Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko | |
|---|---|
 Pavel Mishchenko, General of the Artillery | |
| Born | (1853-01-22)January 22, 1853 Temir-Khan-Shura,Dagestan Oblast,Caucasus Viceroyalty,Russian Empire |
| Died | 1918 Temir-Khan-Shura,Russian SFSR |
| Allegiance |  Russian Empire |
| Service | Imperial Russian Army |
| Years of service | 1871–1917 |
| Rank | General of the artillery |
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Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko (Russian:Па́вел Ива́нович Ми́щенко; Pavlo Ivanovych Mishchenko; 22 January 1853 - 1918) was anImperial Russian career military officer and statesman of theImperial Russian Army.
Mishchenko was born in 1853 in the Russian fortress settlement ofTemir-Khan-Shura in theDagestan Oblast of theCaucasus Viceroyalty. He graduated in 1871 fromPavlovsk Military School as an officer in the artillery, and was assigned to the 38th Artillery Brigade. He participated in theRussian conquest of Central Asia in 1873.
He subsequently participated in theRusso-Turkish War (1877-1878) and the conquest ofRussian Turkestan under GeneralMikhail Skobelev. From 1899, Mischchenko was assigned to Russian-occupiedManchuria as assistant chief of security for theChinese Eastern Railway. He fought during theBoxer Rebellion, and afterwards was promoted to major general and decorated with theOrder of St. George (4th degree).
From 1903, Mischchenko was commander of theTrans-Baikal Cossack Brigade. During theRusso-Japanese War of 1904-1905 he commanded a separateEast-Baikal Cossack Brigade, which was active in many of the battles of that war. Initially, his forces were in Korea, with instructions to obstruct the landing of theJapanese First Army and its march towardsManchuria. However, after several minor skirmishes, Mischchenko retreated across theYalu River.[1] He played a minor role on the flanks of theBattle of the Yalu River,[2] and was also part of the Russian defenses at theBattle of Hsimucheng, andBattle of Te-li-Ssu. At theBattle of Liaoyang and at theBattle of Shaho, he commanded the Russian cavalry formations covering the rear guard of the Russian retreat.[1][3] He was promoted to lieutenant general in October 1904, and appointed commander of the new Cavalier Corps in December 1904 and led a major raid south on 6 January 1905 with 6000 horsemen on a mission to destroy Japanese supplies stockpiled atNiuzhuang. The mission was a disaster, and the force returned twelve days later with massive casualties.[1] He was wounded in the leg during theBattle of Sandepu and although reinstated as commander of the Cavalier Corps in March 1905, was not in theBattle of Mukden.
After the war, from 2 May 1908 to 17 March 1909, Mischchenko was commander of theTurkestan Military District[1] and Governor-General of Turkestan. He also was chieftain of theSemirechye Cossack Host. He was promoted to General of Artillery in 1910, and from 1911 to 1912 was actingataman of theDon Cossacks. With the start ofWorld War I, Mischchenko was appointed commander of the2nd Caucasian Army Corps, and from 1915, the Russian 31st Army Corps on theSouthwestern Front.
However, after theFebruary Revolution, he was dismissed from his posts by the newRussian Provisional Government as part of a purge by the new government of known pro-monarchists, and retired from military service. He returned to his hometown of Temir-Khan-Shura, where he continued to wear his uniform and insignia. After theOctober Revolution, localBolshevik authorities demanded that he surrender his decorations and epaulets, and when he resisted, he was manhandled and either committed suicide or murdered by theBolsheviks at his home.[1]
Order of St. Anne 3rd degree with sword and bow, 1873
Order of St Vladimir, 4th degree with sword and bow, 1881
Order of St Stanislaus, 2nd degree, 1887Order of St. Anne 2nd degree, 1893
Order of St. George, 4th class, 1901Order of St Vladimir, 3rd degree, 1901Order of St Stanislaus, 1st degree, 1904
Golden Sword of St. George, 1905Order of St. Anne 1st degree with sword and bow, 1905Order of St Vladimir, 2nd degree, 1908
,Order of the White Eagle (Russia), with swords, 1911, 1915 with swords
,Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, with swords, 1914
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