Peter Mikhailovich Kaptzevich | |
|---|---|
 Portrait byGeorge Dawe | |
| Born | 1772 (1772) |
| Died | 3 July 1840 (1840-07-04) (aged 67) |
| Allegiance |  Russian Empire |
| Branch | Infantry |
| Rank | General of the Artillery |
| Commands | 7th Infantry Division 10th Army Corps Separate Siberian Corps Separate Corps of Internal Guard |
| Battles / wars | See list |
| Awards | Order of Saint Vladimir[2] Order of Saint George[2] Golden Weapon for Bravery[3] Order of St. Alexander Nevsky[2] Order of the Red Eagle[2] Order of the Sword[2] |
Peter Mikhailovich Kaptzevich (Russian:Пётр Михайлович Капцевич; 1772 – 3 July 1840) was a Russian general who participated in theNapoleonic Wars. He took part in the battles ofSmolensk,Maloyaroslavets,Leipzig, and others. He led a Russian infantry corps during the1814 Campaign in France. He was also the governor-general ofWestern Siberia from 1822 to 1827.
Peter Kaptzevich was born inPereiaslav to aUkrainian[3] orBelarusian[4] noble family in 1772. He received an education at the Second Cadet Corps of Emperor Peter the Great, graduating in 1792.[1]
Kaptzevich he began serving in theGatchina forces in 1792, being promoted toColonel in 1797 and toMajor General in December of that same year. 2 years later he was promoted toLieutenant General. From 1803 to 1810 he served in theCaucasus. Kaptzevich participated in theBattle of Khankala in 1807, for which he was awarded theOrder of Saint Vladimir, 3rd Class. In 1810 he was appointed commander of the7th Infantry Division.[5]
In 1812, Kaptzevich led the division at theBattle of Smolensk, for which he was awarded theOrder of Saint Vladimir, 2nd class.[3] During theBattle of Borodino he commanded the 8th corps in place of GeneralDmitry Dokhturov and was awarded theOrder of St. George, 3rd class. During theretreat from Moscow, while engaged in various rearguard actions, he commanded the cavalry that was in the rearguard while holding off French forces. He took part in theBattle of Tarutino on the 18th of October. He was awarded with theGolden Weapon for Bravery for his actions during theBattle of Maloyaroslavets.[3] He took part in theBattle of Krasnoi in November.[5] After being promoted to command the10th Army Corps in early 1813,[4] he participated in theBattle of Katzbach.[3] During theBattle of Goldberg, Kaptzevich captured 2,000 French soldiers.[2] For all the battles inSilesia he was awarded theOrder of St. Alexander Nevsky, the PrussianOrder of the Red Eagle, 1st Class, and the SwedishOrder of the Sword, 2nd Class. Kaptzevich was badly wounded in theBattle of Leipzig in his left thigh, for his actions during the battle he was awarded the 2nd Class of theOrder of Saint George. In 1814, he participated in the battles ofVauchamps,Gué-à-Tresmes,Laon andParis.[2] He also took part in theHundred Days war of 1815, after which he retired.[1]
In 1819, Kaptzevich came out of retirement and was appointed commander of the Separate Siberian Corps, and in 1822 he was appointed governor-general ofWestern Siberia. In 1823 he was promoted toGeneral of the Infantry. Kaptzevich introduced public arable farming and public mills: the harvest collected by the Cossacks was distributed among them, the surplus was sold, and the proceeds went to maintaining their households and buying equipment. He created two external districts with centers inKokshetau andKarkaraly, which includedvolosts that unitedKazakhauls that voluntarily accepted the new system of government proposed by him. This significantly strengthened the position of theRussian Empire inCentral Asia. He remained governor of Western Siberia until 1827.[1] From September 29, 1828, he commanded the Separate Corps of Internal Guard. During his 12 years of commanding the corps, Kaptzevich managed to significantly raise the quality level of the internal guard personnel, mainly due to young recruits who were enrolled in garrison battalions. In 1835 he was given the rank ofGeneral of the Artillery.[1] He died on July 3 (15), 1840 and was buried in the village of Nikolskoye,Sakmarsky District,Orenburg Oblast, next to the church.[5]
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