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Philadelphia metropolitan area

Coordinates:39°52′37″N75°19′23″W / 39.877°N 75.323°W /39.877; -75.323
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Delaware Valley" redirects here. For the valley surrounding the river, seeDelaware River Valley.
For the former Eastern Orthodox diocese, seeMetropolis of Philadelphia.

Combined Statistical Area in the United States
Philadelphia metropolitan area
Delaware Valley
Greater Philadelphia
Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA/CSA
Center City Philadelphia (in background) and the Schuylkill River (on left) as seen from South Street Bridge in July 2016
Center City Philadelphia (in background) and theSchuylkill River (on left) as seen fromSouth Street Bridge in July 2016
Map
Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MDCSA

Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD

  Philadelphia, PAMetropolitan Division
  Montgomery Cty–Bucks Cty–Chester Cty, PA
  Camden, NJ Metropolitan Division
  Wilmington, DE–MD–NJ Metropolitan Division

Other Statistical Areas in the Philadelphia CSA

  Reading, PAMSA
  Atlantic City–Hammonton, NJ MSA
  Dover, DE MSA
  Vineland, NJ MSA

CountryUnited States
StatesPennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware
Maryland
Principal cityPhiladelphia
Satellite cities and towns
Area
 • Urban
1,981.4 sq mi (5,131.7 km2)
 • Metro
5,118 sq mi (13,256 km2)
Elevation0–1,079 ft (0–329 m)
Population
 (2021 est.)
 • Urban
5,441,567 (5th)
 • Metro density1,217/sq mi (470/km2)
 • MSA
6,330,422 (9th)
 • CSA
7,490,896 (9th)
 MSA/CSA = 2024, Urban = 2010
GDP
 • MSA$518.5 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Area codes215/267/445,302,410/443/667,609/640,610/484/835,717/223,856

ThePhiladelphia metropolitan area, also referred to as theDelaware Valley orGreater Philadelphia, is a majormetropolitan area in theNortheastern United States that centers onPhiladelphia, thesixth-most populous city in theUnited States. This area spans up to four states: southeasternPennsylvania,southern New Jersey, northernDelaware, and the northernEastern Shore of Maryland, though it is sometimes considered atri-state region if northeasternMaryland is excluded. With a core metropolitan statistical area population of 6.245 million residents and acombined statistical area population of 7.379 million as of the 2020 census, it is theninth-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2024 and the68th-largest metropolitan region in the world.

In addition to Philadelphia, other major population centers in the Philadelphia metro area includeReading,Upper Darby Township, andChester in Pennsylvania;Atlantic City,Camden,Vineland, andCherry Hill in South Jersey; andWilmington andDover in Delaware. As of 2023, the Philadelphia metro area'sgross domestic product (GDP) exceeds US$557 billion, making it the nation's11th-largest metropolitan economy.[3]

The Philadelphia metropolitan area has been influential in the nation's history andeconomy and home to many people and sites significant toAmerican culture,history, and politics. Philadelphia is sometimes known as "The Birthplace of America"[4] in reference to its role as therevolutionary capital during thecolonial era in which theSecond Continental Congress gathered atIndependence Hall and unanimously adopted theDeclaration of Independence, authorized the formation of theContinental Army, and appointedGeorge Washington its commander to resist theBritish. After the Continental Army's victory, Philadelphia served as thenation's first capital for most of the 18th century until 1800, when construction ofWashington, D.C. was completed. TheU.S. Constitution, the world's longest-standing body of federal law, was ratified at Independence Hall in Philadelphia in 1789.

The metro area is one of the nation's leading regions for academia and academic research with a considerable number of globally-known and highly ranked universities, including theUniversity of Pennsylvania, one of the nation's eightIvy League universities. Other major universities and colleges in the region includeSwarthmore College,Drexel University,La Salle University,Bryn Mawr College,Rowan University,Rutgers University–Camden,Saint Joseph's University,Stockton University,Temple University,Thomas Jefferson University, theUniversity of Delaware,Villanova University,West Chester University,Widener University,Ursinus College,Haverford College, thePennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, theMoore College of Art and Design, theTyler School of Art and Architecture, and others.[5]

The Philadelphia metropolitan area is considered abiotechnology hub.[6] As of 2024, the area ranks as one of the Big Five U.S.venture capital hubs, facilitated by its proximity to both New York City'sentrepreneurial andfinancial ecosystems and to thefederal regulatory environment of Washington, D.C.[7] Elsewhere in the metropolitan area, South Jersey has emerged as anEast Coast epicenter forlogistics and major warehouses.[8]

Culturally, the region is home to the dialect known asPhiladelphia English, shares a unique cuisine known asPhiladelphia cuisine, has played aformidable role in popular music, and is known for having one of the nation's most passionate and devoted sports cultures centered around itsfive professional sports teams.

Geography and population

[edit]
See also:Geography of Pennsylvania,Geography of New Jersey, andGeography of Delaware
The drainage basin of theDelaware River

The Philadelphia metropolitan area is geographically associated and proximate to theDelaware River and its three primary tributaries, theSchuylkill River,Lehigh River, andBrandywine Creek.

U.S. government agencies have reached various definitions of metropolitan Philadelphia. TheOffice of Management and Budget (OMB) definesmetropolitan statistical area (MSAs), which are regions with relatively high population densities at their cores and close economic ties throughout their respective areas. MSAs are further combined intocombined statistical areas (CSAs), reflecting commuting patterns. Neither is a formal administrative division.

Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1820171,430
1830228,20333.1%
1840305,27833.8%
1850467,05353.0%
1860636,02936.2%
1870841,23032.3%
18801,062,67726.3%
18901,391,15730.9%
19001,892,49636.0%
19102,268,20919.9%
19202,714,27119.7%
19303,137,04015.6%
19403,299,6375.2%
19503,671,04811.3%
19604,757,46229.6%
19705,317,40711.8%
19805,240,039−1.5%
19905,435,4683.7%
20005,687,1474.6%
20105,965,3434.9%
20206,245,0514.7%
2022 (est.)6,241,164−0.1%
U.S. Decennial Census

As of the2020 U.S. census, the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area is theseventh-largest MSA in the nation with 6,245,051 people.[9] The MSA includes:

County2021 Estimate2020 CensusChangeAreaDensity
Philadelphia County1,576,2511,603,797−1.72%134.28 sq mi (347.8 km2)11,739/sq mi (4,532/km2)
Montgomery County860,578856,553+0.47%483 sq mi (1,250 km2)1,782/sq mi (688/km2)
Bucks County646,098646,538−0.07%604 sq mi (1,560 km2)1,070/sq mi (413/km2)
Delaware County573,849576,830−0.52%184 sq mi (480 km2)3,119/sq mi (1,204/km2)
New Castle County571,708570,719+0.17%426 sq mi (1,100 km2)1,342/sq mi (518/km2)
Chester County538,649534,413+0.79%751 sq mi (1,950 km2)717/sq mi (277/km2)
Camden County523,771523,485+0.05%221.26 sq mi (573.1 km2)2,367/sq mi (914/km2)
Burlington County464,269461,860+0.52%798.58 sq mi (2,068.3 km2)581/sq mi (224/km2)
Gloucester County304,477302,294+0.72%322 sq mi (830 km2)946/sq mi (365/km2)
Salem County65,04664,837+0.32%331.9 sq mi (860 km2)196/sq mi (76/km2)
Cecil County103,725104,870−1.09%418 sq mi (1,080 km2)251/sq mi (97/km2)
Total MSA Population6,228,6016,245,051−0.26%4,602.02 sq mi (11,919.2 km2)1,353/sq mi (523/km2)

Combined statistical area (CSA)

[edit]

As of 2020, the Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA is the nation's ninth-largestcombined statistical area with a population of 7,379,700.Philadelphia-Reading-Camden Combined Statistical Area includes:

County2021 Estimate2020 CensusChangeAreaDensity
Berks County429,342428,849+0.11%857 sq mi (2,220 km2)501/sq mi (193/km2)
Atlantic County274,966274,534+0.16%555.7 sq mi (1,439 km2)495/sq mi (191/km2)
Kent County184,149181,851+1.26%586 sq mi (1,520 km2)314/sq mi (121/km2)
Cumberland County153,627154,152−0.34%483.7 sq mi (1,253 km2)318/sq mi (123/km2)
Cape May County95,66195,263+0.42%251.42 sq mi (651.2 km2)380/sq mi (147/km2)
Total CSA Population7,366,3467,379,700−0.18%7,335.84 sq mi (18,999.7 km2)1,004/sq mi (388/km2)
The Philadelphia metropolitan area is part of theNortheast megalopolis, the second-most highly populatedmegaregion of the U.S. with 52.3 million residents.

Statistical history

[edit]

When metropolitan areas were originally defined in 1950, most of this urban area was split between four metropolitan areas, or standard metropolitan areas, as they were then called. The Philadelphia SMA includedPhiladelphia,Bucks,Chester,Delaware, andMontgomery counties inPennsylvania, andBurlington,Camden, andGloucester counties inSouth Jersey. The Wilmington SMA includedNew Castle County inDelaware andSalem County in South Jersey.Berks County was designated as the Reading SMA andAtlantic County, New Jersey was the Atlantic City SMA.

In 1960,Cecil County, Maryland was added to what was now the Wilmington Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). In 1980,Cumberland County, New Jersey was defined as the Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton SMSA.

In 1990, the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton SMSAs were merged with the Trenton SMSA to form thePhiladelphia–Wilmington–Trenton Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the same time,Cape May County, New Jersey was added to the Atlantic City SMSA. The "Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton" became obsolete one census later whenTrenton, New Jersey was moved to the New York-Newark-Bridgeport CSA. The Philadelphia-Wilmington-Vineland CSA included the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden MSA and the Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton MSA.[10]

In 2000,Kent County, Delaware was designated the Dover MSA, and Kent County andAtlantic City were added to the Philadelphia CSA in 2010. As a result of new 2010 definitions, based on a threshold of 15% labor interchange between MSAs, two additional MSAs were added,Ocean City, New Jersey andReading, Pennsylvania. The CSA to which they belong is known as Philadelphia-Reading-Camden.[11]

Climate Types

[edit]

All of it is Humid Subtropical

  • Maryland Köppen Climate Types
    MarylandKöppen Climate Types
  • Pennsylvania Köppen Climate Types
    Pennsylvania Köppen Climate Types
  • Delaware Köppen Climate Types
    DelawareKöppen Climate Types
  • New Jersey Köppen Climate Types
    New Jersey Köppen Climate Types

Subregions

[edit]

The Philadelphia–Reading–Camden combined statistical area includes sixteen counties in four states. The fivePennsylvania counties in the metropolitan statistical area are collectively known as Southeastern Pennsylvania.[12] In addition to Philadelphia, major municipalities in Southeastern Pennsylvania include the inner suburbs ofUpper Darby Township andBensalem Township.Berks County, which forms its own MSA and contains the CSA's second largest city,Reading, is occasionally not considered to be part of Southeastern Pennsylvania and is sometimes assigned toSouth Central Pennsylvania.

The sevenNew Jersey counties in the CSA are inSouth Jersey.[13] Atlantic County, Cape May County, and Cumberland County each form their own respective metropolitan statistical areas.Atlantic City,Cape May County, New Jersey, and the southernJersey Shore, includingMargate City,Ventnor City,the Wildwoods,Northfield,Sea Isle City, are major tourist destinations for people from inside and outside of the metropolitan area. Other major municipalities in South Jersey includeCherry Hill andCamden, which is across theDelaware River, east of Philadelphia.Burlington,Camden,Gloucester, andSalem Counties comprise the Delaware River Region, one of seven officially recognizedtourism regions by the New Jersey Department of Tourism.[14]

The two counties of Delaware in the CSA constitute a majority of Delaware's land mass and population.Wilmington is the most populous city in Delaware and the fifth-most populous municipality in the metropolitan Philadelphia. The lone Maryland county in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden Combined Statistical Area is part of the region known as theEastern Shore of Maryland.

Ethnically,Indians make up the largest foreign-born population in Greater Philadelphia.[15]

Largest municipalities

[edit]
Philadelphia, the most populous city in the metropolitan area and the sixth-most populous city in the nation with over 1.6 million residents
Reading, Pennsylvania
Ocean City, New Jersey
Wilmington, Delaware
See also:List of municipalities in Delaware,List of municipalities in Maryland,List of municipalities in New Jersey, andList of municipalities in Pennsylvania

The following municipalities are all within the Philadelphia–Reading–Camdencombined statistical area as of the2020 census:[16]

CityPop.CountyState
Philadelphia1,603,797PhiladelphiaPA
Reading95,112BerksPA
Upper Darby Township85,681DelawarePA
Cherry Hill74,553CamdenNJ
Camden71,792CamdenNJ
Wilmington70,898New CastleDE
Gloucester Township66,034CamdenNJ
Lower Merion Township63,633MontgomeryPA
Bensalem Township62,707BucksPA
Vineland60,780CumberlandNJ


Abington Township58,502MontgomeryPA
Bristol Township54,291BucksPA
Haverford Township50,437DelawarePA
Washington Township48,667GloucesterNJ
Egg Harbor Township47,842AtlanticNJ
Evesham Township46,826BurlingtonNJ
Middletown Township46,040BucksPA


Mount Laurel44,633BurlingtonNJ
Northampton Township39,915BucksPA
Winslow Township39,907CamdenNJ

Climate

[edit]

The Philadelphia metro area has four distinct seasons with ample precipitation and is divided by the 0 °C (32 °F) Januaryisotherm. Philadelphia and the New Jersey portion of the area, almost all of the Delaware and Maryland portions, most of Delaware County and lower Bucks County, lowland southern Chester County, and some southern and lowland areas of Montgomery County have ahumid subtropical climate (Cfa according to theKöppen climate classification.) The remainder of the metro area has a hot summerhumid continental climate (Dfa.)PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University

Snow amounts may vary widely year-to-year and normally do vary widely within metro Philadelphia. The region has two ski resorts,Bear Creek Mountain Resort inLongswamp Township, Berks County and Spring Mountain Adventures in centralMontgomery County.

Using the -3 °C January isotherm as a boundary, all of the metro area is humid subtropical. Thehardiness zone in the region ranges from 6b in higher areas of Berks and northern Bucks Counties to 8a in Atlantic City and Cape May.[1]

Using theTrewartha climate classification system, which requires eight months to average at least 50 °F for the climate to be considered subtropical, the region only has seven such months, so the area consideredCfa by Köppen isoceanic (Do) in the Trewartha system.

Climate data for Philadelphia (Philadelphia Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[b] extremes 1872–present[c]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)74
(23)
79
(26)
87
(31)
95
(35)
97
(36)
102
(39)
104
(40)
106
(41)
102
(39)
96
(36)
84
(29)
73
(23)
106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)63.3
(17.4)
63.5
(17.5)
73.8
(23.2)
84.3
(29.1)
90.2
(32.3)
94.8
(34.9)
97.1
(36.2)
94.8
(34.9)
90.6
(32.6)
82.6
(28.1)
72.4
(22.4)
64.2
(17.9)
98.1
(36.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)41.3
(5.2)
44.3
(6.8)
52.8
(11.6)
64.7
(18.2)
74.4
(23.6)
83.2
(28.4)
87.8
(31.0)
85.8
(29.9)
78.9
(26.1)
67.2
(19.6)
55.9
(13.3)
46.0
(7.8)
65.2
(18.4)
Daily mean °F (°C)33.7
(0.9)
35.9
(2.2)
43.6
(6.4)
54.5
(12.5)
64.3
(17.9)
73.5
(23.1)
78.7
(25.9)
76.8
(24.9)
69.9
(21.1)
58.2
(14.6)
47.4
(8.6)
38.6
(3.7)
56.3
(13.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)26.0
(−3.3)
27.5
(−2.5)
34.3
(1.3)
44.3
(6.8)
54.2
(12.3)
63.9
(17.7)
69.6
(20.9)
67.9
(19.9)
60.9
(16.1)
49.2
(9.6)
38.8
(3.8)
31.2
(−0.4)
47.3
(8.5)
Mean minimum °F (°C)10.7
(−11.8)
13.7
(−10.2)
20.8
(−6.2)
33.0
(0.6)
43.1
(6.2)
53.2
(11.8)
62.2
(16.8)
60.3
(15.7)
49.5
(9.7)
37.1
(2.8)
26.4
(−3.1)
19.0
(−7.2)
8.6
(−13.0)
Record low °F (°C)−7
(−22)
−11
(−24)
5
(−15)
14
(−10)
28
(−2)
44
(7)
51
(11)
44
(7)
35
(2)
25
(−4)
8
(−13)
−5
(−21)
−11
(−24)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.13
(80)
2.75
(70)
3.96
(101)
3.47
(88)
3.34
(85)
4.04
(103)
4.38
(111)
4.29
(109)
4.40
(112)
3.47
(88)
2.91
(74)
3.97
(101)
44.11
(1,120)
Average snowfall inches (cm)7.1
(18)
8.4
(21)
3.6
(9.1)
0.3
(0.76)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.2
(0.51)
3.5
(8.9)
23.1
(59)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)11.09.710.910.911.010.310.18.99.39.18.611.0120.8
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in)4.13.82.00.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.11.812.0
Averagerelative humidity (%)66.263.661.760.465.467.869.670.471.670.868.467.767.0
Averagedew point °F (°C)19.8
(−6.8)
21.0
(−6.1)
28.6
(−1.9)
37.0
(2.8)
49.5
(9.7)
59.2
(15.1)
64.6
(18.1)
63.7
(17.6)
57.2
(14.0)
45.7
(7.6)
35.6
(2.0)
25.5
(−3.6)
42.3
(5.7)
Mean monthlysunshine hours155.7154.7202.8217.0245.1271.2275.6260.1219.3204.5154.7137.72,498.4
Percentagepossible sunshine52525555556161615959524756
Averageultraviolet index2346899864225
Source 1:NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)[20][21][18]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV index)[22]
Climate data for Philadelphia
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Average sea temperature °F (°C)41.8
(5.5)
39.9
(4.4)
41.2
(5.1)
46.7
(8.2)
53.9
(12.2)
66.3
(19.0)
74.0
(23.3)
75.9
(24.4)
71.4
(21.9)
64.2
(17.9)
55.1
(12.8)
47.7
(8.8)
56.5
(13.6)
Mean daily daylight hours10.011.012.013.014.015.015.014.012.011.010.09.012.2
Source: Weather Atlas[22]
Climate data forAtlantic City International Airport, 1991–2020 normals,[d] extremes 1874–present[e]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)78
(26)
76
(24)
87
(31)
94
(34)
99
(37)
106
(41)
105
(41)
103
(39)
99
(37)
96
(36)
84
(29)
77
(25)
106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)63.5
(17.5)
64.8
(18.2)
73.2
(22.9)
83.2
(28.4)
89.3
(31.8)
94.5
(34.7)
96.9
(36.1)
94.6
(34.8)
90.1
(32.3)
82.8
(28.2)
72.7
(22.6)
65.3
(18.5)
98.1
(36.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)43.2
(6.2)
45.8
(7.7)
52.6
(11.4)
63.3
(17.4)
72.5
(22.5)
81.5
(27.5)
86.6
(30.3)
84.8
(29.3)
78.5
(25.8)
67.7
(19.8)
57.1
(13.9)
48.1
(8.9)
65.1
(18.4)
Daily mean °F (°C)34.1
(1.2)
36.0
(2.2)
42.6
(5.9)
52.5
(11.4)
61.9
(16.6)
71.4
(21.9)
76.9
(24.9)
75.0
(23.9)
68.4
(20.2)
57.1
(13.9)
46.8
(8.2)
38.7
(3.7)
55.1
(12.8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)25.1
(−3.8)
26.2
(−3.2)
32.6
(0.3)
41.7
(5.4)
51.4
(10.8)
61.3
(16.3)
67.2
(19.6)
65.2
(18.4)
58.2
(14.6)
46.4
(8.0)
36.6
(2.6)
29.4
(−1.4)
45.1
(7.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C)6.5
(−14.2)
9.7
(−12.4)
16.1
(−8.8)
26.7
(−2.9)
36.0
(2.2)
46.2
(7.9)
55.9
(13.3)
53.8
(12.1)
43.5
(6.4)
31.0
(−0.6)
20.4
(−6.4)
14.0
(−10.0)
4.4
(−15.3)
Record low °F (°C)−10
(−23)
−11
(−24)
2
(−17)
12
(−11)
25
(−4)
37
(3)
42
(6)
40
(4)
32
(0)
20
(−7)
10
(−12)
−7
(−22)
−11
(−24)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.38
(86)
3.23
(82)
4.52
(115)
3.32
(84)
3.34
(85)
3.58
(91)
4.47
(114)
4.59
(117)
3.55
(90)
4.14
(105)
3.37
(86)
4.47
(114)
45.96
(1,167)
Average snowfall inches (cm)5.7
(14)
5.9
(15)
2.2
(5.6)
0.3
(0.76)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.25)
3.2
(8.1)
17.4
(44)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm)3.6
(9.1)
3.1
(7.9)
1.3
(3.3)
0.1
(0.25)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
1.9
(4.8)
6.0
(15)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)10.810.410.911.410.59.99.99.28.58.98.910.8120.1
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in)3.03.21.20.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.48.9
Averagerelative humidity (%)69.569.066.966.470.772.973.975.776.474.872.870.671.6
Averagedew point °F (°C)21.6
(−5.8)
23.2
(−4.9)
30.0
(−1.1)
37.9
(3.3)
49.5
(9.7)
59.4
(15.2)
64.8
(18.2)
64.2
(17.9)
57.7
(14.3)
46.4
(8.0)
37.0
(2.8)
27.0
(−2.8)
43.2
(6.2)
Mean monthlysunshine hours150.8157.9204.5218.9243.9266.2276.3271.3227.6200.5147.4133.82,499.1
Percentagepossible sunshine50535555556061646158494656
Averageultraviolet index1.62.64.26.07.58.58.67.76.03.82.11.55.0
Source 1:NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)[24][25][26]
Source 2: UV Index Today (1995 to 2022)[27]
Climate data for Doylestown, Pennsylvania
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)39
(4)
43
(6)
52
(11)
63
(17)
74
(23)
82
(28)
87
(31)
85
(29)
77
(25)
66
(19)
55
(13)
44
(7)
64
(18)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)24
(−4)
25
(−4)
33
(1)
42
(6)
52
(11)
61
(16)
66
(19)
65
(18)
57
(14)
45
(7)
37
(3)
29
(−2)
45
(7)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.94
(100)
2.87
(73)
4.24
(108)
3.85
(98)
4.81
(122)
3.61
(92)
4.72
(120)
4.34
(110)
4.66
(118)
3.35
(85)
3.74
(95)
3.80
(97)
47.93
(1,217)
Source: Weather Channel[28]
Climate data for Reading, PA (Reading Regional Airport) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1888–present
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)77
(25)
82
(28)
88
(31)
97
(36)
96
(36)
102
(39)
106
(41)
105
(41)
102
(39)
94
(34)
84
(29)
77
(25)
106
(41)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)38.6
(3.7)
41.9
(5.5)
51.0
(10.6)
63.4
(17.4)
73.5
(23.1)
82.0
(27.8)
86.5
(30.3)
84.4
(29.1)
77.1
(25.1)
65.4
(18.6)
53.8
(12.1)
43.4
(6.3)
63.4
(17.4)
Daily mean °F (°C)30.8
(−0.7)
33.1
(0.6)
41.5
(5.3)
52.5
(11.4)
62.5
(16.9)
71.6
(22.0)
76.1
(24.5)
74.3
(23.5)
66.9
(19.4)
55.2
(12.9)
44.6
(7.0)
35.7
(2.1)
53.7
(12.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)23.0
(−5.0)
24.4
(−4.2)
31.9
(−0.1)
41.7
(5.4)
51.5
(10.8)
61.2
(16.2)
65.8
(18.8)
64.1
(17.8)
56.6
(13.7)
45.0
(7.2)
35.4
(1.9)
28.0
(−2.2)
44.1
(6.7)
Record low °F (°C)−20
(−29)
−13
(−25)
−2
(−19)
12
(−11)
26
(−3)
36
(2)
43
(6)
39
(4)
30
(−1)
20
(−7)
8
(−13)
−6
(−21)
−20
(−29)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)2.97
(75)
2.61
(66)
3.53
(90)
3.35
(85)
3.51
(89)
4.77
(121)
4.77
(121)
4.49
(114)
4.88
(124)
3.80
(97)
3.02
(77)
3.51
(89)
45.21
(1,148)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)10.310.210.711.612.512.410.711.29.110.18.910.8128.5
Source:NOAA[29][30]
Climate data for Dover, Delaware (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1893–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)77
(25)
80
(27)
88
(31)
97
(36)
98
(37)
101
(38)
104
(40)
102
(39)
99
(37)
95
(35)
85
(29)
75
(24)
104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C)66
(19)
65
(18)
73
(23)
83
(28)
88
(31)
93
(34)
95
(35)
93
(34)
89
(32)
83
(28)
74
(23)
66
(19)
96
(36)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)44.4
(6.9)
47.4
(8.6)
54.5
(12.5)
66.0
(18.9)
74.4
(23.6)
82.7
(28.2)
86.9
(30.5)
85.1
(29.5)
79.2
(26.2)
68.9
(20.5)
58.0
(14.4)
48.6
(9.2)
66.3
(19.1)
Daily mean °F (°C)36.0
(2.2)
38.2
(3.4)
45.0
(7.2)
55.5
(13.1)
64.4
(18.0)
73.2
(22.9)
77.9
(25.5)
76.2
(24.6)
70.1
(21.2)
59.2
(15.1)
48.7
(9.3)
40.3
(4.6)
57.1
(13.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)27.6
(−2.4)
29.0
(−1.7)
35.4
(1.9)
44.9
(7.2)
54.4
(12.4)
63.8
(17.7)
69.0
(20.6)
67.3
(19.6)
61.0
(16.1)
49.5
(9.7)
39.3
(4.1)
32.1
(0.1)
47.8
(8.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C)11
(−12)
13
(−11)
20
(−7)
31
(−1)
41
(5)
51
(11)
59
(15)
58
(14)
48
(9)
34
(1)
24
(−4)
18
(−8)
9
(−13)
Record low °F (°C)−7
(−22)
−11
(−24)
7
(−14)
14
(−10)
28
(−2)
41
(5)
45
(7)
35
(2)
30
(−1)
25
(−4)
11
(−12)
−3
(−19)
−11
(−24)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.43
(87)
3.08
(78)
4.21
(107)
3.72
(94)
3.89
(99)
4.56
(116)
4.14
(105)
4.92
(125)
4.25
(108)
4.06
(103)
3.36
(85)
3.99
(101)
47.61
(1,209)
Average snowfall inches (cm)4.1
(10)
5.9
(15)
0.6
(1.5)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
2.6
(6.6)
13.2
(34)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)9.79.29.810.310.59.29.08.28.28.07.410.2109.7
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in)1.81.90.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.84.9
Averageultraviolet index2356899874225
Source 1:NOAA[29][30]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[31]
Climate data for Wilmington, Delaware (New Castle County Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1894–present
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)75
(24)
78
(26)
86
(30)
97
(36)
98
(37)
102
(39)
103
(39)
107
(42)
100
(38)
98
(37)
85
(29)
75
(24)
107
(42)
Mean maximum °F (°C)63
(17)
64
(18)
74
(23)
83
(28)
89
(32)
93
(34)
96
(36)
94
(34)
90
(32)
83
(28)
72
(22)
64
(18)
97
(36)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)41.4
(5.2)
44.1
(6.7)
52.5
(11.4)
64.2
(17.9)
73.5
(23.1)
82.2
(27.9)
86.8
(30.4)
84.9
(29.4)
78.5
(25.8)
67.0
(19.4)
55.9
(13.3)
46.0
(7.8)
64.8
(18.2)
Daily mean °F (°C)33.5
(0.8)
35.5
(1.9)
43.2
(6.2)
53.9
(12.2)
63.5
(17.5)
72.6
(22.6)
77.6
(25.3)
75.8
(24.3)
68.9
(20.5)
57.2
(14.0)
46.6
(8.1)
38.2
(3.4)
55.5
(13.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)25.6
(−3.6)
27.0
(−2.8)
33.9
(1.1)
43.5
(6.4)
53.4
(11.9)
63.0
(17.2)
68.3
(20.2)
66.6
(19.2)
59.3
(15.2)
47.3
(8.5)
37.4
(3.0)
30.3
(−0.9)
46.3
(7.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C)10
(−12)
12
(−11)
19
(−7)
30
(−1)
39
(4)
50
(10)
58
(14)
56
(13)
45
(7)
33
(1)
23
(−5)
16
(−9)
7
(−14)
Record low °F (°C)−14
(−26)
−15
(−26)
2
(−17)
11
(−12)
30
(−1)
40
(4)
48
(9)
43
(6)
32
(0)
23
(−5)
11
(−12)
−7
(−22)
−15
(−26)
Averageprecipitation inches (mm)3.23
(82)
2.83
(72)
4.16
(106)
3.51
(89)
3.57
(91)
4.67
(119)
4.41
(112)
3.98
(101)
4.38
(111)
3.68
(93)
3.06
(78)
3.85
(98)
45.33
(1,151)
Average snowfall inches (cm)6.1
(15)
7.8
(20)
3.1
(7.9)
0.1
(0.25)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.2
(0.51)
2.9
(7.4)
20.2
(51)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)10.810.011.211.111.711.010.08.98.88.98.810.6121.8
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in)3.53.51.70.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.21.710.7
Source:NOAA[29][30]

Economy

[edit]
Further information:Economy of Philadelphia

As of 2021, the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area has agross domestic product of $477.58 billion, thetenth-largest among the nation's MSAs. The MSA's nominal gross domestic product of $431 billion is comparable tocountries, such asBelgium,Iran, andThailand.[32] Metropolitan Philadelphia is one of the top five Americanventure capital hubs, credited to its proximity to theNew York metropolitan area and itsfinancial andtech and biotechnology ecosystems.

At least two educational institutions,Delaware Valley Regional High School inAlexandria Township, New Jersey, andDelaware Valley College inDoylestown Township, Pennsylvania, and a now defunct local newspaper,The Delaware Valley News inFrenchtown, New Jersey, are named for the region.

Delaware Regional Planning Commission

[edit]
Main article:Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission

The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) serves all of the counties of the Philadelphia MSA except for the counties in the Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ Metropolitan Division. However, in addition to the metropolitan area, DVRPC's jurisdiction includesMercer County, New Jersey, which OMB classifies as the Trenton-Princeton, NJ MSA and part of the largerNew York-Newark CSA.[33]

Colonial history

[edit]
Further information:History of Philadelphia

The valley was the territory of theSusquehannock andLenape, who are recalled in place names throughout the region. The region became part of the Dutch colony ofNew Netherland after the exploration ofDelaware Bay in 1609. The Dutch called theDelaware River theZuyd Rivier, or South River, and considered the lands along it banks and those of itsbay to be the southern flank of its province ofNew Netherland. In 1638, it began to be settled by Swedes, Forest Finns, Dutch, andWalloons and became the colony ofNew Sweden, though this was not officially recognized by theDutch Empire which re-asserted control in 1655. The area was taken by theEnglish in 1664.[34]The name Delaware comes fromThomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, who had arrived atJamestown, Virginia in 1610, just as original settlers were about to abandon it, and thus maintaining the English foothold on theNorth American continent. In the early 1700s,Huguenot refugees from France by way of Germany and then England began settling in the Delaware River Valley. Specifically, they left their mark inHunterdon County, New Jersey (Frenchtown) andBethlehem, Pennsylvania.[35]

Transportation

[edit]
See also:Transportation in Philadelphia

Many residents commute to jobs and travel in Philadelphia, Camden, Wilmington, and the surrounding suburbs with the help ofexpressways,trains, andbuses. There are currently no transit connections to Reading, the second largest municipality in the region.

Rail

[edit]

Rapid transit

[edit]
SEPTA'sM line at63rd Street Station inWest Philadelphia

Light rail

[edit]

Commuter rail

[edit]
Thegrand concourse at Philadelphia's30th Street Station, which servesAmtrak,SEPTA Regional Rail, andNJ Transit'sAtlantic City Line

Intercity rail

[edit]

Bus service

[edit]

Transit buses

[edit]

Intercity bus

[edit]

Major highways

[edit]

Pennsylvania

[edit]

New Jersey

[edit]

Delaware

[edit]

Maryland

[edit]

Delaware River Bridges

[edit]
Benjamin Franklin Bridge, connecting Philadelphia in the west withCamden, New Jersey in the east
Philadelphia International Airport

Airports

[edit]
Main article:List of airports in the Philadelphia metropolitan area

Major:

Secondary:

Ferry

[edit]

TheCape May–Lewes Ferry crosses the mouth of theDelaware Bay betweenCape May County, New Jersey andSussex County, Delaware;US 9 uses this ferry.

TheRiverLink Ferry operates hourly ferry service over theDelaware River between theCamden Waterfront andPenn's Landing inPhiladelphia.[37] They also operate a special event service for concerts atFreedom Mortgage Pavilion inCamden.[38]

Colleges and universities

[edit]
Parrish Hall atSwarthmore College and Cohen Hall, previously named Logan Hall, former home of theWharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. The Wharton School is consistently ranked as the best business school in the world.[39]

Delaware

[edit]

Maryland

[edit]

New Jersey

[edit]

Pennsylvania

[edit]

Culture

[edit]
Further information:Culture of Philadelphia,Cuisine of Philadelphia, andPhiladelphia English

Characteristics

[edit]
Philadelphia'sChinatown, home to manyChinese andVietnamese restaurants
Hindu Temple of Delaware inHockessin, Delaware
West Chester, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia's suburbs contain a high concentration of malls, the two largest of which have at least 5,000,000 square feet (460,000 m2) of office space, and at least 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) of retail. These are theKing of Prussia mall in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, which is the largest in the U.S. (leasable sq. feet of retail space), and theCherry Hill Mall inCherry Hill, New Jersey, which was the first enclosed mall on the East Coast. In addition, theChristiana Mall in Newark, Delaware, is a popular destination due to its proximity toInterstate 95 and because of the availability of tax-free shopping in Delaware. Malls, office complexes, strip shopping plazas, expressways, and tract housing are common sights, and more and more continue to replace rolling countryside, farms, woods, and wetlands. However, due to strong opposition by residents and political officials, many acres of land have been preserved throughout the metro area. Older townships and large boroughs, such asCheltenham,Norristown,Jenkintown,Upper Darby, andWest Chester retain distinct community identities while engulfed in suburbia.

Mid-Atlantic American English and its subset,Philadelphia English, are two common dialects ofAmerican English in the Philadelphia area.

Citizens Bank Park inSouth Philadelphia, home of thePhiladelphia Phillies

Sports teams

[edit]
Further information:Sports in Philadelphia

Listing of the professional sports teams in the Philadelphia metro area:

Media

[edit]
Main article:Media in Philadelphia

The Philadelphia metro area has several urban areas that border on it, including theLehigh Valley, and are part of thePhiladelphia media market, thefourth-largest media market in the nation as of 2023.[40]

The two main newspapers areThe Philadelphia Inquirer and thePhiladelphia Daily News, owned by thePhiladelphia Media Network. Local television channels includeKYW-TV 3 (CBS),WPVI 6 (ABC),WCAU 10 (NBC),WHYY-TV 12 (PBS),WPHL-TV 17 (MyNetworkTV),WTXF 29 (FOX),WPSG 57 (CW), andWPPX 61 (Ion). Radio stations serving the area include:WRTI,WIOQ,WDAS (AM), andWTEL.

Full power
Low-power
Outlying areas
  • WACP 4
    • TCT, Atlantic City, NJ
  • WSJT-LD 15
    • Atlantic City, NJ
  • WPHY-CD 25
    • Trenton, NJ
  • WLVT-TV 39
    • PBS, Allentown
  • WMGM-TV 40
    • .1 True Crime Network
    • .3 Univision, Atlantic City, NJ
  • WGTW-TV 48
    • TBN, Millville, NJ
  • WNJT 52
    • PBS, Trenton, NJ
  • WBPH-TV 60
    • Religious Ind., Bethlehem
  • WFMZ-TV 69
    • Ind., Allentown
Defunct
Radio stations in thePhiladelphia metropolitan area
AM
FM
LPFM
Translators
NOAA
Digital
Call signs
Online
Defunct

Area codes

[edit]
  • 215/267/445: The City of Philadelphia and some of its northern suburbs
  • 610/484/835: Southeastern Pennsylvania outside Philadelphia, including the western suburbs, the Lehigh Valley, and most of Berks County
  • 856: Southwestern New Jersey, including Camden, Cherry Hill, and Vineland
  • 609/640: Central and Southeastern New Jersey, including Trenton, Atlantic City and the southern Jersey Shore
  • 302: Delaware
  • 410/443/667: Eastern half of Maryland, including Cecil County
  • 717/223: South Central Pennsylvania, including Western Berks County

Politics

[edit]
See also:Politics of Pennsylvania

The city ofPhiladelphia is heavilyDemocratic, having voted for the Democratic candidate in every presidential election since1936. The surrounding suburban counties are key political areas in Pennsylvania, which itself is an importantswing state in federal politics.[41] South Jersey has consistently voted Democratic at the presidential level in recent years, although the region is slightly more Republican-leaning than North Jersey and has voted for Republicans at the state and local level.[42] New Castle County's Democratic lean and large share of Delaware's population has tended to make Delaware as a whole vote for Democrats, while the less populous Kent County is more competitive.[43] Cecil County in Maryland has been reliably Republican, voting for the party's candidate in all but two presidential elections since1952. Recent well-known political figures from the Philadelphia area include former U.S. PresidentJoe Biden, current Pennsylvania governorJosh Shapiro, former Pennsylvania governorEd Rendell, and the late U.S. SenatorArlen Specter.

Delaware Valley Presidential election results[44][45]
YearDemocraticRepublicanThird parties
202462.2%1,558,90236.7%918,6681.1%26,749
202064.5%1,610,59534.6%862,8270.9%23,665
201662.8%1,404,68834.0%759,2473.2%72,179
201263.9%1,361,79735.1%747,8221.0%21,781
200865.3%1,442,15433.7%743,2281.0%21,905
200461.5%1,276,30638.0%787,8920.4%9,123
200060.0%1,036,31337.4%645,4522.7%45,917
2000 Presidential Election by Municipality
2004 Presidential Election by Municipality
2008 Presidential Election by Municipality
2012 Presidential Election by Municipality
2016 Presidential Election by Municipality
2020 Presidential Election by Municipality
2024 Presidential Election by Municipality

Congressional districts

[edit]

The followingcongressional districts of theUnited States House of Representatives are located partly or entirely in the Phladelphia combined statistical area.Italicized counties are not part of the CSA.

DistrictIncumbent
DistrictPVIIncumbentPartyCounties
DE-ALD+6Sarah McBrideDKent, New Castle, andSussex
MD-1R+14Andy HarrisRBaltimore,Caroline,Carroll, Cecil,Dorchester,Harford,Kent,Queen Anne's,Somerset,Talbot,Wicomico, andWorcester
NJ-1D+13Donald NorcrossDBurlington, Camden, and Gloucester
NJ-2R+1Jeff Van DrewRAtlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester,Ocean, and Salem
NJ-3R+2Herb ConawayDBurlington andOcean
PA-1R+1Brian FitzpatrickRBucks and Montgomery
PA-2D+25Brendan BoyleDPhiladelphia
PA-3D+41Dwight EvansDPhiladelphia
PA-4D+7Madeleine DeanDBerks and Montgomery
PA-5D+13Mary Gay ScanlonDDelaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia
PA-6D+2Chrissy HoulahanDBerks and Chester
PA-9R+14Dan MeuserRBerks,Carbon,Columbia,Lebanon,Luzerne,Montour,Northumberland, andSchuylkill

Additionally, the Philadelphia metro area is represented in theUnited States Senate by the eight Senators from Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The OMB classifies Trenton and Mercer County as part of the NYC Metropolitan Area
  2. ^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  3. ^Official temperature and precipitation measurements for Philadelphia were taken at the Weather Bureau Office in downtown from January 1872 to 19 June 1940, and at Philadelphia Int'l from 20 June 1940 to the present.[17] Snowfall and snow depth records date to 1 January 1884 and 1 October 1948, respectively.[18] In 2006, snowfall measurements were moved toNational Park, New Jersey directly across the Delaware River from the airport.[19]
  4. ^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  5. ^The official climatology station for Atlantic City was at the Weather Bureau Office downtown from January 1874 to 15 June 1958 and Atlantic City Int'l (ACY) inEgg Harbor Township since 16 June 1958.[23] ACY's location in thePine Barrens and distance away from the coast andurban heat island of downtown Atlantic City largely account for its markedly colder temperatures at night as compared to downtown; for example, from 1959 to 2013, there were 50 days with a low of 0 °F (−18 °C) or lower, while in the same period, the corresponding number of days at downtown was 2. TheNational Weather Service ceased regular snowfall observations at downtown after the winter of 1958–59.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Welsh Mountain". RetrievedMay 5, 2016.
  2. ^"MyTopo – Welsh Mountain area". RetrievedMay 5, 2016.
  3. ^ab"Total Gross Domestic Product for Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (MSA)".fred.stlouisfed.org.
  4. ^"Words and Their Stories: Nicknames for Philadelphia and Boston".Voice of America. April 3, 2010. RetrievedJuly 11, 2017.
  5. ^Tucker, Laura (November 25, 2014)."Philadelphia". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. RetrievedOctober 11, 2015.
  6. ^Eramian, Daniel (November 2, 2020)."Is Philadelphia's biotech cluster faltering? Experts say no".STAT. RetrievedOctober 24, 2021.
  7. ^"Q2 2024". PitchBook-NVCA Venture Monitor. July 11, 2024. RetrievedJuly 11, 2024.
  8. ^Jon Hurdle (May 13, 2021)."Report details surge in warehouse construction…". NJ Spotlight News. Archived fromthe original on July 9, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2023.In South Jersey, the area has become the "epicenter" of warehouse construction in the greater Philadelphia region..'Activity in the Southern New Jersey industrial market continues to amaze,' the report said.
  9. ^"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016". United States Census Bureau. Archived fromthe original on February 14, 2020. RetrievedDecember 30, 2017.
  10. ^"Census 2000 PHC-T-29. Ranking Tables for Population of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, Combined Statistical Areas, New England City and Town Areas, and Combined New England City and Town Areas: 1990 and 2000" Table 7, released December 30, 2003. Accessed April 22, 2019.
  11. ^Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 13-01, February 28, 2013, accessed on April 22, 2019, at URLhttps://www.bls.gov/bls/omb-bulletin-13-01-revised-delineations-of-metropolitan-statistical-areas.pdf
  12. ^Bond, Michaelle (November 7, 2017)."In historic win, Delco Dems take council seats". Philly.com. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2018.
  13. ^Stirling, Steven (April 24, 2015)."Here are the North, Central, and South Jersey borders as determined by you (INTERACTIVE)". NJ.com. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2018.
  14. ^"Delaware River Region".Visit NJ.
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  16. ^https://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US37980-philadelphia-camden-wilmington-pa-nj-de-md-metro-area/
  17. ^ThreadEx; search for location= "PA - Philadelphia", variable= "Station thread"
  18. ^ab"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. RetrievedApril 13, 2016.
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  20. ^"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. RetrievedJune 13, 2021.
  21. ^"WMO Climate Normals for PHILADELPHIA/INT'L ARPT PA 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. RetrievedJuly 18, 2020.
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  27. ^"Historical UV Index Data - Atlantic City, NJ". UV Index Today. RetrievedApril 22, 2023.
  28. ^Average weather for DoylestownWeather Channel Retrieved May 12, 2008
  29. ^abc"NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. RetrievedJanuary 30, 2023.
  30. ^abc"Station: Dover, DE".U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. RetrievedJune 18, 2021.
  31. ^"Dover, Delaware, USA – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas.Archived from the original on June 29, 2019. RetrievedJuly 4, 2019.
  32. ^"Local Television Market Universe Estimates"(PDF).Nielsen. The Nielsen Company. September 24, 2016. RetrievedApril 11, 2017.
  33. ^"Greater Philadelphia Economic Development Framework"(PDF). September 2009. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2018.
  34. ^*Family Search.com: Map of Delaware Valley in 17th century showing forts & settlements with date of founding
  35. ^Calvin, Claude (1945).The Calvin Families. University of Wisconsin. pp. 47–53,57–71.
  36. ^"New Hope-Lambertville Route 202 Toll Bridge". Delaware River Joint Toll Brice Commission. Archived fromthe original on February 25, 2015.
  37. ^"General Service – Riverlink Ferry". RetrievedNovember 21, 2023.
  38. ^"Concert Service – Riverlink Ferry". RetrievedNovember 21, 2023.
  39. ^"The 50 best business schools in the world".Business Insider.
  40. ^"PHILADELPHIA DESIGNATED MARKET DATA".TruckAds. RetrievedJanuary 4, 2018.
  41. ^Cohen, Micah (October 29, 2012)."In Pennsylvania, the Democratic Lean Is Slight, but Durable".The New York Times. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2018.
  42. ^Cohen, Micah (July 14, 2012)."In Blue New Jersey, Red Spots May Be Sign of the Past". FiveThirtyEight. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2018.
  43. ^Cohen, Micah (August 31, 2012)."Delaware: A Small Example of a Larger Trend". FiveThirtyEight. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2018.
  44. ^"Philly Metro Presidential Results".Daves Redistricting. RetrievedSeptember 6, 2025.
  45. ^"Election Results".electionreturns.pa.gov.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Jean R. Soderlund,Lenape Country: Delaware Valley Society before William Penn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.
  • Mark L. Thompson,The Contest for the Delaware Valley: Allegiance, Identity, and Empire in the Seventeenth Century. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.

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