Peter Barbour | |
|---|---|
| 3rd Director-General of Security | |
| In office 22 January 1970 – 28 September 1975 | |
| Prime Minister | John Gorton William McMahon Gough Whitlam |
| Preceded by | Sir Charles Spry |
| Succeeded by | Frank Mahony |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1925-10-05)5 October 1925 Geelong, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 7 November 1996(1996-11-07) (aged 71) Stirling, Australian Capital Territory, Australia |
| Spouse | |
| Alma mater | University of Melbourne |
| Occupation | Intelligence officer |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Australia |
| Branch/service | Australian Army |
| Years of service | 1944–1946 |
| Rank | Sergeant |
Peter Robert Woolnough Barbour (5 October 1925 – 7 November 1996)[1] was an Australianintelligence officer and diplomat. He was also theDirector-General of Security leading theAustralian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) from 1970 to 1975.
Barbour was born inGeelong, Victoria into a family of educators. He was schooled atScotch College, Adelaide andGeelong Church of England Grammar School.[2][3] His father was warden of theUniversity of Melbourne Union, and Barbour commenced in residence atTrinity College, Melbourne in 1947, while undertaking studies in Latin and German at theUniversity of Melbourne before joining theAustralian Army duringWorld War II.[4] Following his army service, he returned to Melbourne University to study a Master of Arts in German, but was recruited into ASIO in April 1951 before he completed the degree.[5]
Barbour's early work at ASIO saw him posted to the Netherlands and Italy as an immigration official, to prevent Communists migrating to Australia. In 1959, he was posted to ASIO's Canberra office as head of counterespionage. His role in entrapping the Soviet diplomat and KGB agent Ivan Skripov[6] gave a boost to his career, and he became head of the Canberra office in 1964, Deputy Director-General in 1965 and in 1970 was promoted to Director-General.[5] Barbour is the only Director-General of ASIO to have been appointed from within the organisation.[7]
At the time of Barbour's appointment, ASIO was seen by many Australians as politically compromised, and had been passing information to the Menzies government regarding suspected Communists and Soviet agents associated with theAustralian Labor Party. The day after the election of Labor'sGough Whitlam as Prime Minister in 1972, Whitlam's soon-to-be appointedAttorney-GeneralLionel Murphy (ASIO's responsible minister), met with Barbour to inform him in no uncertain terms that the agency's days of autonomy and lack of ministerial and parliamentary oversight were over.[8] The ensuing strained relationship between theWhitlam government and ASIO culminated whenMurphy raided its Melbourne headquarters on 15 March 1973. Barbour was dismissed by Whitlam on the 17 September 1975. the Whitlam government announced that Barbour was to be posted to the United States as Australian Consul-General in New York. In 1978, he took a consular role in Los Angeles, and from 1981 to 1984 he was appointed Australia's Ambassador to Venezuela.[9]
The reasons for Barbour's sudden dismissal by Whitlam were never officially explained. Confidential documents released by the National Archives in 2008 revealed that Barbour's dismissal was by bipartisan agreement between Whitlam and Opposition LeaderMalcolm Fraser, and had been recommended by JusticeRobert Hope as part of theHope Royal Commission into the intelligence services. In a record written by Barbour he said thatWhitlam pointed that "morale in the Organisation [ASIO] was poor and that there were unsatisfactory administrative aspects", Whitlam also pointed to Barbour's relationship with his secretary "who had accompanied [him] on a recent overseas trip".[10] Barbour's successor,Edward Woodward, wrote in his memoirs that Barbour's sacking had followed a lengthy overseas trip with his "beautiful Eurasian secretary" to ostensibly review overseas intelligence agencies, but for which Barbour had failed to produce any reports, suggestions or information of benefit to the agency.[11]
Barbour married Penelope Elizabeth Nuttall on 10 March 1951 at the Trinity College Chapel.[12]
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Director-General of Security 1970–1975 | Succeeded by |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by | Australian Consul-General in New York 1975–1978 | Succeeded by |
| Vacant Title last held by Harold Marshall | Australian Consul-General in Los Angeles 1978–1981 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Alan Brown | Australian Ambassador to Venezuela 1981–1984 | Succeeded by Richard Starr |
