The existence of Pakistan as anIslamic state since the1956 constitution has led to the large-scale injection ofIslam into most aspects of Pakistani culture and everyday life, which has accordingly impacted the historical values and traditions of theMuslim-majority population. Marriages and other major events are significantly impacted by regional differences in culture but generally followIslamic jurisprudence where required. The national dress of Pakistan is theshalwar kameez, aunisex garment widely-worn,[42][43] andnational dress,[44] of Pakistan. When women wear the shalwar-kameez in some regions, they usually wear a long scarf or shawl called adupatta around the head or neck.[45] The dupatta is also employed as a form of modesty—although it is made of delicate material, it obscures the upper body's contours by passing over the shoulders. For Muslim women, the dupatta is a less stringent alternative to thechador orburqa.
Urdu, orLashkari (لشکری ),[46] anIndo-Aryan language, is thelingua franca of Pakistan, and while it shares official status withEnglish, it is the preferred and dominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups. It is not believed to be a language affiliated with any ethnicity and its speakers come from various backgrounds.[47][48] Although Indo-Aryan in classification, its exact origins as a language are disputed by scholars.[49] However, despite serving as the country's lingua franca, most Pakistanis speak their ethnic languages and the lingua franca as second. Numerous regional and provincial languages are spoken as native languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups, with thePunjabi language having a national plurality as the first language of approximately 45 per cent of the total population. Languages with more than a million speakers each includePashto,Sindhi,Saraiki,Balochi,Brahui, andHindko. ThePakistani dialect of English is also widely spoken throughout the country, albeit mostly in urban centres such asIslamabad andKarachi.
^"Pakistan - People | Britannica".britannica.com. Retrieved13 April 2023.With the exception of this educated elite, English is spoken fluently by only a small percentage of the population.
^Marsden, Magnus (2005).Living Islam: Muslim Religious Experience in Pakistan's North-West Frontier. Cambridge University Press. p. 37.ISBN978-1-139-44837-6.The village's men and boys largely dress in sombre colours in the loose trousers and long shirt (shalwar kameez) worn across Pakistan. Older men often wear woollen Chitrali caps (pakol), waistcoats and long coats (chugha), made by Chitrali tailors (darzi) who skills are renowned across Pakistan.
^Rait, Satwant Kaur (14 April 2005).Sikh Women In England: Religious, Social and Cultural Beliefs. Trent and Sterling: Trentham Book. p. 68.ISBN978-1-85856-353-4.
^Singh, Shashank, and Shailendra Singh. "Systematic review of spell-checkers for highly inflectional languages". Artificial Intelligence Review 53 (2020): 4051-4092.
^"Year Book 2017-18"(PDF). Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 29 August 2019. Retrieved18 March 2020.
Abbasi, Nadia Mushtaq. "The Pakistani diaspora in Europe and its impact on democracy building in Pakistan".International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (2010).
Awan, Shehzadi Zamurrad. "Relevance of Education for Women's Empowerment in Punjab, Pakistan".Journal of International Women's Studies 18.1 (2016): 208+online
Bolognani, Marta, and Stephen Lyon, eds.Pakistan and its diaspora: multidisciplinary approaches (Springer, 2011).
Eglar, Zekiya.A Punjabi Village in Pakistan: Perspectives on Community, Land, and Economy (Oxford UP, 2010).
Vasil'ev, I. B., P. F. Kuznetsov, and A. P. Semenova. "Potapovo Burial Ground of the Indo-Iranic Tribes on the Volga" (1994).
Ahsan, Aitzaz.The Indus Saga. Roli Books Private Limited, 2005.
Mehdi, S. Q., et al. "The origins of Pakistani populations".Genomic Diversity. Springer, Boston, MA, 1999. 83–90.
Balanovsky, Oleg, et al. "Deep phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup G1 provides estimates of SNP and STR mutation rates on the human Y-chromosome and reveals migrations of Iranic speakers".PLoS One 10.4 (2015): e0122968.
Allchin, F. R. "Archeological and Language-Historical Evidence for the Movement of Indo-Aryan Speaking Peoples into South Asia".NARTAMONGÆ (1981): 65.
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
England: 1,570,285 – 2.8% (2021)[5]
Scotland: 72,871 – 1.3% (2022)[6]
Wales: 17,534 – 0.6% (2021)[5]
United States
Canada
Oman
Kuwait
Germany
Italy
Qatar
Bahrain
Spain
Iraq
Australia
Malaysia
China
Norway
France
Japan
Hong Kong
Ireland
New Zealand
Switzerland
