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| Established | 1999 |
|---|---|
| Type | Research institute |
| Location | |
Director | Marcela Carena |
| Website | www.perimeterinstitute.ca www.pitp.ca |
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (PI,Perimeter,PITP) is an independent research centre in foundationaltheoretical physics located inWaterloo,Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1999.[1] The institute's founding and major benefactor is Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropistMike Lazaridis.[2]
The original building, designed by Saucier + Perrotte,[3] opened in 2004[4] and was awarded aGovernor General's Medal for Architecture in 2006.[5] The Stephen Hawking Centre, designed byTeeple Architects, was opened in 2011[6] and was LEED Silver certified in 2015.[7]
In addition to research, Perimeter also provides scientific training and educational outreach activities to the general public. This is done in part through Perimeter's Educational Outreach team.[8]
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In 1999,Howard Burton—who had a PhD in theoretical physics from theUniversity of Waterloo—emailedMike Lazaridis along with 20 CEOs in an attempt to leave hisWall Street job.[9]: 118 Lazaridis then pitched the idea of the Perimeter Institute to Burton as he wanted to use hisBlackBerry wealth for a philanthropic endeavour.[9]: 118 Lazaridis' initial donation of $100 million was announced on October 23, 2000, believed to be the biggest private donation in Canadian history to that point.[10]Jim Balsille andDoug Fregin each donated $10 million.[9]: 119 The city of Waterloo offered four sites of land for free; Lazaridis chose the former site of theWaterloo Memorial Arena (near Uptown Waterloo).[9]: 120
Research operations began in 2001, in a temporary site in a nearby post office.[9]: 120 Burton became the Institute's founding director.[9]: 116 The permanent building's construction finished in 2004.[9]: 120 The Ontario budget, announced in March 2006, included a commitment to provide $50 million in funding to PI from theMinistry of Research and Innovation.
In May 2008, Dr.Neil Turok, a cosmologist, was appointed as Perimeter Institute's second director replacing Howard Burton.[11] Lazaridis donated a subsequent $50 million on June 4, 2008.[12] In November 2008, it was announced that physicistStephen Hawking would take the position of Distinguished Visiting Research Chair, a visiting position, at the institute.[13][14]
Designed byTeeple Architects, a new 5,000 m2 (55,000 sq ft) expansion, theStephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute, was completed in September 2011.[15] The centre's grand opening was in September 2011 and included a video greeting from Hawking, who rarely traveled due to disability.[16] This was the first-ever Gold Seal-managed project in Ontario, it attainedLEED Silver certification in 2015.[17][18]
On February 28, 2019, Dr.Robert Myers was appointed as the third director of the Perimeter Institute. On Nov 4, 2024,Marcela Carena was announced as the fourth director.[19]
The Institute was designed by Montréal-based architectural firmSaucier + Perrotte.[20] A concrete stairwell in the building's atrium was designed by Blackwell Engineers.[20] The Institute's front aluminum wall is black with small windows to represent ablackboard.[9]: 117 There are wooden fireplaces and blackboards throughout the building.[9]: 117 Writing forThe Globe and Mail, architecture critic Lisa Rochon praised the Institute's "seamless connections" between the building's interior and exterior and said the building is about "the flow of light and the directions we can take".[20] Rochon described the building asmodernism, and citedTadao Ando as an influence.[20]
Perimeter's research encompasses nine fields:[21]
An extensive, up-to-date archive of the institute's varied research activities is readily available to the public via the internet. The Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA),[22] is a permanent, free, searchable, and citable archive of recorded seminars, conferences, workshops and outreach events. Seminars with video and timed presentation materials can be accessed on-demand in Windows and Flash formats together with MP3 audio files and PDFs of the supporting materials. The PIRSA project is enlarged by the creation of SciVideos (See below).
After more than 13,000 talks uploaded to PIRSA, Perimeter Institute created in 2020 a new public video archive calledSciVideos[23] with the support of theSimons Foundations. It is ameta-repository search tool of scientific talks beyond what is produced at PI and aims to "revolutionize the world of scholarly communication in the way that thearXiv has done for print scientific papers".[24] Apart from PIRSA's existing content, SciVideos indexes videos from other institutions, such asCERN,Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing,ICTP andICTP-SAIFR.[25] As ameta-repository, SciVideos only stores metadata and links related to the videos, which are stored in other databases.
Perimeter's educational outreach team's activities include a monthly public lecture series, a two-week summer camp for the world's top science students, a series of in-class resources, week-long professional development workshops for science teachers, cultural activities with local and international artists, an online archive of educational resources, an extensive network of science teachers to share content across Canada, and many other special events and science festivals contributing tophysics outreach.[26][27] Perimeter Institute operates an international outreach program.
The annual EinsteinPlus[28] summer school for high school physics teachers is held for one week each summer. The International Summer School for Young Physicists (ISSYP) is a physics camp for high school students.[29][30] It brings approximately 20 Canadian students and 20 International students aged 16 – 18 to Perimeter for two weeks each year.[31]
Perimeter Institute has welcomed a number of very prominent scientists to deliver lectures on a wide variety of subjects.[32] Lecturers have included:Freeman Dyson,Gerard ‘t Hooft,Jay Ingram,Seth Lloyd,Jay Melosh,Sir Roger Penrose,Michael Peskin,Leonard Susskind,Frank Wilczek andAnton Zeilinger.[33]
This festival connected technological innovations to the scientific breakthroughs that make them possible. The festival, held September 30 to October 6, 2013, featured science-centre styled exhibits, special presentations, public lectures, Science in the Club events and insider-tours of the Perimeter Institute. Webcast Public Lectures featured James Grime,Ray Laflamme andLucy Hawking.[34]
Held in October, 2009, the Quantum to Cosmos: Ideas for the Future festival (Q2C Festival) was ascience outreach event held inCanada. The festival included events and activities spanning: lectures, panel discussions, pub talks, cultural activities, a PI documentary premiere (The Quantum Tamers: Revealing Our Weird and Wired Future),sci-fi film festival, an art exhibit and the hugely popular Physica Phantastica exhibit centre, a 460-square-metre (5,000 sq ft) space filled with demonstrations, hands-on activities, experiments and an immersive 3D tour of theuniverse narrated byStephen Hawking.[35]
The Q2C Festival attracted some 40,000 attendees (including over 6,000 in the secondary school program that brought students fromOntario andNew York State and nearly one million viewers – and counting – through online streaming, video-on-demand services and special television broadcasts. Special editions ofTVO’s “The Agenda with Steve Paikin", filmed live in PI's Atrium inWaterloo attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers from across Canada with just five broadcasts.[36]
In partnership with theUniversity of Waterloo, PI conducts Perimeter Scholars International (PSI),[37] a master's level course in theoretical physics.[38] The 10-month course was inaugurated in August 2009, and admits around 30 scholars per year. Students admitted (on average 3% of all applicants[citation needed]) receive full scholarships and living expenses. The master's degree itself is issued by theUniversity of Waterloo.[39][40][41]
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics also hosts PhD students wishing to pursue full-time graduate studies under the supervision of a PI faculty member. PhD students receive their doctoral degrees from a university partner, such as the University of Waterloo.
Perimeter Institute offers a number of planned courses each year, including cross-listed programs with universities and mini-courses given by PI faculty, associate faculty and visiting researchers. The courses are made available to all students enrolled in surrounding universities. The popular courses are attended by students fromUniversity of Waterloo,University of Western Ontario,McMaster University,University of Guelph,University of Toronto,York University, and other centres.
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