhaitsi had a significant Jewish community. The population census of 1765 lists 1,370 Jews in thekahal district of Pidhaitsi and 1,079 Jews lived in Pidhaitsi itself. A century late town’s Jewish population significantly increased and numberedca. 6,000 Jews in Pidhaitsi and 8,212 Jews in Pidhaitsi district (9.33% of whole population in the area). In the 20th century Pidahytsi's importance declined and the number of the Jews decreased to 2,827 according to the census of 1931.Pidhaitsi Synagogue (between 1621 and 1648), and the local Catholic parish church (1634) are the oldest buildings in the city.[8] The synagogue is closed and in ruined condition. In the post-war years, the synagogue territory was turned into a market by the communists.
With the break of the Second World War there was a large influx ofJewish refugees from the west and the number of the Jews in the town at the time of Nazi annihilation was higher than 3,000. PidhaitsiJudenrat was headed byLeibish Lilienfeld.[9] Due to the refugee and hygienic problems, in the winter of 1941–42 many of town Jews died of hunger andtyphus epidemic. In 1942, on September 21 (Yom Kippur – Jewish most revered holiday, the day of atonement from sin) over 1,000 Jews were sent to theBelzec extermination camp and on October 30, 1,500 more Jews were deported to face death inBelzec extermination camp. Hundreds more were murdered in Pidhaitsi and its environs by Germans and Ukrainian police.[10]
The above memories of his experiences during the liquidation of the ghetto in Pidhaitsi has described by Genia Schwartz.[11]
 | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found onPhabricator and onMediaWiki.org. |
| Year | Total Population | Jewish Population |
|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 5,943 | 4,012 |
| 1890 | 5,646 | 3,879 |
| 1900 | 5,790 | 3,557 |
| 1910 | 5,576 | 3,497 |
| 1921 | 4,814 | 2,872 |
| 1959[12] | 3,033 | |
| 1970[12] | 3,230 | |
| 1979[12] | 3,343 | |
| 1989[12] | 3,661 | |
| 2001[12] | 3,280 | |
| 2009 | 2,946 | |
| 2010 | 2,947 | |
| 2011 | 2,937 | |
| 2012 | 2,908 | |
| 2013 | 2,866 | |
| 2014 | 2,830 | |
| 2015 | 2,806 | |
| 2016 | 3,300 | 0 |
| 2017 | 2,761 |
| International | |
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