Penglai 蓬莱区 | |
|---|---|
 Eight Immortals statue .jpg) City Park | |
 Location in Yantai | |
  Penglai Location in Shandong | |
| Coordinates:37°49′N120°44′E / 37.817°N 120.733°E /37.817; 120.733 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| Prefecture-level city | Yantai |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,197.1 km2 (462.2 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 410,000 |
| • Density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 265600 |
| Area code | 0535 |
| Website | penglai |
| Penglai | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 蓬莱 | ||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 蓬萊 | ||||||||||||
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| Former names | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dengzhou | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 登州 | ||||||||||||
| Postal | Tengchow | ||||||||||||
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Penglai, formerly known asDengzhou orTengchow,[a] is adistrict ofYantai City,Shandong Peninsula in thePeople's Republic of China. It lies on the northwest corner of theShandong Peninsula on the southern coast of theGulf of Bohai. Penglai is famous for itsmirages out at sea, which are frequent during May and June. Formerly acounty-level city under Yantai's administration, Penglai became adistrict in 2020.
Penglai District is entirely surrounded by other divisions of Yantai:Fushan District is to the east,Longkou City to the west, andQixia City to the south. Its limits ingeographic coordinates are 37° 25'–37° 50' N, 120° 35'–121° 09' E.
Penglai District is located in the mid-latitude region of the northern hemisphere, with a continental climate in the warm temperate monsoon zone, annual average temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F), annual average daily maximum temperature of 17.1 °C (62.8 °F), annual average daily minimum temperature of 9.3 °C (48.7 °F), extreme minimum temperature of −15.0 °C (5.0 °F), annual average precipitation of 619.2 mm (24.38 in), annual average sunshine of 2,628.6 hours, frost-free period of 206 days on average, relative humidity 64%, average annual wind speed 5.2 m/s (17 ft/s), no floods, not affected by typhoons.
| Climate data for Penglai, elevation 61 m (200 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1958–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) | 20.9 (69.6) | 28.8 (83.8) | 34.8 (94.6) | 37.0 (98.6) | 40.9 (105.6) | 39.8 (103.6) | 41.8 (107.2) | 34.6 (94.3) | 31.2 (88.2) | 29.6 (85.3) | 19.0 (66.2) | 41.8 (107.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) | 4.6 (40.3) | 10.4 (50.7) | 17.8 (64.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 19.4 (66.9) | 11.8 (53.2) | 4.8 (40.6) | 17.1 (62.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) | 0.5 (32.9) | 5.5 (41.9) | 12.3 (54.1) | 18.3 (64.9) | 22.5 (72.5) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.3 (70.3) | 15.3 (59.5) | 8.0 (46.4) | 1.4 (34.5) | 12.9 (55.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) | −2.7 (27.1) | 1.6 (34.9) | 7.8 (46.0) | 13.7 (56.7) | 18.3 (64.9) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 4.7 (40.5) | −1.4 (29.5) | 9.3 (48.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.0 (6.8) | −15.1 (4.8) | −10.0 (14.0) | −5.0 (23.0) | 2.0 (35.6) | 9.3 (48.7) | 12.2 (54.0) | 14.0 (57.2) | 8.5 (47.3) | 1.2 (34.2) | −8.7 (16.3) | −12.3 (9.9) | −15.1 (4.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 8.9 (0.35) | 12.7 (0.50) | 14.4 (0.57) | 31.7 (1.25) | 54.5 (2.15) | 75.8 (2.98) | 150.5 (5.93) | 147.4 (5.80) | 52.7 (2.07) | 27.7 (1.09) | 28.0 (1.10) | 14.9 (0.59) | 619.2 (24.38) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 5.4 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 78.7 |
| Average snowy days | 8.9 | 5.1 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 8.6 | 27.7 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 61 | 59 | 54 | 53 | 57 | 67 | 77 | 80 | 70 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 64 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 172.5 | 182.5 | 241.0 | 253.7 | 278.9 | 259.5 | 230.4 | 235.3 | 231.0 | 220.4 | 171.8 | 151.6 | 2,628.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 56 | 59 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 59 | 52 | 56 | 63 | 64 | 57 | 51 | 59 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[3][4] | |||||||||||||
The Red Cliffs (丹崖) of the area are reputed to have been the site where theEight Immortals set out for theland of the immortals and whereEmperor Qin later allegedly sent off a thousand men and girls on ships to search for them. One legend claims that a mystic dolphin was seen from the cliffs above and, missing it with his spear, the emperor knew that his days were numbered.[citation needed] TheEmperor Wu ofHan (Hàn Wǔdì) later also visited the area while searching for theelixir of immortality.
The oldcity walls incorporateguard towers of three stories (rather than the usual two) because the uncle of the first emperor of the 6th-centurySui dynasty had beenprince of the area.[5] Under the Ming dynasty, the harbor was fortified and used by the war ships of the Imperial Chinese Navy.
Yantai city became one of the first ports open to all foreigners on theShandong Peninsula through Penglai in 1858.[1][6]Christianmissions were quickly established.[6] The harbor was found inadequate for the traders, however, andZhifu (now centralYantai) was developed 30 miles (48 km) away to function as Yantai city's port.[1]
In 2020,Changdao County, consisting of the Changdao Islands in the Bohai Strait, was merged into Penglai.[7]
As of July 2020, Penglai District has 6 streets, 8 towns and 6 townships: Dengzhou Sub-district, Zijingshan Sub-district, Xingang Sub-district, Penglaiguo Sub-district, Nanwang Sub-district, Nanchangshan Sub-district, Liujiagou Town, Chaoshui Town, Daliuxing Town, Xiaomenjia Town, Daxindian Town, Muriji Town, Beigou Town, Emery Town, North Changshan Township, Daqindao Township, Heihe Township, Xiaoqindao Township, Nanhuangcheng Township, Beihuangcheng Township, the district people's government is located in Penglai Economic Development Zone, No. 169 Jinchuang Road.[citation needed]
Penglai has been ranked by the Chinese government as a top domestic tourist destination.[8] Its Water Fortress (水城,Shuǐchéng), a fortified harbor, is one of China's oldest military ports. It was built under theMing in 1376[9] and housed a fleet ofwarjunks.[5] It is now a protected historical monument being renovated at a cost of 500mRMB (more than$60m).[citation needed] There is a plank walk along the cliffs nearby.
More than US$25 million has also been invested into developing thePenglai Pavilion and other sites.[citation needed] The Penglai Pavilion is a large park of ancient buildings, palaces and temples, that have been restored and rebuilt. It has been a tourist goal for more than a thousand years, and the site features inscriptions from famous poets and calligraphers likeSu Shi andDong Qichang. Among other cultural attractions of Penglai are the Naval Museum with exhibits of ancient ships and the restored residence of the famous patriotic generalQi Jiguang. Penglai also has the largest ocean aquarium in Asia. It includes a polar area, a shark hall, a tropical rainforest, and a theater with mermaids, dolphins and sea lions.[10] A picturesque festival takes place in January for the birthday ofTianhou, a local sea goddess.
While tourism is the mainstay of Penglai's economy, bringing more than two million tourists annually,[citation needed] in fact the entire center of the town around the harbour was walled off and completely razed in 2006.[11]
The production of wine is the second largest industry in the province. Agriculture is first. However, in Penglai,tourism is the primary industry, and wine-making is second. The hills south of Penglai have an average elevation of 200 metres (660 ft), while thecoastal areas are relatively flat. Most of the soil is loose, well-aerated, and rich in minerals and organic matters that enable full development of the root systems. The wineries are located mainly in the Nanwang Grape Valley and along the Yan-Peng Sightseeing Highway. The main varieties grown there, likeCabernet Sauvignon,Cabernet Gernischt,Merlot,Riesling andChardonnay, are all reaching 20 years of age, considered to be the golden stage for these grapes. Most of them maintain an averagesugar content of above 20%. The Cabernet is especially typical, with good color and a densefragrance.
| National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities inShandong Province |
| Qufu |Jinan |Qingdao |Liaocheng |Zoucheng |Linzi |Tai'an |Yantai |Penglai |Qingzhou |
