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| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
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| Routes of administration | Oral;injection (intramuscular or slowintravenous); topical (ophthalmic/nasal solution) |
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| Metabolism | Hepatichydroxylation,demethylation andglucuronidation |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 16 - 19 hrs (oral), 8 - 17 hrs (i.v.)[1] |
| Excretion | Renal |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.506 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H20N2 |
| Molar mass | 240.350 g·mol−1 |
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Pheniramine (trade nameAvil among others) is anantihistamine withanticholinergic properties used to treatallergic conditions such ashay fever orurticaria. It has relatively strongsedative effects, and may sometimes be used off-label as an over-the-counter sleeping pill in a similar manner to other sedating antihistamines such asdiphenhydramine. Pheniramine is also commonly found ineyedrops used for the treatment ofallergic conjunctivitis.
It was patented in 1948.[2] Pheniramine is generally sold in combination with other medications, rather than as a stand-alone drug, although some formulations are available containing pheniramine by itself.
Pheniramine may cause drowsiness orTachycardia, and over-dosage may lead to sleep disorders.[citation needed]
Overdose may lead toseizures, especially in combination withalcohol.[citation needed]
People combining withcortisol in the long term should avoid pheniramine as it may decrease levels of adrenaline (epinephrine) which may lead to loss of consciousness.[citation needed]
Pheniramine is adeliriant (hallucinogen) in toxic doses. Recreational use of Coricidin for thedissociative (hallucinogenic) effect of its dextromethorphan is hazardous because it also containschlorpheniramine.[citation needed]
Halogenation of pheniramine increases its potency 20-fold. Halogenated derivatives of pheniramine includechlorphenamine,brompheniramine,dexchlorpheniramine,dexbrompheniramine, andzimelidine. Two other halogenated derivatives,fluorpheniramine andiodopheniramine, are currently in use for research on combination therapies for malaria and some cancers.[citation needed]
Other analogs includediphenhydramine, anddoxylamine.
Pheniramine contains a stereocenter and can exists as either of twoenantiomers. The pharmaceutical drug is aracemate, an equal mixture of the (R)- and (S)-forms.[3]
| Enantiomers of pheniramine | |
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-Pheniramin_Structural_Formula_V1.svg) (R)-Pheniramine CAS number: 56141-72-1 | -Pheniramin_Structural_Formula_V1.svg) (S)-Pheniramine CAS number: 23201-92-5 |
Media related toPheniramine at Wikimedia Commons