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Patriot Patriota | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Adilson Barroso |
| Founded | 9 August 2011 (2011-08-09) (as the National Ecological Party) |
| Dissolved | 9 November 2023 (2023-11-09) |
| Merged into | Democratic Renewal Party |
| Headquarters | Brasília,Federal District |
| Membership(2023) | 322,097[1] |
| Ideology | National conservatism[2] Christian right[2] Economic liberalism[2] Green conservatism[2] Anti-communism[2] |
| Political position | Right-wing[3][4][5] tofar-right[6][7][8][9] Historical Centre-right |
| Religion | Christianity |
| Colours | Dark green |
| Slogan | "For a patriotic Brazil" |
| TSE Identification Number | 51 |
| Website | |
| patriota51.org.br | |
Patriota (Portuguese pronunciation:[patɾiotɐ],lit. 'Patriot'), abbreviatedPATRI and formerly known as theNational Ecological Party (Portuguese:Partido Ecológico Nacional, abbreviatedPEN), was aright-wing tofar-rightpolitical party in Brazil. It was registered in theSuperior Electoral Court in the summer of 2012. The last president of the party was the former State Deputy ofSão PauloAdilson Barroso, who before creating PEN was a member of theSocial Christian Party. The party'sSuperior Electoral Court identification number was 51.
Its platform involved support forconservative policies, a strong nationalmilitary policy,zero tolerance politics regarding violence and crime, support for the Brazilianagrarian sector, and rejection of social and indigenous movements like theLandless Workers' Movement as well as ananti-communist stance. It stated it is againstcorruption in Brazil, and seeks to upholdtraditional values based onChristian ethics. The party had links with theAssemblies of God, the largest Christianevangelical denomination in Brazil.
After the2022 Brazilian general elections, Patriota failed to break through theelectoral threshold, thus cutting access toparty subsidies and free political advertisement. Thus, in November 2023 it merged with theBrazilian Labour Party to form theDemocratic Renewal Party.[10]
The party was founded as the National Ecological Party (PEN) in 2011. The party was acentre-rightgreen conservative party, originally meant to attract environmentalist politicianMarina Silva in case her party did not get the authorization to take part in the2014 Brazilian general election. This proposal failed and the party obtained a small quantity of votes in the 2014 elections, while endorsing then presidential candidateAécio Neves.
In 2017, the PEN changed whenJair Bolsonaro announced he would enter the party, in a bid to run for President of Brazil in the2018 Brazilian general election. PEN changed its name to Patriota (PATRI) and abandoned its former environmentalist ideals to become a right-wingconservative party pursuing aright-wing populist agenda, influenced byDonald Trump's victory in the2016 United States presidential election andBrexit.[11] Patriota has renounced its green and pro-ecologist policies in favor of its conservative and nationalist policies; it has maintained and strengthened its religious opposition toabortion,same-sex marriage, and othersocially progressive policies.[12][13]
The acronym PEN was also seen as an abbreviation ofPentecostalism, the evangelical current of PEN founders, than a coherent ideological current. Since the refoundation as Patriota, the party are making more efforts to appeal for a broader Christian electorate, like socially conservativeCatholics and traditional Protestants likeBaptists andPresbyterians, instead to be a mere political arm of a single church. Not only the acronym was changed, but the ideology was changed too, due to the fact that Bolsonaro sees environmentalists as part of a "conspiracy against Brazil" while his sonsEduardo Bolsonaro andFlávio Bolsonaro areglobal warming deniers. These two reasons forced the party to change its name and ideology.[14]
After an internal conflict, Bolsonaro gave up on joining Patriota in January 2018 and chose to join theSocial Liberal Party in January 2018. Nevertheless, the party maintained the proposal of change of name and statute and the party have spoken in the possibility of two other members of the party applying for the candidacy to the presidency of the republic, these include Adilson Barroso himself and the plastic surgeon Dr.Roberto M. Rey Jr., affiliated to the party since 2014.[15]
In 2018, Patriota launched former firefighter and evangelical pastorCabo Daciolo as their presidential nominee, without partnering any political party. Daciolo is known for his controversial political views, which include turning Brazil into a Christian theocracy.[16] Daciolo got 1,3% of votes and did not endorse Bolsonaro nor Haddad in the second round.[17]
On 17 December 2018, theProgressive Republican Party merged with Patriota, increasing its representation to nine deputies and one senator.[18] Patriota later joined Bolsonaro's coalition in the Congress.
With the2022 Brazilian general elections, Patriota failed to break through theelectoral threshold, thus cutting access toparty subsidies and free political advertisement. On October, the party voted in an assembly to merge with theBrazilian Labour Party to form the "Mais Brasil" party.[19] The merger was approved by theSuperior Electoral Court on 9 November 2023 and the party is now called the Democratic Renewal Party.[20]
Due to most members and militants of Patriota being from different Christian branches and racial backgrounds, the party condemned racism and promotes Christianecumenism, despite this, the party opposes integration with non-Christians, mainlyAtheists andMuslims.The party followed a deep conservative and fundamentalist orientation, being againstsecularism,abortion,same-sex marriage,LGBT adoption and pro-gender identity policies while referring to it as "gender ideology".[21] But ever since, the party had adopted more controversial stances, including turning Brazil into a theocratic state and replacing the secular 1988 constitution for a religious-oriented one.[22]
The party had ambiguous economic policies.[according to whom?] While embracingeconomic liberalism, the party opposes foreign interference, mainly by Chinese companies, in the Brazilian economy.The party supported the privatization of most Brazilian state-owned companies, but also promoted more Brazilian government interference in some sectors, like the mining sector, and opposes the privatization ofPetrobras.[23] The party's economic policy could have been seen as supporting amixed economy.
Patriota supported a hard approach against crime and drug trafficking, supporting the lowering of the minimum penal age and favoringlife imprisonment andcapital punishment.The party also supported liberal gun policies, favoring the open carry of weapons and favors large investments on theBrazilian Armed Forces.
| Election | Candidate | Running mate | Coalition | First round | Second round | Result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
| 2014 | Aécio Neves (PSDB) | Aloysio Nunes (PSDB) | Change Brazil (PSDB,DEM,PMN,PEN,PTB,PTC,PTdoB,PTN,SD) | 34,897,211 | 33.55% (2nd) | 51,041,155 | 48.36% (2nd) | Lost N |
| 2018 | Cabo Daciolo (PATRI) | Suelene Balduino (PATRI) | None | 1,348,323 | 1.26% (6th) | — | LostN | |
| Election | Chamber of Deputies | Federal Senate | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| 2014 | 667,983 | 0.69% | 2 / 513 | New | 65,597 | 0.07% | 0 / 81 | New |
| 2018 | 1,432,304 | 1.46% | 5 / 513 |  3 | 60,589 | 0.04% | 0 / 81 |  0 |
| 2022 | 1,526,570 | 1.40% | 4 / 513 |  1 | 76,729 | 0.08% | 0 / 81 | 0 |
The far right has continued to operate throughout Brazil[104] and a number of far-right parties existed in the modern era including Patriota, the Brazilian Labour Renewal Party, the Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order, the National Renewal Alliance and the Social Liberal Party as well as death squads such as the Command for Hunting Communists.
