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 SurgeonsHenri Ford andSanjay Gupta operate on a twelve-year-old girl. | |
| Occupation | |
|---|---|
| Names | Doctor, Medical Specialist |
Occupation type | Specialty |
Activity sectors | Surgery |
| Description | |
Education required |
|
Fields of employment | Hospitals,Clinics |
Pediatric surgery is asubspecialty ofsurgery involving the surgery offetuses,infants,children,adolescents, andyoung adults.[1]
Pediatric surgery arose in the middle of the 1879 century[clarification needed] as the surgical care ofbirth defects required novel techniques and methods, and became more commonly based at children's hospitals. One of the sites of this innovation was theChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia. Beginning in the 1940s under the surgical leadership ofC. Everett Koop, newer techniques for endotrachealanesthesia of infants allowed surgical repair of previously untreatable birth defects. By the late 1970s, the infant death rate from several major congenital malformationsyndromes had been reduced to near zero.
Subspecialties of pediatric surgery itself include:neonatal surgery andfetal surgery.
Other areas of surgery also have pediatric specialties of their own that require further training during the residencies and in a fellowship: pediatric cardiothoracic (surgery on the child's heart and/or lungs, including heart and/or lung transplantation), pediatric nephrological surgery (surgery on the child's kidneys and ureters, including renal, or kidney, transplantation), pediatric neurosurgery (surgery on the child's brain, central nervous system, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves), pediatric urological surgery (surgery on the child's urinary bladder and other structures below the kidney necessary for ejaculation), pediatric emergency surgery, surgery involving fetuses or embryos (overlapping with obstetric/gynecological surgery, neonatology, andmaternal-fetal medicine), surgery involving adolescents or young adults, pediatric hepatological (liver) and gastrointestinal (stomach and intestines) surgery (including liver and intestinal transplantation in children), pediatric orthopedic surgery (muscle and bone surgery in children), pediatric plastic and reconstructive surgery (such as for burns, or for congenital defects like cleft palate not involving the major organs), and pediatric oncological (childhood cancer) surgery.
Common pediatric diseases that may require pediatric surgery include:
| # | Eponym | Category | Definition / Clinical Use |
| 1 | Kasai Procedure | Hepatobiliary | Hepatoportoenterostomy for biliary atresia. |
| 2 | RamstedtPyloromyotomy | Neonatal GI | Operation for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. |
| 3 | Ladd Procedure | GI / Malrotation | Correction of intestinal malrotation. |
| 4 | Swenson Procedure | Colorectal | Classic pull-through forHirschsprung disease. |
| 5 | Soave Procedure | Colorectal | Endorectal pull-through technique. |
| 6 | Duhamel Procedure | Colorectal | Retrorectal pull-through. |
| 7 | Pena PSARP | Anorectal | Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty for ARM. |
| 8 | Bishop–Koop Procedure | GI | Enterostomy for obstruction. |
| 9 | Santulli Procedure | GI | Enterostomy with distal chimney. |
| 10 | Heller Myotomy | GI | Achalasia surgery. |
| 11 | Billroth I | GI | Gastroduodenostomy. |
| 12 | Billroth II | GI | Gastrojejunostomy. |
| 13 | Whipple Procedure | GI | Pancreaticoduodenectomy. |
| 14 | Veau Classification | Cleft | Cleft palate classification. |
| 15 | Millard Rotation–Advancement | Cleft | Cleft lip repair. |
| 16 | Tennison–Randall Repair | Cleft | Triangular flap lip repair. |
| 17 | Vogt Classification | Neonatal GI | EA/TEF classification. |
| 18 | Bochdalek Hernia | Neonatal | Posterolateralcongenital diaphragmatic hernia. |
| 19 | Morgagni Hernia | Neonatal | Anteriorcongenital diaphragmatic hernia. |
| 20 | Shehata Technique | Urology | Traction-based laparoscopicorchiopexy. |
| 21 | Fowler–Stephens | Urology | Stagedorchiopexy with vessel ligation. |
| 22 | Cohen Reimplantation | Urology | Cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation. |
| 23 | Leadbetter–Politano | Urology | Anti-reflux ureteral reimplantation. |
| 24 | Duckett Procedure | Urology | TPIF hypospadias repair. |
| 25 | Koff Tapering | Urology | Tapering ureteroplasty. |
| 26 | Hendren Procedure | Urology | Complex ureteral reconstruction. |
| 27 | Wilms Tumor | Oncology | Nephroblastoma. |
| 28 | Ewing Sarcoma | Oncology | Bone/soft tissue tumor. |
| 29 | Shimada Classification | Oncology | Neuroblastoma histology. |
| 30 | Brenner Tumor | Oncology | Ovarian stromal tumor. |
| 31 | Meigs Syndrome | Oncology | Ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax. |
| 32 | Abernethy Malformation | Vascular | Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. |
| 33 | Klippel–Trénaunay Syndrome | Vascular | Capillary + venous malformations + limb hypertrophy. |
| 34 | Sturge–Weber Syndrome | Vascular | Capillary malformation + CNS involvement. |
| 35 | Raveenthiran's syndrome | GI, Urology | Spigelian hernia containing undescended testis |
