Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm Phan Rang, Panduranga | |
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| Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm City Thành phố Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm | |
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| Nickname: Land of the towers[1] | |
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  Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm Location of in Vietnam Show map of Vietnam Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm (Southeast Asia) Show map of Southeast Asia Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm (Asia) Show map of Asia | |
| Coordinates:11°34′N108°59′E / 11.567°N 108.983°E /11.567; 108.983 | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Province | Ninh Thuận |
| Region | South Central Coast |
| Headquarter | No. 6A, 21/8 Street, Kinh Dinh Ward |
| Founded | 757, asPanduranga principality, by theChams |
| Incorporated | 1917, as Phan Rang town, byKhải Định |
| Consolidated | 2007, as the City of Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm |
| Named after | Panduranga andPo Klong Garai Temple |
| Subdivision | 12 wards, 1 commune |
| Area | |
| 79.18 km2 (30.57 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 9 m (29.53 ft) |
| Population (2023) | |
| 207,998[2] | |
| • Density | 2,626/km2 (6,800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 196,459 |
| • Rural | 11,539 |
| • Ethnicities | |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (ICT) |
| Postal code | 59000 |
| Area code | 259 |
| Vehicle registration | 85-B1 |
| Climate | As |
| Website | prtc |
Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm, commonly known asPhan Rang, is a city inVietnam and the capital ofNinh Thuận Province. The community has a population of 207,998 (2023), of which 196,459 (2023) live in the main city.
The namePhan Rang or in modernChamPan(da)rang is an indigenousChamized form of the originalSanskritPāṇḍuraṅga (another epithet for the Hindu godVithoba).[3] It first appeared onCham inscriptions around the tenth century asPaṅrauṅ orPanrāṅ,[4] and after that, it has been Vietnamese transliterated intoPhan Rang.[5] The nameTháp Chàm means "Cham Temple/Tower" and is named after the Po Klong Garai Temple in the northern part of the city.
What is now Phan Rang was formerly known asPanduranga, a principality ofChampa kingdom.
In 757, the southernChampa polity ofPanduranga was founded with local autonomy granted by theChampa king. Phan Rang then quickly rose as its religious and cultural center. Following theDai Viet attack onVijaya in 1471, Panduranga became the Champa kingdom's capital, serving in this role until 1693. ThePanduranga Principality was annexed by theVietnamese in 1832, marking the fall of the last Champa Kingdom.
The town of Phan Rang was established in 1917 during theNguyễn dynasty, by edict of EmperorKhải Định, and remained the provincial capital ofNinh Thuận Province until 1976, when the province merged withBình Thuận Province to formThuận Hải Province.
When the Japanese occupied the country inWorld War II, they established an airfield and it was later used by the French. During theRepublic of Vietnam, Phan Rang was the site of theUnited States Air Force'sPhan Rang Air Base in theVietnam War.
The town was divided into Phan Rang in the east, which became part ofNinh Hải District and Tháp Chàm in the west, which became part of An Son district. The two were again combined in 1992 to become Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm, the capital of Ninh Thuận Province, achieving city status in 2007.[6]
Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city is located in the center of Ninh Thuận province, 1,380 km south ofHanoi, 330 km northeast ofHo Chi Minh City, 95 km south ofNha Trang, with geographical location:
Located in the southernmost part of theSouth Central Coast region, Phan Rang has atropical savanna climate (KöppenAw). The average annual temperature ranges from 27 to 28 °C (80.6 to 82.4 °F), the average rainfall ranges from 700 to 800 millimetres (28 to 31 in) and humidity is about 70-75%.
The city's climate is divided into two distinct seasons, which are thedry season from December to August of the following year and therainy season from September to November. Although belonging to thetropical region, Phan Rang is among the cities with the least rainfall in the country, only about1/3 of the national average, and the lowest in Southeast Asia outside theMyanmar Dry Zone.
| Climate data for Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm (1993–2020) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 35.3 (95.5) | — | — | 35.3 (95.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.1 (82.6) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.1 (84.4) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.6 (83.5) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 25.6 (78.1) | 27.1 (80.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 8.8 (0.35) | 2.8 (0.11) | 12.0 (0.47) | 20.4 (0.80) | 65.6 (2.58) | 61.7 (2.43) | 54.7 (2.15) | 51.2 (2.02) | 138.6 (5.46) | 168.1 (6.62) | 171.0 (6.73) | 83.6 (3.29) | 838.5 (33.01) |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 71.9 | 72.3 | 74.9 | 76.2 | 76.8 | 75.3 | 75.8 | 76.2 | 79.5 | 80.5 | 78.6 | 74.5 | 76.0 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 241.7 | 255.2 | 278.5 | 278.3 | 258.2 | 239.2 | 234.0 | 242.2 | 195.6 | 194.0 | 189.7 | 189.4 | 3,029 |
| Source: Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration[7] | |||||||||||||
Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city is divided into 13 commune-level administrative units, including 12 wards: Bảo An, Đài Sơn, Đạo Long, Đô Vinh, Đông Hải, Kinh Dinh, Mỹ Bình, Mỹ Đông, Mỹ Hải, Phủ Hà, Phước Mỹ, Văn Hải and 1 commune: Thành Hải.
| List of administrative units under Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city has a very large contribution rate to the socio-economic development of Ninh Thuận province. Economic development reached a growth rate of 9.6%; Total social investment is over 4,515 billion VND.[8]
Trade and services are a key industry, with a total production value of over 20,700 billion VND, an increase of 9.6%, accounting for 62.3%. The city continues to promote Resolution No. 03-NQ/TU of the Standing Committee of the City on the development of the trade and service industry. Total retail sales of goods and service revenue are estimated at over 29,026 billion VND, an increase of 12.28%; Of which retail revenue of goods was over 24,853 billion VND, accounting for 85.6%, an increase of 11.3%; Accommodation and food services were over VND 2,866 billion, an increase of 19.5%.
Industry grew at a relative speed. The city has implemented many high-value construction projects that have contributed to increasing the production value of the construction industry, with a production value of over 3,763 billion VND, an increase of 8.8%. For industry, the production value is over 6,862 billion VND. The main products are: Frozen shrimp, up 5.5%; dry cashews, up 31%; standard refined sugar, up 41.24%; Aloe vera jelly production, increased by 7.5%. In the city, there are Thap Cham Industrial Cluster and Thanh Hai Industrial Park.
The agriculture and fisheries sector accounts for 8 - 10% of the economic structure[9]
In agriculture, rice and grapes are the two main crops grown in this locality. The city's rice production has an annual output of more than 30,000 tons. Phan Rang specialty grapes are known for their high quality, used mainly for wine production.
With a 10-km-long coastline, Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm's seafood industry plays an important role in the local economy. Seafood such as fish, shrimp, scallops, and squid are exploited and farmed. Among them, industrial shrimp farming is a strongly developing industry.
Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city has become a center for the maintenance of Cham culture. Much of the city is occupied byCham people where they have rice paddies, orchards of grapes and peaches, flocks of goats andBrahman cattle. Their towers (the 'Thap') are beautiful memorials to their kings and queens. There are several Cham sites with dilapidated towers along the central coast of Vietnam and major sites inMỹ Sơn andNha Trang.
However, there are two sites in the Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm being maintained and culturally active. Two kilometers west of theTháp Chàm Railway Station, there is excellent hilltop Cham tower complex dedicated to the kingPo Klong Garai, the last reigning king; his likeness is depicted on alingam in the sanctuary of the central tower. A second tower for the kingPo Rome is located about 20 km south west of Tháp Chàm, via Phu Quy to Phuoc Huu and the village Hau Sanh; this tower is undergoing extensive renovation (July 2012).
The towers are currently used for the very colorful Cham festivals, particularly "Kate festival" in October (15 Oct in 2012) when they still sacrifice a bullock and other food offerings. Other ceremonies forRamadan, a Rain Festival (as required), weddings and other celebrations are also held. Apart from the incorporation of Islam into their cultural and religious practice, another point of cultural difference is that their heredity line is maternal. The animist foundation of Cham culture, with fire motif on the towers, rustic traditions and very colorful ceremonial dress makes the Cham culture an ideal tourist resource for Vietnam, as yet poorly developed.
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Architecturally, the towers are intricately built in small red bricks, almost dry stone construction with very fine mortar lines. The towers are topped by calyx like minarets, arches are rimmed by special bricks fired with tongue like extensions on the extremities to represent flames; it is very intricate brick work requiring sophisticated engineering to deal with the overhang.
Associated with the Po Klong Garai complex there is a cultural center, more functionally built with concrete, bricks, mortar and render, but at least with some of the line of the Cham architecture and housing a display of cultural and handi-works, and excellent photographs and paintings by Cham artists.
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Ninh Thuan Stadium, also known asPhan Rang Stadium, is amulti-purpose stadium located near Phủ Hà roundabout,Phước Mỹ ward. The stadium has a capacity of 16,000 spectators. This is also the home stadium ofNinh Thuan Football Club in 2012.
Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm is located at the junction of National Routes1A and 27; the former connects the city toHanoi towards the north andHo Chi Minh City to the south-west, while the latter crosses into theCentral Highlands towardsBuôn Ma Thuột.[11]
The city is connected to theNorth–South Railway atTháp Chàm Railway Station; express passenger trains (SE1/2, SE5/6) stop regularly at the station.[12] Getting to or from the Tháp Chàm Station 21 Thang 8 connects Tháp Chàm to Phan Rang. Local buses go west (7 km ride) to Phan Rang bus terminal, near the Phan Rang market. The Phan Rang terminal is the hub for local and distance buses. Local buses go to Phu Quy and Phuoc Huu (12 km) for the Po Rome tower or the beach resorts (5 km). Taking the opposite direction (west) on 21 Thang 8, 1 km gets to the Po Klong Garai towers and cultural center. Mini-buses to Da Lat (2.5hr. trip) pick up passengers from a Tháp Chàm booking office on 21 Thang 8 between the intersection and railway crossing, however, passengers can more reliably get seats at the Phan Rang terminus.
The station once served as a terminus for theĐà Lạt–Tháp Chàm Railway, arack railway which opened in 1932. The railway was abandoned during theVietnam War and dismantled after theNorth Vietnamese victory in 1975, to provide materials for the restoration of the heavily damaged north–south line.[13] A proposed renewal project, backed by provincial and local governments, aims to restore the entire Đà Lạt–Tháp Chàm railway to handle both passenger and cargo transportation.[14]
In the city, there are 155 educational institutions from preschool to lower secondary school level.[15] There are 7 high schools.
11°34′N108°59′E / 11.567°N 108.983°E /11.567; 108.983
Districts of theSouth Central Coast of Vietnam | ||
|---|---|---|
| Da Nang city |  | |
| Bình Định province | ||
| Bình Thuận province | ||
| Khánh Hòa province | ||
| Ninh Thuận province | ||
| Phú Yên province | ||
| Quảng Nam province | ||
| Quảng Ngãi province | ||
※ denotes provincial seat. /§ Sovereignty over the Hoàng Sa and Trường Sa archipelagoes is disputed as of 22 March 2025. | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
