| Penebui | |
|---|---|
 Penebui depicted on ayear tablet with blood streaming from her head | |
| Queen consort ofEgypt | |
| Tenure | c. 3000 BC |
| Died | c. 3000 BC |
| Penebui inhieroglyphs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Pe-nebui (personal name) P.nb.wj Seat of the Two Lords | ||||
Weret-hetes (royal title) Wr.t hts Great of Hetes-Scepters | ||||
Penebui (diedc. 3000 BC) was an earlyEgyptian queen and most possibly the wife of kingDjer during the1st Dynasty. Her name was found engraved on severalivory tags.
There are at least three ivory tags showing queen Penebui. Two were found in thenecropolis of king Djer atAbydos, one (pretty damaged) atSaqqara in an anonymous tomb. The tags, calledyear tablets, show depictions of several ceremonies, such as ahuman sacrifice and the presentation of several cultic objects. The center of the engraving shows two figures of deceased queens. They are shown in shape of busts with female heads andhairstyles, resting on palatial decorated pedestals. There are fountains of blood coming out of their foreheads, symbolising the death of the women. In earlier times these blood fountains were falsely interpreted as flower ornaments or snake diadems. Both ladies names are introduced by a rare hieroglyph similar to the later sign for "excrement", the signs on the labels simply mean "to die" or "death". The former, first depicted lady can be identified as queenPenebui, this name means "seat of the two lords". Her name is also guided by the titleWeret-hetes, meaning "great one of the Hetes sceptre", identifying her as a royal spouse. The other lady on the tags must have also been a queen, but of lower rank. Her title wasMa'a-heru, meaning "she who sees Horus". Unfortunately, her name is very difficult to read, it might be written with three fish symbols.[1][2]
Penebui's death seems to be recorded on the famousPalermo stone in the 4th year event window of king Djer.Wolfgang Helck suspects that queen Penebui died violently duedecapitation, since the sign of a deceased royal lady in the year window is guided by the hieroglyph of a decapitatedlapwing.[1]
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