Phahonphonphayuhasena | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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พระยาพหลพลพยุหเสนา | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Portrait,c. 1939–1940 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd Prime Minister of Siam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 21 June 1933 – 13 December 1938 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monarchs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Manopakorn Nitithada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Plaek Phibunsongkhram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Army | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 6 August 1932 – 1 January 1938 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | PrinceVudhijaya Chalermlabha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Plaek Phibunsongkhram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 25 August 1944 – 29 March 1946 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Phichit Kriangsakphichit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Adul Aduldejaraj | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | Phot[a] (1887-03-29)29 March 1887 Bangkok, Siam (now Bangkok, Thailand) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 14 February 1947(1947-02-14) (aged 59) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Khana Ratsadon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouses |
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| Children | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Military service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allegiance |  Thailand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Years of service | 1914-1947 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena[b] (29 March 1887 – 14 February 1947), simply known asPhraya Phahon, was a Thai military leader and politician. BornPhot Phahonyothin[c] and briefly educated in Germany, he was a member of theKhana Ratsadon and launched acoup d'état to becomePrime Minister of Siam in 1933, a position he held until 1938.
Phot was born in Phra Nakhon Province (present-dayBangkok) to aTeochewThai Chinese father, Colonel Kim (กิ่ม),[3][4] and aThai Mon mother, Chap (จับ).[5] His family took the surname Phahonyothin in 1913 per royal decree.
After attending theChulachomklao Royal Military Academy, in 1903 Phot was sent by royalscholarship to study at thePrussian Military Academy (Preußische Hauptkadettenanstalt) in the town ofLichterfelde, nearBerlin, Germany, where he was allegedly a classmate ofHermann Göring
He was then sent to study at theEngineering College of Copenhagen inDenmark, but was only able to complete one year as his scholarship funds ran out, forcing him to return to Siam in 1912. In 1931 he was elevated to the title ofPhraya Phahonphonphayuhasena by KingPrajadhipok (or Rama VII) and received the rank ofcolonel. In 1932 he becameCommander of the Royal Siamese Army.
Phraya Phahon was an important member of a group of conspirators known as the "Four Musketeers" (4 ทหารเสือ). They were part of theKhana Ratsadon (or 'People's Party') who carried out therevolution of 1932. After the 1932 coup, three factions formed among the political and military leaders of Khana Ratsadon: the senior military faction led by Phraya Phahon; the junior army and navy faction led byLuang Phibunsongkhram; and the civilian faction led byPridi Banomyong. Also he,Phraya Songsuradet, andPhraya Rithi-akkhaney were the collective military defenders of capital and exercised power on behalf of the king.[6]
As its most senior member, Phraya Phahon was viewed as the de facto leader of the Khana Ratsadon and the revolution itself. It was Phraya Phahon who read theDeclaration of the New Siamese State in theRoyal Plaza that declared the end ofabsolute monarchy and the establishment of theconstitutional Siamese state. Because of the key role he played in the revolution he was rewarded with a high position in the new government and was made a member of the newcabinet.
In March 1933 a constitutional crisis developed in Siam over the "Yellow Cover Dossier" incident, precipitated by Pridi's draft economic plan, which contained socialist elements. Because of this,Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, the prime minister, expelled him from the cabinet and suspended the constitution. This action upset many in the People's Party who supported Pridi, including Phraya Phahon. On 15 June Phraya Phahon resigned from the cabinet citing health reasons. In truth, he and a couple of military officers planned to overthrow Phraya Mano's increasingly authoritarian government. On 20 June abloodless coup was carried out, led by Phraya Phahon. The following day, Phraya Phahon appointed himself the secondPrime Minister of Siam and immediately sent a report to King Prajadhipok explaining the objectives of the coup. The king reluctantly endorsed him and exiled Phraya Mano toMalaysia.
The next five years were a struggle to maintain power. In October 1933, a royalist revolt against Phraya Phahon's government, theBoworadet Rebellion, occurred only four months after his becoming prime minister. After weeks of fighting, government troops emerged victorious and Phraya Phahon was able to solidify his position. The cabinet was divided politically. The government was maintained only by the force of his personality. Luang Phibunsongkhram, a trusted confidant, became minister of defence under the new government and he began to acquire greater power and influence in preparation for his eventual ascension to the premiership.
The beginning of the end for Phraya Phahon's time as prime minister began in 1937 when a scandal erupted involving the sale of crown real estate to high-ranking officials at below-market prices. After a near collapse that year, the first direct elections for thePeople's Assembly took place on 7 November 1937. Those in Phraya Phahon's cabinet found themselves an ideological and political minority. After budget issues in 1938, the cabinet was forced to resign in September 1938 followed by elections in December which resulted inLuang Phibunsongkhram becoming the prime minister of Thailand.
After his term as prime minister, General Phraya Phahon retired from public life, though he served as Inspector General of theRoyal Thai Armed Forces duringWorld War II. He died in February 1947 at the age of 59 of acerebral haemorrhage. It was said that when he died, despite the fact that he had held many positions in government, his family lacked the funds to pay for his funeral before Luang Phibunsongkhram, his protege and the incumbent prime minister, stepped in.[citation needed]
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Phahonyothin Road, which runs from Bangkok to the border ofBurma in the north, is named after Phraya Phahon. Formerly known as Prachathipat Road, Field Marshal Plaek Phibunshongkhram renamed the road in his honour. Ahospital inKanchanaburi Province,Phaholpolpayuhasena Hospital is also named in his honour.
A Royal Thai Army artillery base inLopburi Province bore the name of General Phraya Phahon until 2019 when, at the order of the kingVajiralongkorn, it was renamed KingBhumibol base. Long-standing statues of Phraya Phahon and Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram installed at the base are to be removed and replaced by a statue of King Bhumibol.[7]
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Knight Grand Cross of theOrder of Chula Chom Klao_ribbon.svg)
Knight Grand Cordon of theOrder of the White Elephant_ribbon.svg)
Commander of theOrder of the Crown of Thailand_ribbon.svg)
Victory Medal -Franco-Thai War with flames_ribbon.svg)
Safeguarding the Constitution Medal.svg)
Dushdi Mala Medal Pin of Service to the Nation (Military)_ribbon.svg)
Medal for Service in the Interior -Pacific War_ribbon.svg)
Chakra Mala Medal_ribbon.svg)
King Rama VII Royal Cypher Medal, Fourth Class_ribbon.svg)
King Rama VIII Royal Cypher Medal, First Class_ribbon.svg)
King Rama VI Coronation Medal_ribbon.svg)
King Rama VII Coronation Medal
150 Years Commemoration of Bangkok Medal
Grand Cordon of theOrder of the Rising Sun with three paulownia
Grand Cross of theOrder of the German Eagle with star
Commander of theOrder of Orange-Nassau_4Class_BAR.svg)
Order of the Sacred Treasure, Fourth Class
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Media related toPhraya Phahonphonphayuhasena at Wikimedia Commons
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of Siam 1933–1938 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Interior 1933–1934 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Education 1933–1934 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Defence 1934 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Foreign Affairs 1934–1935 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Finance 1935–1936 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Agriculture 1937 | Succeeded by |
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded by | Commanders-in-chief of the Royal Siamese Army 1932–1938 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Commanders-in-chief of the Royal Thai Army 1944–1946 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
