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Pendulum Music

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Composition by Steve Reich

Pendulum Music (For Microphones, Amplifiers Speakers and Performers)[1] is the name of a work bySteve Reich, involving suspendedmicrophones and speakers, creatingphasingfeedback tones. The piece was composed in August 1968 and revised in May 1973, and is an example ofprocess music.[1]

Overview

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Reich came up with the concept while working at theUniversity of Colorado. He was swinging a live microphone in the style of the cowboy'slasso, and noting the produced feedback, he composed for an "orchestra" of microphones.[2]

Three or more microphones are suspended above the speakers by means of a cable and stand. The microphones are pulled back, switched on, and released over the speaker, and gravity causes them to swing back and forth aspendula. As the microphone nears the speaker, a feedback tone is created. Different lengths of cable will swing at different speeds, creating an overlapping series of feedback squeals. The music created is thus the result of theprocess of the swinging microphones.

According to Reich, "The piece is ended sometime shortly after all mikes have come to rest and are feeding back a continuous tone by performers pulling the power cords of the amplifiers".[1] He also added: "If it's done right, it's kind of funny".[2]

Reich's 1974 bookWritings About Music contains the hand-written (1973 revision) description of how to perform the piece.[1]

Writings About Music contains a photo of a performance at theWhitney Museum of American Art on May 27, 1969. The performers there wereRichard Serra,James Tenney,Bruce Nauman andMichael Snow.[1]

Notable recordings

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Experimental rock groupSonic Youth recorded the piece on its 1999 albumSYR4: Goodbye 20th Century. The Avant-Garde Ensemble recorded three different versions of "Pendulum Music".[full citation needed] In 2014, composerDaniel Fishkin created a new transcription of the piece, in which, instead of using audio feedback, the feedback takes place in the domain of light, using solar cells and oscilloscopes instead of microphones and loudspeakers.[3]

In 2012,Richard D James performed a version of the piece using lasers reflected off of giantNewton's cradles.[4][5]

References

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  1. ^abcdeReich, S. (1974). "Pendulum Music". InWritings About Music (pp. 12–13). The Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (Co-published by: New York University Press).ISBN 0-919616-02-X
  2. ^abSteve Reich on "Pendulum Music"
  3. ^Pendulum Music (transcribed for oscilloscope and photodiode)
  4. ^Michael, Chris (Oct 11, 2012)."Aphex Twin – review".The Guardian. Barbican, London. RetrievedNov 21, 2021.
  5. ^Aphex Twin live at Barbican Hall, London, 10/10/12
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