Paul Vinogradoff | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 30 November [O.S. 18 November] 1854 |
| Died | 19 December 1925(1925-12-19) (aged 71) |
| Resting place | Holywell Cemetery,England |
| Citizenship | Russian (to 1918);British (from 1918) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | a son and a daughter |
| Parents |
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| Honors | Доктор наук (Moscow, 1887) D.C.L. (Oxford, Durham) LL.D. (Cambridge, Harvard, Liverpool, Calcutta, Michigan) Dr. juris (Berlin) Doctorhonoris causa (Paris) |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Imperial Moscow University |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | History ofMedieval Europe |
| Notable works | Villainage in England: Essays in English Medieval History |
Sir Paul Gavrilovitch VinogradoffFBA (Russian:Па́вел Гаври́лович Виногра́дов,romanized: Pavel Gavrilovich Vinogradov; 30 November [O.S. 18 November] 1854 – 19 December 1925) was a Russian and Britishhistorian andmedievalist. He was a leading thinker in the development of historical jurisprudence andlegal history as disciplines.[1]
Vinogradoff was born inKostroma and was educated at the localgymnasium andMoscow University, where he studied history underVasily Klyuchevsky. After graduating in 1875, he obtained a scholarship to continue his studies inBerlin, where he studied underTheodor Mommsen andHeinrich Brunner.
Vinogradoff became professor of history at theUniversity of Moscow, but his zeal for the spread of education brought him into conflict with the authorities, and consequently he was obliged to leave Russia. Having settled in England, Vinogradoff brought a powerful and original mind to bear upon the social and economic conditions of early England, a subject which he had already begun to study in Moscow.[2]
Vinogradoff visited Britain for the first time in 1883, working on records in thePublic Records Office and meeting leading English scholars such asSir Henry Maine andSir Frederick Pollock. He also metFrederic William Maitland, who was heavily influenced by their meeting.
Vinogradoff was elected a member of theAmerican Antiquarian Society in 1897.[3]
In 1903, he was elected to the position ofCorpus Professor of Jurisprudence at theUniversity of Oxford, and held this position until he died in 1925.[4] He was elected a Fellow of theBritish Academy in 1905. He received honorary degrees from the principal universities (includingD.C.L. from theUniversity of Oxford in October 1902, in connection with the tercentenary of theBodleian Library.[5]), was made a member of several foreign academies and was appointed honorary professor ofhistory at Moscow.[2]
Upon the death of Maitland, Vinogradoff became the literary director of theSelden Society withSir Frederick Pollock, a position he held until 1920. DuringWorld War I he gave valuable assistance to the British Foreign Office in connection with Russian affairs.[6] Vinogradoff wasknighted in 1917,[7] and he and his children werenaturalized asBritish subjects in 1918.[8]
In 1925, Vinogradoff traveled toParis to receive an honorary degree; while in Paris, he developedpneumonia and died there on 19 December.
According to theEncyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, published in 1911, Vinogradoff'sVillainage in England (1892) was "perhaps the most important book written on the peasantry of thefeudal age and the village community in England; it can only be compared for value withFW Maitland'sDomesday Book and Beyond. In masterly fashion Vinogradoff here shows that thevillein ofNorman times was the direct descendant of theAnglo-Saxon freeman, and that the typical Anglo-Saxon settlement was a free community, not a manor, the position of the freeman having steadily deteriorated in the centuries just around theNorman Conquest. The status of the villein and the conditions of the manor in the 12th and 13th centuries are set forth with a legal precision and a wealth of detail which shows its author, not only as a very capable historian, but also as a brilliant and learned jurist."[2]
The article considered that almost equally valuable was Vinogradoff's essay on “Folkland” in vol. viii. of theEnglish Historical Review (1893), which proved for the first time the real nature of this kind of land. Vinogradoff followed up hisVillainage in England withThe Growth of the Manor (1905) andEnglish Society in the Eleventh Century (1908), works on the lines of his earlier book.[2]
InOutlines in Historical Jurisprudence (1920–22), Vinogradoff traces the development of basic themes of jurisprudence, including marriage, property, and succession, in six different types of society: the totemistic, the tribal, the ancient city state, the medieval system of feudalism and canon law, and modern industrial society.[9]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Vinogradoff, Sir Paul".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 32 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 927. This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Vinogradoff, Paul".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 100.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Works by or aboutPaul Vinogradoff atWikisource
