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Patriotic Union Unión Patriótica | |
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| Leader | Miguel Primo de Rivera |
| Founded | 14 April 1924 (1924-04-14)[citation needed] |
| Dissolved | 1930 |
| Succeeded by | National Monarchist Union |
| Headquarters | Madrid, Spain |
| Newspaper | La Nación |
| Ideology | Spanish nationalism Political Catholicism Monarchism Conservatism Corporatism |
| Political position | Right-wing |
| Part ofa series on |
| Conservatism in Spain |
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Literature |
Parties
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ThePatriotic Union (Spanish:Unión Patriótica, UP) was thepolitical party created by Spanish dictatorMiguel Primo de Rivera, conceived as a support to his regime and integratingpolitical Catholicism,technocrats, and the business-owning classes. The party's power was dependent upon the power of its founder and leader, not any popular mandate. Following thedismissal of Miguel Primo de Rivera in January 1930 byKing Alfonso XIII, the party was succeeded by theNational Monarchist Union.
There is no reliable information on membership figures. The party reviewUnión Patriótica claimed in 1927 that there were 1,319,428 people on the rolls;[1] in 1928 the same source reported the figure as 1,696,304.[2] Most historians consider these figures fairly meaningless and note that they probably reflect bureaucratic ingenuity rather than the scale of genuine recruitment.[3] However, some scholars settle for official figures, e.g. in theprovince of Almería the UP membership is estimated at 30,000[4] and in mid-sizeValencian towns likeGandia,Torrent orUtiel at 500–1,000 members.[5]
An official yet not public note from Primo de Rivera, dated 1929, estimated membership at 600–700,000.[6] Many historians tend to settle for even smaller figures, ranging from 400,000[7] to 500,000.[8] These estimates are pretty much a guesswork, though some scholars base their calculations on circulation of the UP dailyLa Nación, at its peak printed in 50,000 copies.[9]
Figures in the range of 1.3m–1.7m would suggest the membership rate of some 6–8% (compared to the entire population), figures in the range of 0.4–0.5m would point to some 2%. In comparison to other state parties, in the mid-1930s some 10% of the Italian population were on the rolls ofPNF;[10] in 1937 some 8% of Germans were members ofNSDAP.[11] The communist state parties of the late 20th century recorded a membership rate between 4% in the USSR[12] to 8–10% in Poland[13] or Czechoslovakia.[14]FET y de las JONS, the state party during theFrancoist dictatorship, boasted of some 0.9m members in 1942, around 3% of the Spanish population.[15]
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