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Pavlohrad Павлоград | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Former girls' gymnasium  Registry office  Administration building .jpg) Theater  Post office | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Interactive map of Pavlohrad | |
  Pavlohrad  Pavlohrad | |
| Coordinates:48°31′0″N35°52′0″E / 48.51667°N 35.86667°E /48.51667; 35.86667 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Dnipropetrovsk Oblast |
| Raion | Pavlohrad Raion |
| Hromada | Pavlohrad urban hromada |
| Established | 1779 |
| City rights | 1784 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Anatoliy Vershina |
| Area | |
• Total | 59.3 km2 (22.9 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 71 m (233 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 101,430 |
| • Density | 1,710/km2 (4,430/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 51400-51429 |
| Area code | +380-5632 |
| Website | https://pavlogradmrada.dp.gov.ua |
Pavlohrad (Ukrainian:Павлоград,pronounced[pɐu̯loˈɦrɑd]ⓘ) is acity in easternUkraine, located withinDnipropetrovsk Oblast. It serves as the administrative center ofPavlohrad Raion. Its population is approximately101,430 (2022 estimate).[1]
The rivers ofVovcha (runs through the city 12.85 kilometres (7.98 mi) towards theSamara River),Hnizdka (3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi)),Kocherha (2.9 kilometres (1.8 mi)) flow through Pavlohrad. The area of the city is 59.3 square kilometres (22.9 sq mi). There are 20 schools and 1lyceum in the city.[not verified in body]
Pavlohrad, one of the oldest modern settlements in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast appears in documents from the 17th century.
At the beginning of the 1770s,Zaporozhian Cossack Matvii Khizhnyak built winter quarters, which soon became known asslobodaMatviivka (Ukrainian:Матвіївка). In 1779, Matviivka was renamed toLuhanske, as the latter became headquarters of the Luhanskepikemen regiment headed byM. I. Golinishchev-Kutuzov. With the establishment ofYekaterinoslav Viceroyalty in 1783, the city became a part of this administrative unit as adistrict town, and then renamed toPavlohrad.[a] In 1784, Pavlohrad received city status.
There were 426 homes and 2419 inhabitants in the city at the end of 18th century. The citizens of Pavlohrad lived inwattle and daub huts. The first stone building was the Holy Ascension Cathedral on Soborna Square. The firstcoat of arms of the city was affirmed on 29 July 1811, the second one on 26 September 1979. The first citizens wereCossacks ofSamara [uk] andKalmius [uk]Palankas anddemobilized military. The city plan by Scottish architectW. Geste was affirmed by emperorNicholas I on 31 July 1831.
In 1871, local merchant A.K. Shalin was elected the first head of the city. The central street was named after him (Shalinska Street), later renamedLeninska Street. In 2015, theUkrainian government approvedlaws that outlawedcommunist symbols and street names.[3] As of 2022[update] the street is named Soborna. Merchant of ІІGuild A.V. Permanin was elected ascity governor in 1892. Under hisleadership the city started to develop rapidly: several churches, temples, barracks, gymnasiums, factories and plants were built.
In the 1870s, a railway connectingSt. Petersburg andSimferopol passed through Pavlohrad. In 1896, the Golenishchev-Kutuzov family built the "Earl's Theatre".[citation needed]
In 1930, an uprising againstSoviet rule took place in Pavlohrad.[citation needed] From 1780 to 1941, a significantJewish community existed in the city. The pre-Holocaust Jewish population was approximately 4,000.
The city was destroyed in 1941 during the German occupation. The German occupying forces operated the Dulag 111 and Dulag 124 transitprisoner-of-war camps[4] and aJewish ghetto in Pavlohrad. A large part of the community died during the war and during the mass executions. The Pavlohrad Jewish cemetery contains not only Jewish, but also Christian burials, which the leaders of the local Jewish community agreed to in 1995.[5] On 22 May 2011 it was reported that unknown persons had desecrated the cemetery in the town - tombstones were turned over and broken in an apparently anti-Semitic act.[6]
Following the German retreat in February 1943, theWehrmacht recaptured Pavlohrad during a counteroffensive, planning to use the city as a base for a future attacks on the entire southern Red Army.[7] This period was marked by the persecution of civilians, including arrests, executions, and forced labour.
Until 18 July 2020, Pavlohrad was incorporated as acity of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Pavlohrad Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven, the city of Pavlohrad was merged into Pavlohrad Raion.[8][9]
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During the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Pavlohrad — an important railway transportation hub — was subjected to Russian attacks. On 22 March, a missile strike destroyed the Pavlohrad-2 train station in the city, killing at least one person.[10]
On 20 March 2024, theCommittee on the Organization of State Power, Local Self-government, Regional Development, and Urban Planning [uk] inVerkhovna Rada stated their support for renaming the city to Matviiv (Матвіїв).[11][12] On 9 October 2024, the proposed name Matviiv did not get enough votes in theVerkhovna Rada.[13]
The city is home toPavlohrad Mechanical Plant (PMZ) that was established in December 1963 as a specialized production facility of the Plant no. 586 (nowPivdenmash Production Association). PMZ is a factory dedicated to assembly, perfection and production of solid-fueled rocket engines and missiles. By 1975, PMZ became the largest solid-rocket factory within the Ministry of General Machine Building ofUSSR. PMZ made fuel tanks for booster rockets and plastic ICBM rocket motor casings; parts, components, and assemblies for aerospace systems manufacturing.[citation needed]
On 30 April 2023, a Russian attack on Pavlohrad caused a series of large explosions and fires, injuring at least 34 civilians. Ukrainian sources reported that a plant was hit that produced solid fuel for Soviet-era rockets, and had a number of motors awaiting decommissioning.Russian sources claimed that this attack disrupted the production of ammunition, weapons and military equipment for Ukrainian troops.[14]
According to the2001 Ukrainian census, the city's population was 119,672.Ukrainians accounted for 72.3% of the population and Russians for 25%.[15]Ukrainian was the native language for 59.2% of the population, and Russian for 39.8%.[16][17][18]
| percent | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainians | 72.26% | |||
| Russians | 24.95% | |||
| Belarusians | 0.67% | |||
| Gypsies | 0.39% | |||
| Tatars | 0.25% | |||
| Azerbaijanis | 0.16% | |||
| Germans | 0.15% | |||
| Armenians | 0.15% | |||
| Ashkenazi Jews | 0.12% | |||
| Moldovans | 0.10% | |||
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Pavlohrad istwinned with:[citation needed]
Lubsko, Poland
San Sebastián, Spain
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