ThePersian Gulf Pro League (Persian:لیگ برتر خلیج فارس,Lig-e Bartar-e Xalij-e Fârs), formerly known as theIran Pro League (Persian:لیگ برتر ایران,Lig-e bartar-e Irân), is a professionalassociation football league inIran and the highest level of theIranian football league system. It is controlled by theFFIRI and is contested by 16 teams over a 30-matchday period.
Since 2013, the league comprises 16 teams. The winner of the Persian Gulf Pro League along with theHazfi Cup champion automatically qualify for theAFC Champions League Elite group stages. The third of the Persian Gulf Pro League is qualified for the AFC Champions League Elite Play-off round. The bottom two teams in the league are relegated to Azadegan League. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.
At the turn of the millennium, theIranian Football Federation decided to create a new professional football league. In 2001, theIran Pro League was founded as the new top-level football league in Iran.[1] After the Iran Pro League was established as the professional football league of Iran, the Azadegan League was declared as the second-highest league in theIranian football league system.[1] The Iran Pro League comprised 14 clubs until the2003–04 season.
The first winner of the Iran Pro League wasPersepolis, who beatEsteghlal by one point on the final match day.Esteghlal Rasht andEast Azerbaijan's clubTractor had been relegated to the Azadegan League. Tractor took eight years to return to Iran's highest division
The runner-up of the 2002–03 season,PAS Tehran, became the Iranian football champion of the2003–04 Iran Pro League. It was the last Iranian championship for PAS Tehran. PAS Tehran's professional football team was dissolved in 2007.
On 12 August 2006, theIranian Football Federation decided to give the league another name.[2] Since then, the league had been primarily known in Iran asPersian Gulf Cup (PGC). The Football Federation decided this to promote the Persian naming. The name of thePersian Gulf has been disputed by some Arab countries since the 1960s due to political and ethnic differences between Iran and Arab countries. The football Federation decided also to change the logo of the league. The final logo was selected from over 130 designs and unveiled on 14 November 2006.[3]Saipa won the2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup. Until 2007, six different teams won the league title successively. A foreign player became the league's top goal scorer. Nigerian strikerDaniel Olerum scored 17 goals in 27 matches forAboomoslem. The winner of only two seasons before,Foolad, had to relegated toAzadegan League.
Before the start of the2007–08 season the number of teams was increased from 16 to 18 teams. The professional football team ofPAS Tehran was also dissolved before the start of the season. Instead of PAS Tehran a new club was founded inHamadan and namedPAS Hamedan. In 2008,Saba Battery was also moved from Tehran toQom. Since then, the club is known asSaba Qom. The championship of the 2007–08 season was decided on the last matchday.Persepolis defeatedSepahan.Sanat Naft andShirin Faraz (today known asRahian Kermanshah) relegated toAzadegan League. The nextseason was dominated byEsteghlal and the two surprising teamsZob Ahan andMes Kerman. Zob Ahan was the leading team after 75 minutes on matchday 34, before they lost their match againstFoolad due to three conceded goals in the last 15 minutes with 1–4. Payam Mashhad had to relegated alongsideBargh Shiraz andDamash.
The League was scaled down from 18 to 16 teams before the beginning of the next season.Foolad won the2013–14 Persian Gulf Cup. Foolad saved their championship after they defeatedGostaresh Foulad away .
Esteghlal Khuzestan celebrate their championship in 2016.
The league changed its name fromPersian Gulf Cup toPersian Gulf Pro League in 2014. TheIranian Football Federation decided also to change the logos of the Persian Gulf Pro League and of theAzadegan League. The2014–15 Persian Gulf Pro League was embossed by a championship battle betweenSepahan,Tractor andNaft Tehran. Furthermore, there were strange events in the stadium, including a lot of misinformation and disturbed telecommunication. Although Sepahan secured their title with a 2–0 victory over Saipa, thousands of Tractor supporters celebrated on the pitch, believing that they won the league for the first time in club's history.[4][5]
Also the2015–16 Persian Gulf Pro League was not decided until the last matchday.Esteghlal Khuzestan won the league in front ofPersepolis andEsteghlal.[6] Persepolis missed their opportunity winning the league after eight years. However, Persepolis dominated the next season and won the2016–17 Persian Gulf Pro League.[7] Persepolis football team claimed the Iran Professional League (IPL) and repeated the title in 2017-18 Season. The Following Season Persepolis again were champion for three times in a row.
In the past, the number of teams was changed at various times. Since 2013, the league comprises 16 teams. Over the course of a season, which runs annually from July to the following May, each team plays twice against the others in the league, once at home and once away, resulting in each team competing in 30 games in total. Three points are awarded for a win, one for a draw and zero for a loss. The teams are ranked in the league table by points gained, then goal difference, then goals scored and then their head-to-head record for that season.
At the end of the season, the club with the most points becomes theIranian champion. Currently, the Champions, the Runners Up and theHazfi Cup champions qualify automatically for the group phase of theAFC Champions League, while the third-place team enters the AFC Champions League at the Play-off round. The bottom two teams are relegated toAzadegan League. Furthermore, all teams in the Persian Gulf Pro League can participate in theHazfi Cup.
Notes: Matches with spectator bans are not included in average attendances. The official game reports can be found under the match schedule on iranleague.ir. The viewer numbers are noted in these. This results in average attendance.
After the1979 revolution, the right to broadcast the Iranian leagues was exclusively given toIRIB. The organization broadcast matches throughout the decades in SD240p and below, drawing criticism from the sports media.[29] It was announced in 2024 that the image quality will be upgraded to HD in the coming years.[30]
The league championship trophy is made up of two parts, the main part is shiny Chrome and the smaller part shiny golden in color. The sides of the trophy are taken from the armour of two PersianAchaemenid soldiers. This trophy also has references to the Persian Gulf.[31] Every season, a new copy of this trophy, which takes about one and a half months to make, is made by artisans to be presented to the champions. Medals are also distributed. The medals and the championship trophy are made ofbrass metal, the medals and the championship trophy are bothgold plated.[32]