Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases is one of the seven categories ofperiodontitis as defined by theAmerican Academy of Periodontology 1999 classification system and is one of the three classifications of periodontal diseases and conditions within the 2017 classification.[1][2] At least 16 systemic diseases have been linked to periodontitis. These systemic diseases are associated with periodontal disease because they generally contribute to either a decreased host resistance to infections or dysfunction in theconnective tissue of thegums, increasing patient susceptibility to inflammation-induced destruction.[1] Thesesecondary periodontalinflammations should not be confused with other conditions in which anepidemiological association with periodontitis was revealed, but no causative connection was proved yet. Such conditions arecoronary heart diseases,[3]cerebrovascular diseases[4] anderectile dysfunction.[5]
Recent evidence suggests that, similar to diabetes mellitus, individuals withimpaired fasting glucose have higher degree of periodontal inflammation.[6]
For those patients with periodontitis as a manifestation of hematologic disorders, coordination with the patient's physician is instrumental in planning periodontal treatment. Therapy should be avoided during periods of exacerbation of the malignancy or during active phases of chemotherapy, and antimicrobial therapy might be considered when urgent treatment must be performed when granulocyte counts are low.[7]
^Khader YS, Albashaireh ZS, Alomari MA (August 2004). "Periodontal diseases and the risk of coronary heart and cerebrovascular diseases: a meta-analysis".J Periodontol.75 (8):1046–53.doi:10.1902/jop.2004.75.8.1046.PMID15455730.
^Zadik Y, Bechor R, Galor S, Justo D, Heruti RJ (April 2009). "Erectile dysfunction might be associated with chronic periodontal disease: two ends of the cardiovascular spectrum".J Sex Med.6 (4):1111–6.doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01141.x.PMID19170861.S2CID3421903.
