| Disputed island | |
|---|---|
 View of Perejil Island from the Moroccan coast with the European shore of Spain on the horizon | |
 | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Strait of Gibraltar |
| Coordinates | 35°54′50″N5°25′08″W / 35.91389°N 5.41889°W /35.91389; -5.41889 |
| Total islands | 1 |
| Area | 15 ha (37 acres) |
| Highest point | 74 metres (243 ft) |
| Administration | |
| Claimed by | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | Uninhabited |
Perejil Island,[note 1] also known asParsley Island, is a small, uninhabited rockyislet located 200 metres (660 ft) off the coast ofMorocco. It is administered bySpain as one of theplazas de soberanía, and its sovereignty is disputed by Morocco. It was the subject of anarmed incident between the two countries in 2002.
The nameIsla de Perejil literally means "Parsley Island" in Spanish.[1] Its originalBerber name is Tura, meaning "empty".[2] It is sometimes referred to in Arabic as "Jazirat al-Ma'danus" (Arabic:جزيرة المعدنوس), which is a translation of "Parsley Island".[3]
In Moroccan historical references, it is only known as "Tura". In his speech to the Moroccan people commemorating the "Throne Day" on 30 July 2002, theKing of Morocco used the name "Tura" exclusively, when he mentioned the armed incident with Spain over the island.[4]
The island lies 250 metres (820 feet) off the coast ofMorocco, 3 kilometres (2 miles) from the border of the territory of the Spanish city ofCeuta, 8 km (5.0 miles) to Ceuta itself and 13.5 km (8.4 miles) from mainlandSpain. The island is about 480 by 480 metres (1,575 by 1,575 feet) in size, with an area of 15ha or 0.15 square kilometres (0.06 sq mi). It has a maximum height of 74 metres (243 feet)above sea level.
V. Bérnard identified Perejil with the mythical island ofOgygia where one of the daughters ofAtlas,Calypso, detainedOdysseus for seven years, according to the myth.[5]
In 1415,Portugal, along with the reconquest ofCeuta (Part of the old Hispania Tangeriana), took possession of the nearby islet from theMarinid Sultanate, a predecessor to the current state of Morocco.[6] In 1580, Portugal came under the sovereignty ofPhilip I of Portugal, who was also King of Spain, creating anIberian Union under one king, without unifying the countries. When the Union split in 1640, Ceuta remained under Spanish sovereignty.
The islet's sovereignty is disputed byMorocco andSpain. Local Moroccan shepherds used it for grazing livestock, but the vast majority of Spaniards and Moroccans had not heard of the islet until 11 July 2002, when a group of Moroccan soldiers set up a base on the islet. The Moroccan government said that they set foot on the island in order to monitorillegal immigration, a justification the Spanish government rejected as there had been little co-operation on the matter at the time (a repeated source of complaint from Spain). After protests from the Spanish government, led by Prime MinisterJosé María Aznar, Morocco replaced the soldiers with cadets from the Moroccan Navy, who then installed a fixed base on the island. This further angered the Spanish government and both countries restated their claims to the islet.
On the morning of 18 July 2002, Spain launchedOperation Romeo-Sierra, a military attempt to take over the island. The operation was successful, and within hours the Spanish had taken control of the island and custody of the Moroccan naval cadets, who had not resisted the Spanish commando attack force,Grupo de Operaciones Especiales III. The operation was launched in conjunction with theSpanish Navy andSpanish Air Force. The Spanish transferred the captured Moroccans by helicopter to the headquarters of theGuardia Civil in Ceuta, who then transported the cadets to the Moroccan border. Over the course of the day, theSpanish Legion replaced the commandos and remained on the island until Morocco, after mediation by theUnited States, led byColin Powell,[7] agreed to return to thestatus quo ante which existed prior to the Moroccan occupation of the island. The islet is now deserted.
Perejil Island has no permanent human population.Goats are pastured there, and the Moroccan government expressed worries thatsmugglers andterrorists, in addition to illegal immigrants, were using the island. The island is well monitored from both sides in order to maintain the status quo that leaves it deserted and virtually ano man's land.
Morocco wants to control the Spanish citiesCeuta andMelilla along with severalsmall rocks and islets off the coast of Morocco. The crisis over Perejil Island was seen by the Spanish government as a way for Morocco to test the waters in regard to Spain's will to defend Ceuta and Melilla.[8]
In June 2014, Spain requested that the Moroccan forces enter the island to expel sub-Saharan migrants.[9]
The international incident is recounted in a 2016 film,La Isla, which is largely based on the facts of the dispute.[10][better source needed]
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
