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Paul Winchell | |
|---|---|
 Winchell in 1951 | |
| Born | Paul Wilchinsky (1922-12-21)December 21, 1922 New York City, U.S. |
| Died | June 24, 2005(2005-06-24) (aged 82) Moorpark, California, U.S. |
| Occupations |
|
| Years active | 1938–1999 |
| Spouse(s) | [1][2] |
| Children | 3, includingApril Winchell |
| Website | www.paulwinchell.com (archive) |
Paul Winchell (néWilchinsky; December 21, 1922 – June 24, 2005) was an American ventriloquist, comedian, actor, humanitarian, and inventor whose career flourished in the 1950s and 1960s. From 1950 to 1954, he hostedThe Paul Winchell Show, which also used two other titles during itsprime time run onNBC:The Speidel Show, andWhat's My Name? From 1965 to 1968, Winchell hosted the children's television seriesWinchell-Mahoney Time.
He made guest appearances on television series from the late 1950s to the mid 1970s, such asPerry Mason,The Dick Van Dyke Show,McMillan & Wife,The Brady Bunch,The Donna Reed Show, and appearances as Homer Winch onThe Beverly Hillbillies. In animation, Winchell was the original voice ofTigger,Dick Dastardly,Gargamel, Scrubbing Bubbles, and other characters.
He also had medical training and became one of the first people to patent a mechanicalartificial heart, implantable in the chest cavity (US Patent #3097366 of 1963).[3] Winchell has been honored with a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame for his work in television.
Born Paul Wilchinsky inNew York City on December 21, 1922, he was the son of Solomon Wilchinsky and Clara Fuchs. His father was a tailor. His grandparents wereJewish immigrants fromCongress Poland andAustria-Hungary.[4][5][6]
At age 6, his legs atrophied after contractingpolio. When he was 12 or 13, he came across a magazine advertisement offering aventriloquism kit for ten cents. Back atschool, he asked his art teacher, Jero Magon, if he could receive class credit for creating a ventriloquist's dummy. Magon was agreeable, and Winchell thanked him by naming his creation Jerry Mahoney.[7] Winchell went back to reading magazines, gathering jokes from them and putting together a comedy routine, which he then took to theMajor Bowes Amateur Hour in 1938, winning first prize.[8] A touring offer, playing various theaters with the Major Bowes Review, was part of the prize. BandleaderTed Weems saw the young Winchell while on tour; he visited Winchell and made him an offer of employment. Winchell accepted and became a professional at age 14.[7][9][10]
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Winchell's best-knownventriloquist dummies wereJerry Mahoney andKnucklehead Smiff. Mahoney was carved by Chicago-based figure makerFrank Marshall. Sometime later Winchell hadbasswood copies of Jerry's head made by a commercial duplicating service. One became the upgraded Jerry Mahoney that is seen primarily throughout Winchell's television career. He modified two other copies to create Knucklehead Smiff. The television versions of Jerry and Knucklehead also featured Winchell's innovation of actors slipping their hands into the sleeves of the dummies, giving the visual effect of gesturing with their hands while "conversing" with each other. The original Marshall Jerry Mahoney and one copy of Knucklehead Smiff are in storage at theSmithsonian Institution. The other two figures are in the collection of illusionistDavid Copperfield.[citation needed]
Winchell's first show as a ventriloquist was on radio with Jerry Mahoney in 1943. The program was short-lived, however, as he was overshadowed byEdgar Bergen. Winchell also createdOzwald, a character that resembledHumpty Dumpty. The effect was accomplished by painting eyes and a nose on his chin, then adding a "body" covering the rest of his face, and finally electronically turning the camera image upside down. In 1961, Berwin Novelties introduced a home version of the character that included an Ozwald body, creative pencils to draw the eyes and nose, and a "magic mirror" that automatically turned a reflection upside down.[citation needed]
In 1948, Winchell andJoseph Dunninger were featured onFloor Show onNBC. Recorded viakinescope and replayed onWNBQ-TV in Chicago, the 8:30–9 p.m. Central Time show on Thursdays was the station's first midweekly program.[11]
During the 1950s, Winchell hosted children's (The Paul Winchell and Jerry Mahoney Show)[12] and adult programs with his figures for NBC Television, and later for syndication. The NBC Saturday morning program, sponsored byTootsie Roll, featured a clubhouse motif and a theme song co-written by Winchell and his longtime bandleader and on-air sidekick,Milton Delugg. The theme song was titled "HOORAY, HOORAH" and featured the secret password "SCOTTY WOTTY DOO DOO". An ending song titled "Friends, Friends, Friends" was sung by the children in the audience. In October 1956, Winchell moved toABC, hostingCircus Time on Thursday evening for one season before returning toWinchell-Mahoney on Sunday afternoons.[13] On one episode in late 1959,The Three Stooges appeared on the show to promote their joint feature film venture,Stop, Look and Laugh. Winchell made an appearance onNanny and the Professor (Season 2, Episode 13) as a "mean old man" (a puppeteer who had retired into seclusion after losing his wife in an accident). In 1996, Winchell contracted with figure makerTim Selberg to construct a more contemporary version of Jerry Mahoney, which Winchell described as "Disney-esque". Winchell used the new figure version to pitch a new TV series idea to Michael Eisner. In 2009, Winchell was featured in the comedy documentaryI'm No Dummy, directed byBryan W. Simon.[14][15]
Winchell's career after 1968 included various voice roles for animated television series. ForHanna-Barbera, he played the characterDick Dastardly in multiple series (includingWacky Races andDastardly and Muttley in their Flying Machines); Clyde and Softy onWacky Races andThe Perils of Penelope Pitstop; Fleegle onThe Banana Splits Adventure Hour; andGargamel onThe Smurfs.
Winchell had also at one point, auditioned for the role of thePillsbury Doughboy for thePillsbury Company commercials, but lost out toPaul Frees.[16]
He also provided the voice of Bubi Bear inHelp!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch! in 1971, Revs onWheelie and the Chopper Bunch, Moe onThe Robonic Stooges, and Shake onThe CB Bears. In 1973, he did the voice of Goober the Dog on the H-B showGoober and the Ghost Chasers and also guest starred as the rain-making villain on an episode ofHong Kong Phooey. ForDisney, Winchell voicedTigger inDisney'sWinnie-the-Pooh featurettes, and won aGrammy Award for his performance inWinnie the Pooh and Tigger Too.[6]
Beginning with the television seriesThe New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, he alternated in the role withJim Cummings, the current voice of Pooh. Winchell's final performances as Tigger were in 1999 forWinnie the Pooh: A Valentine for You andThe Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh attraction atWalt Disney World. After that,Jim Cummings permanently took over the role of Tigger, starting withSing a Song with Pooh Bear in 1999 (though some of Winchell's vocals from previous Pooh animations were included). Other Disney roles included parts inThe Aristocats as a Siamese cat named Shun Gon, andThe Fox and the Hound as Boomer the woodpecker. He was also the original voice of Zummi Gummi on the TV seriesDisney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears for seasons 1–5; Jim Cummings took over for the final season in 1990.
Winchell provided the voices of Sam-I-Am and the unnamed character Sam pesters inGreen Eggs and Ham from the animated television specialDr. Seuss on the Loose in 1973. He played Fleabag onThe Oddball Couple, Fearless Freddy the Shark Hunter on thePink Panther spinoffMisterjaw in 1976, as well as a number of one-shot characters inThe Blue Racer series. In commercials, he voiced the character ofBurger Chef for the fast food chain of the same name, theScrubbing Bubbles for Dow Chemicals, and Mr. Owl forTootsie Roll Pops.[17][18]
From 1981 to 1989, Winchell voicedGargamel onThe Smurfs as well as on several Smurfs television movies. During the 1980s, he was called upon by Hanna-Barbera to reprise his role of Dick Dastardly onYogi's Treasure Hunt (which was a tour de force, featuring all of the H-B characters) and later onWake, Rattle and Roll (which was aWacky Races spinoff). Also on the animated movieYogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose, he did the voice of the Dread Baron, who was previously voiced byJohn Stephenson on theLaff-a-Lympics.
Winchell (often with Jerry Mahoney) was a frequent guest panelist onWhat's My Line? in 1956. On the April 29 episode, in which Winchell was a panelist, the mystery guest wasEdgar Bergen; after his identity was revealed, Jerry Mahoney and Mortimer Snerd carried on a conversation.[19] Other work included on-camera guest appearances on such series asThe Polly Bergen Show;The Virginian;The Lucy Show;Perry Mason;The Donna Reed Show;Dan Raven;The Brady Bunch; as Homer Winch onThe Beverly Hillbillies; and as Claude Wilbur onThe Dick Van Dyke Show. He appeared in a 1960 motion picture that included a compilation ofThree Stooges shorts (Stop!, Look and Laugh), and also in theJerry Lewis movieWhich Way to the Front?.[citation needed]
Winchell appeared as himself in 1963 in the NBC game showYour First Impression. He appeared in the late 1960s in a sketch onRowan and Martin's Laugh-in as a French ventriloquist namedLucky Pierre, who has the misfortune of having his elderly dummy die of a heart attack in the middle of his act. OnLove, American Style, he appeared with fellow ventriloquistShari Lewis in a sketch about two shy people in a waiting room who choose to introduce themselves to each other through their dummies.[citation needed]
Winchell's most successful TV show wasWinchell-Mahoney Time (1965–1968), a children's show written by his wife, actressNina Russell.[20][1][21] Winchell played several onscreen characters, including Knucklehead Smiff's father, Bonehead Smiff. He also played himself as friend and adult adviser to Mahoney and Smiff. He also created "Mr. Goody-good," a surreal character, by painting eyes and a nose on his chin, covering his face with a small costume, then having the camera image inverted. The resulting pinheaded character seemed to have an immensely wide mouth and a highly mobile head. Winchell created this illusion by moving his chin back and forth. The show was produced atKTTV in Los Angeles, which was owned byMetromedia.[citation needed]
Winchell started "negotiating with Metromedia in 1970 to syndicate the 305 color segments of the show", but nothing came of it. Finally, "Winchell offered to purchase the tapes outright for $100,000. Metromedia responded with an ultimatum...: Agree on a syndication plan or the tapes will be destroyed." When Winchell did not agree, Metromedia carried out with its threat and the tapes were erased and destroyed. Winchell sued Metromedia and in 1986 a jury awarded him "$3.8 million for the value of the tapes and $14 million in punitive damages against Metromedia."[22] Metromedia appealed the award all the way to theSupreme Court but was unsuccessful.[23][24]
Winchell's last regular on-camera TV appearances working with his puppets wereStorybook Squares, a children's version of the adult celebrity game showHollywood Squares, which was seen Saturday mornings on NBC during the 1969 TV season, andRunaround, another children's TV game show seen Saturday mornings on NBC from September 1972 to September 1973.[citation needed]
Winchell was a pre-med student atColumbia University. He graduated from TheAcupuncture Research College of Los Angeles in 1974 and became an acupuncturist. He also worked as a medicalhypnotist at the Gibbs Institute in Hollywood.[3] He owned more than 30 patents in his lifetime.[25] He invented an artificial heart with the assistance ofHenry Heimlich (inventor of theHeimlich maneuver) and held an early US patent for such a device. TheUniversity of Utah School of Medicine developed a similar apparatus around the same time, but when they tried to patent it, Winchell's patents were cited as prior art. Eventually, Winchell donated his heart patents to the university.[26]
There is some debate as to how much of Winchell's designRobert Jarvik used in creating theJarvik-7. Heimlich stated, "I saw the heart, I saw the patent, and I saw the letters. The basic principle used in Winchell's heart and Jarvik's heart is exactly the same."[27] Jarvik denied that any of Winchell's design elements were incorporated into his device, which was first successfully implanted in Barney Clark in 1982.[3][28][29]
Winchell established more medical patents while working on projects for the Leukemia Society (now known as theLeukemia & Lymphoma Society) and theAmerican Red Cross. Other devices that he invented and patented included adisposable razor, ablood plasma defroster, a flamelesscigarette lighter, agarter belt with no outwardly visible lines, afountain pen with a retractable tip, and battery-heated gloves.[3]
In the 1980s, Winchell's concern about starvation in Africa led him to develop a method to cultivatetilapia in tribal villages and small communities. The fish thrives in brackish waters, which made it particularly well suited forsub-Saharan Africa. Winchell appeared before a Congressional committee with several other celebrities, including actorsRichard Dreyfuss andEd Asner, and Dr. Heimlich. The committee declined to finance a pilot program for the tilapiaaquaculture project in Africa because it required digging wells into non-potable water.[6]
Winchell had three children: a son, Stacy Paul Winchell; a daughter, Stephanie, from his first marriage to Dorothy "Dottie" Movitz; and a daughter,April Winchell (the current voice ofClarabelle Cow), who is a comedian and voice actress, from his second marriage to actress-writer Nina Russell.[30][31][32][33][34][35][36] His third wife was the former Jean Freeman.[6]
Winchell's autobiography,Winch (2004), exposed many details of Winchell's life that had previously been kept private, including early stories of anabusive childhood, a long history ofdepression, and at least onemental breakdown, which resulted in a short stint in aninstitution.[37] The book revealed the bad treatment Winchell had received from his mother for a considerable period, and the mental impact that continued to negatively affect him for decades after his mother's death (Clara Wilchinski died in 1953 when she was 58 years old, and Paul was 30). The autobiography caused a major estrangement between Winchell and his children, prompting daughter April to publicly defend her mother, who was negatively portrayed in the book.
After writing inGod 2000: Religion Without the Bible (1982) that religion brought more chaos to humanity than any "other invention of man", Winchell expresseddeist opinions within his 2004 bookProtect God.[38]
Winchell died on June 24, 2005, at the age of 82, fromnatural causes in his sleep at his home inMoorpark, California. He was survived by his wife, his children, and three grandchildren. His remains werecremated, and his ashes scattered over his home property.[39]
Winchell was estranged from his children, and they were not immediately informed of his death. Upon learning of it, April posted an entry on her website:
I got a phone call a few minutes ago, telling me that my father passed away yesterday. A source close to my dad, or at least, closer than I was, decided to tell me himself, instead of letting me find out on the news, which I appreciate. Apparently a decision had been made not to tell me, or my father's other children. My father was a very troubled and unhappy man. If there is another place after this one, it is my hope that he now has the peace that eluded him on earth.[40]
Jim Cummings took on the role ofTigger full-time starting withThe Tigger Movie (2000) after Winchell was rejected by the studio as it thought at that time that his voice and energy sounded and felt too old for the role of the character (at the time of the production of this movie Winchell was 75 years old).Tom Kenny andPeter Woodward took on the role ofDick Dastardly andHank Azaria,Rainn Wilson, and Mark Irons took on the role of Gargamel.[41]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Stop! Look! and Laugh | Himself – The Ventriloquist | Live action |
| 1968 | Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day | Tigger | Took over forWally Boag after the featurette was aired |
| 1970 | The Aristocats | Shun Gon | |
| 1970 | Which Way to the Front? | Schroeder | Live action |
| 1974 | Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too | Tigger | |
| 1977 | The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh | Tigger | |
| 1981 | The Fox and the Hound | Boomer | |
| 1983 | Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore | Tigger | |
| 1997 | Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin | Tigger | Direct-to-Video, Nominated-Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Male Performer in an Animated Feature Production |
| 1999 | Winnie the Pooh: Seasons of Giving | Tigger | Direct-To-Video; Archive footage |
| 2002 | Winnie the Pooh: A Very Merry Pooh Year | Tigger | Direct-To-Video; Archive footage |
| 2002 | The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh: The Story Behind the Masterpiece | Himself | Video documentary short |
| 2009 | I'm No Dummy | Himself | Archival Footage |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1961 | The Paul Winchell Show | Host, Jerry Mahoney | Live action |
| 1953 | Season's Greetings | Himself | TV special |
| 1956 | What's My Line? | Himself – Panelist | |
| 1956–1957 | Circus Time | Host, Jerry Mahoney, Knucklehead Smiff | Live action |
| 1962 | Saints and Sinners | The Promoter | Live action, "Dear George, The Siamese Cat is Missing" |
| 1962 | The Beverly Hillbillies | Grandpa Winch | Live action |
| 1963 | 77 Sunset Strip | Skeets Riley | Live action, "Falling Stars" |
| 1964 | Perry Mason | Henry Clement | Live action, "The Case of the Nervous Neighbor" |
| 1965–1968 | Winchell-Mahoney Time | Himself, Jerry Mahoney, Knucklehead Smiff, Bonehead Smiff, Mr. Goody-good | Live action |
| 1966 | Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles | Diabolical Dauber, Aquator, Devilish Dragster | The Impossibles segments |
| 1966 | The Dick Van Dyke Show | Claude Wilbur | Live action, "Talk to the Snail" |
| 1967 | The Lucy Show | Himself, Doc Putman | Live action, "Lucy and Paul Winchell" |
| 1967 | The Dean Martin Show | Himself | "Episode #2.29" |
| 1968 | The Virginian | Jingo | Live action, "Dark Corridor" |
| 1968–1969 | Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In | Lucky Pierre | Live-Action |
| 1968–1970 | Wacky Races | Dick Dastardly, Clyde, Private Meekly, Sawtooth | |
| 1968–1970 | The Banana Splits | Fleegle, Cuckoo, Goofy Gopher | |
| 1969 | The Flying Nun | Claudio | Live action, "My Sister the Star" |
| 1969–1970 | Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines | Dick Dastardly, The General, Additional voices | |
| 1969–1970 | The Perils of Penelope Pitstop | Clyde, Softy, Additional voices | |
| 1969–1970 | Here's Lucy | French Knife Thrower, Jeweler, Carlo, The Tailor | Live action, "Lucy, the Cement Worker", "Lucy and Liberace" |
| 1970 | Nanny and the Professor | Herbert T. Peabody | Live action, "The Humanization of Herbert T. Peabody" |
| 1971 | The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show | Rockhead, Father | "Mayor May Not" |
| 1971 | The Brady Bunch | Skip Farnum | Live action, "And Now, a Word from Our Sponsor" |
| 1971 | Curiosity Shop | The King of Id | Episode: "How Do You Fix a Broken Funnybone?"[42] |
| 1971–1972 | Help!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch! | Bubi Bear, Furface the Lion, Slicks the Fox, Tiptoes the Ostrich, Gabby the Parrot, Specs the Mole, Pipsqueak the Mouse | He did the voice of Slicks in the first episode, but from then on the character was voiced by Daws Butler, who also voiced Furface in some episodes. Also, Winchell did the voice of Pipsqueak in "Bridal Boo Boo" while in "Love Bug Bungle", the character was voiced by Janet Waldo. |
| 1972 | McMillan & Wife | TV Interviewer | Live action, "Cop of the Year" |
| 1972 | A Christmas Story | Goober | TV special |
| 1972 | Why We Have Elections, or The Kings of Snark | The Narrator | TV short |
| 1972 | The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie | Fleegle, additional voices | "The Banana Splits in Hocus Pocus Park" & "Tabitha and Adam and the Clown Family" |
| 1972–1973 | The New Scooby-Doo Movies | Additional voices | |
| 1972–1973 | Runaround (game show) | Host | Jerry Mahoney and Knucklehead Smiff made frequent appearances |
| 1973 | Circle of Fear | Mr. Carlson | Live action, "The Ghost of Potter's Field" |
| 1973 | Yogi's Gang | Sheik of Selfishness | "The Sheik of Selfishness" |
| 1973 | Dr. Seuss on the Loose | Sam-I-Am, Guy-Am-I, Sneetches | TV short |
| 1973–1975 | Goober and the Ghost Chasers | Goober, Additional voices | |
| 1974 | Hong Kong Phooey | Mr. Shrink, The Mayor | "Dr. Disguiso & The Incredible Mr. Shrink" |
| 1974–1975 | These Are the Days | Additional voices | |
| 1974–1975 | Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch | Revs, Captain Tough, Mailman, Lifeguard | |
| 1975 | Adams of Eagle Lake | Monty | Live action, "Treasure Chest Murder" |
| 1975 | The Tiny Tree | Turtle | TV short |
| 1975 | The Oddball Couple | Fleabag | |
| 1976–1977 | The Pink Panther Show | Fearless Freddy | |
| 1976–1977 | Clue Club | Woofer, Additional voices | |
| 1977 | CB Bears | Shake | Shake, Rattle & Roll segment |
| 1977–1978 | The Skatebirds | Moe, The Amazing Bordoni, Professor Octane, Blob Leader, Woofer | The Robonic Stooges andWoofer & Wimper, Dog Detectives segments |
| 1977–1978 | Fred Flintstone and Friends | Goober, Additional Voices | |
| 1978 | To Catch a Halibut | Fearless Freddy | TV short |
| 1978 | Hanna-Barbera's All-Star Comedy Ice Revue | Bubi Bear/Fleegle | TV special |
| 1979 | Casper and the Angels | Additional voices | |
| 1979 | The Super Globetrotters | Bad Blue Bart, The Phantom Cowboy | |
| 1980–1982 | Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo | Additional voices | |
| 1980–1982 | Heathcliff | Marmaduke, Phil Winslow, Additional voices | |
| 1981 | Trollkins | Mayor Lumpkin | |
| 1981 | The Flintstones: Wind-Up Wilma | Umpire, Thief, Reporter | TV film |
| 1981–1989 | The Smurfs | Gargamel | |
| 1982 | My Smurfy Valentine | Gargamel | TV special |
| 1982 | The Smurfs Christmas Special | Gargamel | TV special |
| 1982 | The Smurfs' Springtime Special | Gargamel | TV special |
| 1982 | Spider-Man | Uncle Ben,Silvermane | 2 episodes |
| 1982–1983 | Meatballs & Spaghetti | Additional voices | |
| 1983 | The Smurfic Games | Gargamel | TV special |
| 1984 | Here are the Smurfs | Gargamel | TV movie |
| 1985 | The Jetsons | Dr. Input | "S'No Relative" |
| 1985 | Disney Family Album | Himself | "Voice Actors" |
| 1985–1988 | Yogi's Treasure Hunt | Dick Dastardly, Additional voices | |
| 1985–1990 | Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears | Zummi Gummi | (Seasons 1–5) |
| 1986 | The Kingdom Chums: Little David's Adventure | King Saul | TV film |
| 1986 | Smurfquest | Gargamel | TV movie |
| 1987 | Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose | Dread Baron | TV film |
| 1988–1990 | The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh | Tigger, Additional voices | Seasons 1–3 |
| 1988-1995 | Garfield and Friends | gramps, Mr. Baggett | seasons 1-7 |
| 1990–1991 | Wake, Rattle and Roll | Dick Dastardly | Fender Bender 500 segment |
| 1991 | Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too | Tigger | TV special |
| 1991–1994 | Garfield and Friends | Additional voices | Joined the cast in season 4 |
| 1993 | Droopy, Master Detective | Rumpley's Dad | "A Chip off the old Block Head" |
| 1998 | A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving | Tigger | TV special |
| 1999 | A Valentine for You | Tigger | TV special |
| Year | Title | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1998 | My Interactive Pooh | Tigger[43] |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1938 | Major Bowes Amateur Hour | Himself | 1 episode |
| Year | Title | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 | The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh | Tigger (Walt Disney World version) |
I went out to California in 1938. I was a kid going to school in NY city and I was studying commercial art. I went to a school called theSchool of Industrial Art in Manhattan. just about at that time, Edgar Bergan hit the scene. Rudy Valee presented him on his show, the Vallee show, and the rest was history. he became absolutely a rage. [.....] And three months later—it was only three months later—I appeared on the Major Bowes Original Amateur hour on CBS Radio in 1938. [.....] I asked my teacher if I would get credit if I built a ventriloquist figure, would that qualify for credit? And he says "well of course [.....] it requires sculptoring [sic], it requires casting, it requires molding, it requires all of the things that we're studying [.....] I kind of 'Mickey Moused the whole thing."
Without comment, the justices turned away the case of a $17.8-million award won by ventriloquist Paul Winchell over the destruction of all videotapes of his popular children's television show of the 1960s.
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