Patrick Joseph Hayes | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal,Archbishop of New York | |
 | |
| Archdiocese | New York |
| Appointed | March 10, 1919 |
| Installed | March 19, 1919 |
| Term ended | September 4, 1938 |
| Predecessor | John Murphy Farley |
| Successor | Francis Spellman |
| Other posts | Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Via Vicar Apostolic for the United States Armed Forces |
| Previous post |
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| Orders | |
| Ordination | September 8, 1892 by Michael Corrigan |
| Consecration | October 28, 1914 by John Murphy Farley |
| Created cardinal | March 24, 1924 byPius XI |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1867-11-20)November 20, 1867 New York City,New York, U.S. |
| Died | September 4, 1938(1938-09-04) (aged 70) Monticello,New York, U.S. |
| Buried | St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York |
| Motto | Domine Mane Nobiscum (Stay With Us O Lord) |
| Coat of arms |  |
Ordination history of Patrick Joseph Hayes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Styles of Patrick Hayes | |
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| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Religious style | Cardinal |
| Posthumous style | none |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | New York |
Patrick Joseph Hayes (November 20, 1867 – September 4, 1938) was anAmerican Catholic prelate who served asArchbishop of New York from 1919 until his death. He was elevated to thecardinalate in 1924.
Patrick Hayes was born in theFive Points section ofManhattan to Daniel Hayes and Mary Gleason.[1] In his own words, Hayes "was born very humble and, I may say, of poor people."[2] Both of his parents were fromCounty Kerry,Ireland, and moved to theUnited States in 1864.[3] A younger brother, John, was born in 1870. Hayes' mother died in June 1872, and his father later remarried around 1876; a half-sister, Anastasia, was also born that year.[3] At age 15, he was sent to live with his aunt and uncle, who ran agrocery store where Hayes then worked.[3]
After attendingLa Salle Academy, Hayes studied atManhattan College, where he excelled atphilosophy and theclassics and obtained aBachelor of Arts degree with high honors in 1888.[3] At Manhattan, he also befriendedGeorge Mundelein, who would later becomeArchbishop of Chicago.[4] Hayes then attendedSt. Joseph's Seminary inTroy.[1]
Hayes wasordained to thepriesthood by ArchbishopMichael Corrigan on September 8, 1892.[1] He was then sent for further studies at theCatholic University of America inWashington, D.C., earning aLicentiate of Sacred Theology in 1894.[3]
Upon his return toNew York City, Hayes was appointedCurate at St. Gabriel's Church on theLower East Side, where he served under itspastor,John Murphy Farley (whom he would later succeed asArchbishop of New York).[3] Hayes, following Farley's elevation to theepiscopacy, served as hisprivate secretary from 1895 to 1903, thereafter he was appointedchancellor of the Archdiocese andRector of theCathedral College.[3] He was namedDomestic Prelate of His Holiness on October 15, 1907.[1]
On July 3, 1914, Hayes was appointedAuxiliary Bishop of New York andTitular Bishop ofThagaste byPope Pius X.[5] He received hisepiscopal consecration on the following October 28 from Cardinal Farley, with BishopsHenry Gabriels andThomas Cusack serving asco-consecrators, atSt. Patrick's Cathedral.[5]
Hayes was later namedVicar Apostolic of Military, USA, on November 24, 1917.[5] Serving as head of the Americanmilitary ordinariate duringWorld War I, he recruited hundreds of priests ascommissioned officers orchaplains.[3] He was also one of the four episcopal members of the executive committee of theNational Catholic War Council.[3]
Following the death of Cardinal Farley in September 1918, Hayes was appointed byPope Benedict XV as the fifthArchbishop of New York on March 10, 1919.[5] He was formallyinstalled as Archbishop on the following March 19.[4] He founded thearchdiocesanCatholic Charities in 1920, and subsequently became known as "the Cardinal of Charities."[4] In a 1921pastoral letter, Hayes strongly condemnedabortion,contraception anddivorce.[6] He had the first convention of theAmerican Birth Control League raided,[7] and later called its members "prophets of decadence".[8] He welcomed the election ofÉamon de Valera asPresident of the Irish Republic and contributed $1,000 toSinn Féin.[3]
Pope Pius XI created himCardinal Priest ofSanta Maria in Via in theconsistory of March 24, 1924. It was speculated that the Pope delayed his elevation to theSacred College of Cardinals because a group affiliated with New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral had stoned theUnion Club for flying aBritish flag,[clarification needed] but Pius nevertheless warmly greeted Hayes at the consistory as "dear little brother".[4][9]
The cardinal opposedProhibition, backed legislation to limit indecency on the stage, and endorsed unemployment relief during theGreat Depression. Commenting on the Depression in 1931, he stated, "The American people are experiencing a return to religion following a period of carelessness and cynicism marked by the prosperity of the land...Now they are returning when they find they are in need of something greater than the material in facing adversity and stress."[2]
After the Rev.Charles Coughlin praised the formerMayorJimmy Walker in New York, Hayes, who had earlier denounced Walker for his perceived lack of morality, ruled that no ecclesiastical visitor might address a religious gathering without the cardinal's permission.[10]
On June 24, 1924, he offered theinvocation at the opening of the1924 Democratic National Convention.[11] He used hisTammany Hall connections to line upDemocratic support inCongress for legislation protectingCatholic schools in thePhilippines in 1932.[12] During the Spanish Civil War, Hayes was outspoken in his support for the fascist-nationalist forces ofGeneral Franco, "claiming that 'Loyalists are controlled by radicals and communists'."[13][14]
Hayes had asummer house in theCatskill Mountains, near St. Joseph's camp, maintained by the AmityvilleDominicannuns; he once encountered a group ofKlansmen there.[4]
In September 1938, Hayes died from aheart attack, caused bycoronary thrombosis, inMonticello, New York, at age 70.[15]
Cardinal Hayes High School inThe Bronx is named after him.
| Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by — | Apostolic Vicar for the Military Services 1917 – 1938 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Archbishop of New York 1919 – 1938 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by – | Auxiliary Bishop of New York 1914 – 1919 | Succeeded by – |
