| Pecos Bill | |
|---|---|
 Pecos Bill inThe Century Magazine, October 1923, art byElmer Hader | |
| First appearance | The Saga of Pecos Bill (1923) |
| Created by | Edward S. O'Reilly |
| Birthplace | Texas |
| In-universe information | |
| Full name | Pecos Bill |
| Species | Human |
| Gender | Male |
| Occupation | Cowboy |
| Significantother | Slue-Foot Sue |
| Nationality | American |
Pecos Bill (/ˈpeɪkəs/PAY-kəs)[1] is a fictionalcowboy andfolk hero in stories set during Americanwestward expansion into the Southwest ofTexas,New Mexico,Southern California, andArizona. These narratives wereinvented as short stories byTex O'Reilly in the early 20th century and are an example of American"fakelore". Pecos Bill was a late addition to the larger-than-life characters, such asPaul Bunyan orJohn Henry.
The origin story of the character depicts him as aferal child who was raised by a pack ofcoyotes. Years later, his long-lost brother convinces Bill that he is not a real coyote. In some tales concerning his final fate, Pecos and his love interest Slue-Foot Sue supposedly end up on theMoon, apparently never to return. In the animated film adaptationMelody Time, Sue alone is stranded on the Moon. A disheartened Bill then leaves civilization to rejoin the coyotes, whostart howling at the Moon in honor of Bill's sorrow for Sue.
The first known short story about Pecos Bill, titledThe Saga of Pecos Bill, was written by Tex O'Reilly and published inThe Century Magazine in October 1923.[2] O'Reilly claimed they were part of an oral tradition of tales told by cowboys during the westward expansion and settlement of the southwest, including Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. But American folkloristsJ. Frank Dobie[3] andRichard M. Dorson found that O'Reilly invented the stories as "folklore",[4] and that later writers either borrowed tales from O'Reilly, or added further adventures of their own invention to the cycle.[5]
"Pecos Bill" was also the nickname of Civil War generalWilliam Shafter,[6] although this was before O'Reilly created the legend. Shafter was considered a hero in Texas, and even had some legendary poetry written about how tough he was.[7]
Before his prose debut, O'Reilly had already used the name Pecos Bill for bandit characters in short films on which he worked as both screenwriter and actor:West of the Rio Grande (1921), in which he portrayed Pecos Bill, andOn the High Card (1921).[8]
Between January and February of 1935, O'Reilly published Pecos Bill stories inAdventure Magazine.[9]
According to legend, Pecos Bill is responsible for creating many landmarks. One landmark he is said to have created is theGulf of Mexico. Apparently, there was a drought in Texas that was so horrible, that Pecos rushed toCalifornia and lassoed up a storm cloud and brought it to Texas. It rained so much that the Gulf of Mexico was created. Another story is of him creating theRio Grande River. He and his horse got stranded in the desert and needed water. So Pecos grabbed a stick and dug the Rio Grande River. One other landmark that he is responsible for is thePainted Desert. He apparently started shooting at a tribe ofIndigenous Americans, and as they ran away, the ritual paint they had on them came off and painted the desert.
According to the "legend",[10] Pecos Bill was born in Texas in the 1830s (or 1845 in some versions, the year of Texas's statehood). Pecos Bill's family decided to move out because his town was becoming "too crowded." Pecos Bill was traveling in acovered wagon as an infant when he fell out unnoticed by the rest of his family near thePecos River (thus his nickname). He was taken in andraised by a pack ofcoyotes. Years later he was found by his real brother, who managed to convince him he was not a coyote.
He grew up to become a cowboy. Bill used arattlesnake named Shake as a lasso and another snake as a little whip. His horse, Widow-Maker (also called Lightning), was so named because he was Texas's first and most notorious serial killer, leaving a trail of dead bodies clear across Texas (this is another version of how the Rio Grande was made).Dynamite was said to be his favorite food. It is also said Bill sometimes rode acougar instead of a horse. On one of his adventures, Pecos Bill managed tolasso atwister. It was also said that he once wrestled theBear Lake Monster for several days until Bill finally defeated it.
Pecos Bill had a sweetheart named Slue-Foot Sue, who rode a giantcatfish down theRio Grande. He was fishing with the pack when he saw her. Shake, Widow-Maker, and Slue-Foot Sue are as idealized as Pecos Bill.
After a courtship in which, among other things, Pecos Bill shoots all the stars from the sky except for one which becomes theLone Star, Bill proposes to Sue. She insists on riding Widow-Maker before, during or after the wedding (depending on variations in the story). Widow-Maker, jealous of no longer having Bill's undivided attention, bounces Sue off; she lands on herbustle and begins bouncing higher and higher. Bill catches her, but then gets pulled with her. The town folks assumed both Bill and Sue were bounced away to another place or both ended up on theMoon where they stayed and were never seen again.
In James Cloyd Bowman's version of the story, Sue eventually recovers from the bouncing, but is so traumatized by the experience she never speaks to Pecos Bill ever again.
In a few other versions, Bill attempts, but fails, to lasso her, because of an interference by Widow-Maker who did not want her on his back again (or for that matter didn't want her coming between his and Bill's friendship), and she eventually hits her head on the Moon. After she has been bouncing for days, Pecos Bill realizes that she would eventually starve to death, so he lassos her with Shake the rattlesnake and brings her back down to Earth. Widow-Maker, realizing that what he did to her was wrong, apologizes and is forgiven.
In other versions, Sue could not stop bouncing, and Bill could not stop her from bouncing either, so Bill had to shoot her to put her out of her misery. Though it is said that Bill was married many times, he never loved the others as much as Sue, and the other relationships did not work out.
In the storyThe Death of Pecos Bill, Pecos Bill is in a bar when a so-called city boy walks in with gator-skin shoes and a gator-skin suit, otherwise trying to present himself in the manner of an outlaw cowboy. Pecos Bill found it amusing and laughed himself to death outside.
In theMelody Time version, Bill was apparently responsible for theCalifornia Gold Rush andM.F. Stephenson's famous "There's gold in them thar hills" phrase. He knocked out the gold fillings of a gang of rustlers when they tried to steal his cow, scattering the fillings across the landscape. Bill also creates the Lone Star long before he meets Sue. Additionally, in this version Sue gets stranded on the Moon due to Widow-Maker's interference in preventing Bill from lassoing her, after which a disheartened Bill leaves civilization to rejoin thecoyotes, whonow howl at the Moon in honor of Bill's sorrow for Sue.
In the more popular versions, including many children's books, Bill and Sue reunite, and get married happily ever after.
In a school story book (leveled reader), Bill finds a tornado and lassos it, and then they reunite.
Edward O'Reilly co-authored acomic strip with cartoonist Jack A. Warren, also known as Alonzo Vincent Warren, distributed byGeorge Matthew Adams Service between 1936 and 1937.[11] When O'Reilly died in 1946, Warren began a strip titledPecos Pete.[12] This was a story about "Pecos Bill", who had received a "lump on the naggan" that caused him amnesia. The cartoons originally were published inThe Sun and were later syndicated.
Between 1948 and 1951, Clint Harmon created his own version of Pecos Bill forCharlton Comics,[13] appearing in titles suchTim McCoy[14] andCowboy Western Comics.[13] InNature Boy #4 (August 1956), was published a adaptation byBob Powell.[15]
In 1949, the Italian publisheMondadori launched the comic seriesPecos Bill, written byGuido Martina and illustrated byRaffaele Paparella,[16] Antonio Canale,Pier Lorenzo De Vita, Roy D'Ami, Francesco Gamba, Gino d'Antonio andDino Battaglia. After its conclusion in 1955,[17] the series was re-proposed several times by other publishers in other series created by different authors: in 1956 the Alpe publishing house created a new series,Le nuove avventure di Pecos Bill, with a different interpretation of the character created by Cesare Solini and drawn by Pietro Gamba.[18] In 1960 Mondadori revived the character by re-proposing the stories already presented in theAlbi d'Oro series in the seriesGli albi di Pecos Bill, and then sold it in 1962 to the publisher Fasani who continued publishing it for over three hundred issues of newly created stories until 1967,[19] in 1978 the publisher Bianconi debuted a new version of the character created by Armando Bonato. In Italy the reprints of the stories have been re-proposed several times by various publishers over the years.[20]
Pecos Bill made the leap to film in the 1948Walt Disney animated featureMelody Time.
Other "Big Men"
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